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Lesson #2: Pipe Size and

Schedule

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Lesson #2: Pipe Size and Schedule

Pipe Size
Initially known as IPS (Iron Pipe Size) which the size represented the approximate
inside diameter of the pipe in inches with one wall thickness: STD or Standard, or
also known as Standard Weight (STD. WT). Pipe, by definition, is a tube, a hollow
cylinder, with round cross section following certain dimension rules and
requirements. For example, by following requirements of ASME B36.10M, Welded
and Seamless Wrought Steel Piping and ASME B36.19M, for Stainless Piping.

In March 1972, American Standard Association authorized a committee to

standardize the dimension of steel and iron pipe/tubing, which at that time only:
Standard WEIGHT (STD), EXTRA STRONG (XS), EXTRA HEAVY (XH), followed then with
DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG (XXS) or DOUBLE EXTRA HEAVY (XXH).

In term of Dimension of pipe or pipe size, it was initially known as IPS (Iron Pipe
Size). The size represented the approximate inside diameter of the pipe in inches.
From then, we start to know pipe as 2-in, 4-in, and so on. As for thickness, it was
only having one thickness; STD or Standard, or also known as Standard Weight
(STD. WT).

Pipe Dimension

Over the course of the time, the demand from Industrial for the handling of higher-
pressure fluids had made the manufacture to produce thicker pipes. In March 1972,
American Standard Association authorized a committee to standardize the
dimension of steel and iron pipe/tubing, which at that time only: Standard Weight
(STD), EXTRA STRONG (XS), EXTRA HEAVY (XH), followed then with Double Extra
Strong (XXS) or DOUBLE EXTRA HEAVY (XXH). However, the outside diameter still
same, no change. More development occurred with stronger and corrosion-
 resistance pipes which permit to use thinner pipe without risk of failure due to
corrosion, resulting in a new method of specifying pipe size and wall thickness.

Currently, there are two methods commonly used to specify pipe size

NPS: Nominal Pipes Size:

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a dimensionless designator of pipe size which

Introduced initially in North America. It shows standard pipe size without an
inch symbol. For example, NPS 2: is for pipe with Outside Diameter of 2.375
inches or 60.3 mm.

It is important to note here that up to and includes to NPS 12, the outside
diameter indicate are smaller than the actual size. For example, as above, NPS
2 has 2.375 inches of Outside Diameter or 60.3-millimetre diameter. However,
for size 14” and above, the outside diameter will be exactly the same as what
indicates. For example, NSP 14 has an outside diameter of 14 inches or 355.6
mm. The inside diameter though will depend upon the pipe wall thickness
which specified by schedule number.

DN: Diametre Nominal:

DN: Nominal Diameter: is an equivalent to NPS, developed by International

Standards Organizations (ISO). DN or diamètre nominal/nominal
diameter/Durchmesser nach Norm. It also a dimensionless designator pipe
size in the metric unit. For example, DN 50 is the equivalent to the designation
of NPS 2.

Followings are the table showing the comparison between DN and NPS:
 Comparison of some pipe size: NPS vs DN

Notes: For sizes larger than NPS 80, Value of DN equivalent by multiplying NPS
size designation number by 25.

Pipe Wall Thickness

The Thickness of pipes is expressed in numbers which also called as Schedule

Number such as 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 20S, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120, 140
and 160. They are not given in the value of pipe wall thickness.

However, the Schedule number, as shown above, indicates the approximate

value of the 1000 P/S, where P is the Service Pressure and S is the Allowable
Stress, Pounds per Square Inch (PSI). It is understandable that the higher the
schedule number, the thicker the pipe is. In this case, we can see that the
Outside Diameter for each pipe has been standardized. Therefore, for same
Outside Diameter, the particular nominal pipe size will have a different inside
diameter depend on the Schedule number specified.

As mentioned earlier, Initially the available thickness of pipe were only three
groups, namely:
 Standard Wall Thickness
Extra Strong (XS)
Double Extra Strong (XXS)

We may notice that the Schedule number followed with letter “S” after
the number, e.g., schedule 5S. This is specifically in accordance to ASME
B36.19M and specifically intended for Stainless Steel Pipe. However, it is
important to note here that the pipe wall thickness specified with a
number followed by the letter S may or may not be the same with the
one without Letter S. Please refer to ASME B36.19M and ASME B36.10M.

On general notes, the nominal wall thickness of NPS 10 and below

Schedule 40 is the same as that of STD. WT. pipe. Also, NPS 8 and smaller
with Schedule 80 also has the same wall thickness as XS pipe.

Straight pipe is supplied in ‘random’ lengths (17 to 25 ft), Single Random

Length (SRL) and sometimes ‘double random’ lengths (38 to 48 ft),
Double Random Length (DRL), if preferred. The ends are normally either
PLAIN END (PE), BEVELED END for welding (BE), or THREADED and
supplied with once coupling per length (‘threaded and coupled or T&C’).

Pipe Properties Formula

Pipe Properties: Sample Calculation

Pipe Data: NPS 10

OD: 10.75 inches
Sch: STD (40)
Wall Thickness: 0.365 inches
CALCULATE PIPE PROPERTIES!
Some sample of pipe data
Pipe Ends:

1. Plain Ends (PE): i.e., the ends of the pipes are cut square, often used for
the connection such as weld sockets, slip-on flanges and mechanical
couplings

2. Beveled Ends (BE): i.e., the ends of the pipes are cut to form a suitable
bevel and is often used to weld, butt-connection

3. Threaded Ends(TE): namely pipe made had threaded on one end and is
used for the connection type Screw Joints. There are two options, is threaded
on both sides (TBE = Threaded Both Ends) or only on one side (TOE =
threaded one end).
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