Executive Summary

Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable
to cope up with the effect of climate change including the degree of the exposure,
sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change hazard (MERF 2013, VA guidebook).
The VA entails analysis of the physical environmental condition and changes made by
natural impact (e.g. sea level rise, wave and surges, typhoons) to the coastal and habitat
ecosystems and the effect to the community as well. VA has three components,
exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The integration of the three (3) components
yields a measurement of the assessed area to low, medium and high vulnerability both
coastal and fishery ecosystem.

Philippines coastal areas are densely populated with more than 65 million of the
population living within 822 coastal Municipalities and Cities (MERF 2013, VA guidebook). It
was ranks seventh on the list of countries most vulnerable to climate change based on
long term trends of exposure and extreme events analyzed from 1990 to 2009 (MERF, 2013
VA guidebook). This hazard associated in climate change include increasing air and
water temperatures, sea level rise, more intense and frequent typhoons, changes in the
amount and pattern of rainfall and ocean acidification (MERF,2013). Furthermore, the
combined of natural and human coastal community activities can severely impact both
coastal and marine environment.

To response the situation, the VA tools have been developed intended purposely for
coastal and fishery ecosystems for measuring the vulnerability in a local setting (MERF,
2013 VA guidebook). It was designed to be useful and informative for local Government
and its constituents.

On this assessment, two (2) tools has been used purposely for coastal and fishery
ecosystem. The aim is to give awareness of the local government and stakeholders about
the current condition of the coast and marine environment, and to determine the possible
impact of climate change hazard. These tools are Coastal Integrity Vulnerability

Assessment Tools (CIVAT) and Tools for understanding the Resilience of Fisheries (TURF).

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CIVAT is one of the primary tool to assess the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems based on
various factors of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity (MERF, 2013). The tool
encompasses the three types of habitat such as mangroves, seagrasses and coral reefs
which have great significant sources of beach sediments and effective wave buffer . TURF
in the other hand, is a tool use for assessing the climate change vulnerability of coastal
fisheries. There are three (3) major components of this tool i.e fisheries aspect, reef
ecosystem features, and economic attributes, each with intrinsic properties but are tightly
interrelated (MERF, 2013). Both tools are very useful to identify and correspond with
adaptation options.

The assessment was conducted in eight (8) coastal barangays in the Municipality of San
Jose, Province of Dinagat Islands namely: Poblacion, San Juan, Don Ruben, Sta. Cruz,
Wilson, Jacques, Matingbe and Luna.

The Municipality of San Jose is the business capital of the Province of Dinagat Islands. It is a
4th class Municipality and comprises mainly of twelve (12) barangays. There are four (4)
upland barangays namely: Cuarinta, Mahayahay, Justiniana and Aurelio. It has a land
area of 3,849 hectares, with 1,968.38 hectares municipal waters and coastal length of
19,844.29 kilometers.

The result of the assessment using the VA-tools (CIVAT and TURF) concluded five (5)
Barangays: Sta. Cruz, Don Ruben, San Juan, Poblacion and Jacques have the highest
vulnerability in the overall ratings. This is due to the geographical position which are
directly exposed to wind and wave impacts during Habagat monsoon or when there is
typhoon. Other reasons that affect the coastal integrity and fishery ecosystems are:
Construction of solid pavements (e.g. groins, port, and seawalls); extracting/gathering of
sand and boulders; populated coastal areas; patchy and lesser coastal vegetation;
change in catch composition and low percentage of coral cover.

Barangay Luna has the lowest vulnerability in fisheries and coastal integrity because it is
located in the interior portion between Barangay Gomez and Cayetano which are part of
Municipality of Dinagat. Its geographic location makes it less exposed to wave, wind and
storm surges impacts. Other factors that attributed for overall low vulnerability of

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barangay Luna both coastal and Fishery ecosystems are: 1.) presence of three (3) types of
habitats (coral reef, Seagrasses and mangroves); no infrastructure along the coastal
areas; less populated coastal and having a beach composition of sandy muddy
combination which is crucial for plant to grow.

Wilson and Matingbe have medium vulnerability in coastal integrity and have Low to
medium Vulnerability in fisheries ecosystem.

With this VA result, propose actions for coastal barangays under different priorities base on
the level of urgency and capacity were carried out. These actions were acquired from
the LGU’s representative (MAO and MENRO) and barangay officials who were present
during VATCE workshop and FGD. Listed below are the actions and recommendations
base on their priority level.

Priority 1:

 Provision of Livelihood Programs

 Creation of Melgar Bay Conservation and Development Task Force
 Enactment of Municipal Ordinance Regulating Fishery Products Prices
 Enactment of Municipal Ordinance Prohibiting cutting of Mangroves
 Conduct mangrove planting/replanting to the potential areas every year
 Conduct IEC for the Awareness of Community the Importance of Coastal Ecosystem

Priority 2:

 Establishment of Luna Mangrove Eco-Park

 Enactment of Municipal Ordinance Prohibiting Sand-Quarrying along Beach Seashore

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Fig. 1. Location Map

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Fig. 2. Coastal Resource Map

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I. Introduction
The Philippine archipelago consists of more than 7 100 islands located in the
western Pacific and has 17 460 km coastline and a territorial waters (including the
Exclusive Economic Zone) covering about 2.2 million km 2 (Barut et al., 2003). The
Philippine coastline is considered as one of the longest coastline in the world but
the country’s coastal environment is being degraded by the variety of uncontrolled
human activities such as illegal and improper shoreline development,
overexploitation of fisheries and destructive fishing methods (White et al, 2006) thus
affecting the condition of coastal environment and habitats.

Philippine is endowed with almost 27,000 square kilometers of coral reefs but only
five (5%) percent of it has excellent condition (Gomez et al., 1994) while others are
under threat from siltation and destructive fishing (Yap and Gomez 1985). Coral
reef ecosystem provides a natural protection to shoreline from waves and storm,
provide shelter to a variety of fish and promote fish recruitment.

The country has 16 species of seagrass (Fortes, 1995). Seagrass habitats has
ecological functions such as providing nurseries for aquatic species, exports
nutrients to adjacent habitats and reduce the impact of siltation by promoting
settlement of water-borne silt (Barut et al., 2003). But just like any other habitat
seagrass communities also shows increasing signs of degradation caused by
continuous siltation, pollution, eutrophication, weather and climate change.

Mangrove communities are essential component of coastal ecosystem. They

stabilize land from erosion, prevent flood, absorb organic waste and provide
habitats for both estuarine fish and terrestrial animal. The conversion of mangrove
communities to fishponds or cutting it for any purpose resulted to increasing loss of
mangroves. There are 450,000 hectares of mangroves recorded in 1918 but the
mangrove cover sank to 140,000 hectares in 1988. From 1981 to 1970, the average
mangrove lost every year is 3,100 hectares, increasing to about 8,200 hectares
annually from 1970 t0 1988 (White & Trinidad, 1998).

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The Sustainable Coral Reef Ecosystem Management Program (SCREMP), is a
national program implemented by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources 2012-2020) in pursuant to Republic Act No. 7586 (NIPAS Law) and in
supports to Executive Order No. 797, series of 2009 and Executive Order No. 533
series of 2006. The said program aims to: implement sustainable management of
coastal and marine resources through resource and habitat conservation,
protection and rehabilitation; contribute to food security and improve human
well-being of the coastal communities; promote public awareness, and instill
social and environmental consciousness on the value of coral reefs and
associated coastal and marine ecosystems, especially on mitigating the effects
of climate change; enhance the formation of positive values among the youth
and other partners through shared responsible in sustainable management of
coastal and marine resources and habitats; and develop sustainable financing
mechanisms through the establishment of system of payment for ecosystem
services. SCREMP has five (5) major components which include: Habitat
Vulnerability Assessment, Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Protection, Social
Mobilization and Development, Marine Protected Area (MPAs) Establishment,
Strengthening and Networking and Sustainable Livelihood Interventions.

One of the SCREMP’s program components is the Habitat Vulnerability

Assessment wherein the target areas are the coastal barangays of San Jose
Municipality.

Vulnerability Assessment (VA)

is the degree to which a
system is susceptible to, or
unable to cope up with the
effect of climate change
including the degree of the
exposure, sensitivity and
adaptive capacity to climate
Fig.3 Vulnerability as a function of Exposure, Sensitivity,
change hazard (MERF 2013, and Adaptive Capacity (MERF, 2013

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 VA guidebook). The assessment entails analysis of the physical environmental
condition and changes made by natural impact (e.g. sea level rise, wave and
surges, typhoons) to the coastal and habitat ecosystems and the effect to the
community as well. VA has three components, exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive
capacity. The integration of the three (3) components yields a measurement of
the assessed area to low, medium and high vulnerability both coastal and fishery
ecosystem (Figure 3).

II. Objectives

 To determine the measure of vulnerability of the coast of San Jose Municipality to

climate change hazard.
 To determine the measure of vulnerability of the coastal fisheries of San Jose
Municipality
 To identify adaptation strategies.

III. Scope and Limitations

For this VA, the unit of assessment is on a barangay level. A total of eight (8) coastal
barangays of the municipality of San Jose, PDI were subjected for this assessment.

The data used are from the PCRA-2013, CLUP-2009 and Barangay Profile (some data are
not updated). Technical personnel are newly trained for this VA activity.

IV. Methodology

Pre-VA
Necessary preparation were made before the actual conduct of the VA, these includes:

 Conduct of orientation about SCREMP to concerned stakeholder. The activity

was held on February 10, 2015 at SJKABITAK, Don Ruben, San Jose, PDI and
attended by 30 participants coming from LGU-MAO, BFAR, BLGU, and DENR-
PENRO.
 Gathering of secondary data such as Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
(PCRA) Report, Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP, 2009), and Barangay
Profiles

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  Conduct of Automated Rapid Reef Assessment (ARRAS) & Beach Profiling
seminar/workshop on June 15-19, 2015 at SJKABITAK, Don Ruben, San Jose, PDI.
 Conduct of Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
 Distribution of survey questionnaires for TURF (See Annex C for the form)
 Attendance to Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem (VATCE)
Seminar on July 20-24, 2015 at Amontay, Nasipit. The activity aimed to provide
field staff with knowledge and skills on how to conduct the VA.

VA
 The actual assessment was made through a seminar-workshop on VATCE conducted
on September 17-18, 2015 at Brgy. Tag-abaca, Basilisa, PDI. The activity was
participated by fishermen, barangay officials and Municipal LGU’s representatives.
The objective of the activity is to introduce the Coastal VA Tools to local stakeholders
and involve them in the actual process of conducting the VA. The participants were
taught on how to score the criteria of processing the measurement of the coastal
ecosystems subject to different climatic factors including sea level rise, sea surface
temperature, rainfall and wave and storm surge.
The two VA Tools used are Coastal Integrity Vulnerability Assessment Tool (CIVAT) and
Tools for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (TURF).

CIVAT
Coastal Integrity Assessment Tool (CIVAT) measures the vulnerability of the physical
coast by analyzing natural and anthropogenic factors driving beach processes
(MERF, 2013). It is one of the primary tools which had been developed for coastal
based ecosystems in various factors of sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity.

This is designed to promote the ecosystem based management of the coast which is
defined here as the zone delineated by sea cliffs, marine terraces or sand dunes on its
landward limit that extends to shoreface, or a depth at which there is a little transport
of sediments by wave action. On this definition, this zone encompasses the three
types of habitat such as mangroves, seagrasses and coral reef which have great
significant sources of beach sediments and effective wave attenuators.

The Vulnerability of the coastline will be determined by scoring the given criteria
basing on actual site observation, workshop, focus group discussion and from key
informants during site validation. Scoring will be rated as: 1-2 = low; 3-4=medium; and
5=high.

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Scoring and Calculating Vulnerability Values

A scoring matrices for CIVAT were used to evaluate variables relating to Sensitivity
and Adaptive Capacity. As to the Exposure variable a proxy was used, i.e orientation
of wave exposure to the particular during seasonal changes or when there is typhoon.
It is an option suggested by the developer since the data for the other variables are
not available.

Each variable is assigned a relative score between 1 and 5, corresponding to low (1-
2), medium (3-4) and high (5), based on the magnitude of their contribution to
physical changes on the coast in relation to wave and sea level rise. Aggregate
scores obtained respectively for the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity
components were then re-scaled into low-medium-high (L-M-H). The range of scores
for rescaling depends on the difference between the highest and the lowest scores
possible. For example, if the number of criteria is 5, then the highest score that can be
obtained is 25 (or 5 x 5) whereas the lowest score possible is 5 (i.e., 1 x 5) for each
component. The difference between the highest and lowest scores is then divided
into three equal parts for the L-M-H assignment. With rescaling to L-M-H for each
component, the concern about the unequal number of criteria for each component
is somewhat addressed.

TURF

Tools for Understanding the Resilience of Fisheries (TURF) are a tool for assessing the
climate change vulnerability of coastal fisheries (MERF, 2013). It utilizes information
that is readily available and easy to generate hence it is considered effective and
practical. It is the first step assessment in identifying priority areas with site specific
adaptation measures.

The framework for TURF is consistent with the definition proposed by the IPCC (2001)
where it states that Vulnerability is a function of Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive
Capacity. The tool is divided into three subcomponents namely: fisheries aspect, reef

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ecosystem features, and socio- economic attributes. Each of these subcomponents
incorporates variables relevant in evaluating Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity.

Scoring and Calculating Vulnerability Values

A scoring matrices for CIVAT were used to evaluate variables relating to Sensitivity
and Adaptive Capacity. As to the Exposure variable a proxy was used, i.e orientation
of wave exposure to the particular during seasonal changes or when there is typhoon.
It is an option suggested by the developer since the data for the other variables are
not available.

Each variable is assigned a relative score between 1 and 5, corresponding to low (1-
2), medium (3-4) and high (5).

Re-scaling scores to correspond to Low, Medium, or High: The scores obtained for
Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity are translated into a rank system where point class
intervals correspond to Low, Medium, or High. The point class interval for each rank will
vary depending on the total number of criteria considered in each Sensitivity or
Adaptive Capacity matrix. (fig. 4)

Fig. 4. Point class intervals and corresponding rank classification (photo credit to MERF, 2013

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Cross-tabulation between Sensitivity and Exposure for Potential Impact:
In keeping with the Vulnerability
framework, the Sensitivity rank is
integrated with that of Exposure to
arrive at a measurement for Potential
Impact. This is done through a cross-
tabulation approach, which is also
used in the Coastal Integrity VA Tool
(fig. 5). A measurement for Potential
Impact is obtained for all three Fig.5. cross tabulation for Potential Impact.(photo credit to
MERF,2013)
components.

Cross-tabulation between Potential Impact and Adaptive Capacity for Vulnerability:

Finally, cross-tabulate the resulting
Potential Impact with the
Adaptive Capacity rank to obtain the
Vulnerability for each tool component
Users should be able to generate three
Vulnerability measurements: one for the
fisheries aspect, another for the reef
Fig. 6. cross tabulation for Vulnerability.(photo credit to
ecosystem (habitat) features, and still MERF,2013)
another for the socioeconomic attributes
(fig. 6).

When a Vulnerability measurement has been obtained for each of the tool
components, these are integrated for the overall fisheries Vulnerability.

Individual Vulnerability ranks were then collated in such a way that the first letter
corresponds to the vulnerability rank obtained for the fisheries component, the
second letter to the reef ecosystem component, and the third to the socio-
economic component. Users should be able to generate a three-letter combination
representing each of the components and their derived Vulnerability rank. There
are 27 possible combinations.

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Match the resulting three-letter
combination with its corresponding
Vulnerability rank using the guide table
(Figure 7).The color of the cell will give

you the resulting Vulnerability:

Green = Low; Yellow = Moderate;

Fig. 7. Guide to determining Vulnerability integration of TURF
Red = High. components (photo credit to MERF, 2013)

Analysis and interpretation follows.

Post-VA
Based on the result of VA, adaptation strategies were identified through a
workshop exercise and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) during the seminar-workshop
on VATCE held at Brgy. Tag-abaca, Basilisa, PDI on September 17-18, 2015.

Adaptation strategies/actions are identified using the information from the VA. This
was done through a workshop exercise during the last day of the VATCE
Seminar/Workshop held on September 17-18, 2015 at Brgy. Tag-abaca, Basilisa, PDI.
Participants proposed activities/action most relevant to variables with high
vulnerabilities. The actions were then evaluated according to whether they address
urgent needs and if there is capacity for effective implementation. The relative
Urgency or need for each action is gauged by assigning scores from 1 to 3 are also
designated, where “3” similarly expresses the highest level of capacity.

The actions were then visualized

on an inter-relational diagram or
matrix where their score for
Urgency (X-axis) are plotted
against their score for level of
operational capacity (Y-axis)
(Figure 8). The plot reveals priority
actions, i.e actions with highest Fig. 8. Urgency X Capacity inter-relational diagram (or
matrix)

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 urgency and can be implemented at highest capacity are considered Priority 1
(upper right quadrat); actions addressing an urgent need, but whose
implementation is challenged by low capacity are Priority 2 (lower right quadrat);
actions that may be implemented with high capacity and target relatively less
urgent need are Priority 3 (upper left quadrant); and actions whose results are
impeded by low implementation capacity, but address relatively less urgent need
are Priority 4 (lower left quadrant) (Figure 8).

V. Results and Interpretation

V.1. Vulnerability Assessment of the Coast of San Jose, Dinagat Islands Using
CIVAT

Exposure

Exposure is quantitatively describing the sensitivity of the condition of the physical

environment, which drive changes in the state or condition of bio-physical systems. It
is also a projection values which can input into the analysis of different impact of
seasonal condition such as predominant winds or strong typhoon (MERF, 2013. VA
guidebook).

For this criterion, a proxy variable for wave exposure is used which is the orientation of
the coast to predominant wind.

Dinagat province has two distinct monsoon seasons called Southwest monsoon
“habagat” and Northeast monsoon “amihan”. The municipality of San Jose is
situated at the southwestern side of the Province of Dinagat Islands which is more
exposed to wave impacts brought about by southwest monsoon.

Out of eight (8) coastal barangays, five (5) barangays namely Sta. Cruz, Don Ruben,
San Juan, Poblacion and Jacques scored high for exposure since the area
experienced direct impact of wave and strong winds during “habagat” or when
there is typhoon.

Barangay Wilson and Matingbe have a moderate impact of wave and wind
exposures for the reason that these barangays are slightly protected by islet and
mangrove forest. Besides, the bay configuration of the place sheltered the two
barangays from direct impact of strong storms or waves whether habagat and
amihan season.

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Barangay Luna is the most sheltered barangay because it is covered with mangrove
forest and bay configuration of the coastal areas. The place is totally protected from
any impact of strong winds and typhoon both amihan and habagat monsoon
(Figure 9.).

Fig.9. Exposure Map

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Sensitivity

Sensitivity is the degree to which a rise in sea level or storm surge would initiate or
accelerate changes such as coastal retreat and beach erosion (MERF, 2013).
It is also a bio-physical attributes of the coast that predispose to erosion and
inundation as a result of stronger waves and higher sea levels, and are grouped into
intrinsic and extrinsic variables.

The intrinsic sensitivity variable such as shoreline trends, coastal slope as well as
exposure criteria gives an indication of the susceptibility of the coast to marine
flooding and erosion. The inclusion of natural coastal habitats such as coral reefs,
seagrasses, and mangroves are significant for maintaining the stability of the coast
as wave buffers, and sediment source and/or stabilizer.

The Extrinsic factors in the sensitivity criteria that have direct effects on coastal
stability include beach mining and structures on the foreshore (e.g., groins and
seawalls), which can exacerbate natural erosional processes due to the direct
removal of sediments, and disruption of coastal processes such as longshore
transport.

The result of the assessment on the sensitivity

component (table 1) shows that Barangay
Sta. Cruz is highly sensitive to impacts of
climate change. This is primarily due to
having a beach composition of flat sandy
carbonates source; less and patchy beach
forest vegetation; presence of offshore
mining (sand quarrying) activities and
presence of coastal structures (groins)(figure
10). In terms also of coastal habitat,
Fig. 10. Construction of groins at Brgy. Sta.
barangay Sta. Cruz has only two types: the Cruz
coral reef and seagrasses.

The seven (7) barangays on the other hand have recorded medium sensitivity.

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Table 1. CIVAT Sensitivity criteria scoring for eight (8) barangays

LOW MEDIUM HIGH DON

SENSITIVITY CRITERIA WILSON STA. CRUZ POBLACION JACQUEZ MATINGBE LUNA
(1-2) (3-4) 5 RUBEN SAN JUAN
1 Coastal landform and rock type Rocky, cliffed Low cliffed (˂ 5m Sandy beaches;
coast, beach high); cobble/gravel deltas; mud/
rock beaches; alluvial sandflat 3 5 3 2 2 2 3 3
plains; fringed by
mangroves

Net accretion Stable Net erosion 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 1

2 Seasonal beach recovery
3 Slope from the shoreline to 20-m
elevation (landward slope; > 1:50 1:50-1:200 ˂1:200 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
rise over run)
4 Width of reef flat or shore > 100 [50, 100] ˂ 50
2 3 5 4 1 4 1 5
platform (m)
5 Beach forest/vegetation Continuous, Continuous, Very patchy to
and thick with and thin with none
4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3
many creeping many creeping
variety variety
6 Lateral continuity of reef flat or > 50% [10-50] ˂ 10%
4 1 1 1 1 1 3 5
shore flatform
7 Coastal habitats Coral reef, Either coral reef or none
mangrove, and mangrove is
seagrasses or present
2 3 2 3 3 3 1 1
coral reef and
mangroves are
present
8 Coastal and offshore mining None to negligible Consumption for HH Commercial scale
(includes removal of fossilized amount of sediment use
5 5 3 4 1 1 4 1
corals on the finging reef and beach) being removed
(i.e sand and items)
as souvenir pebble 5 1 5 1 5 1
9 Structures on the foreshore None; one or two Short groins and short Groins and solid based
short groins (i.e <5m solid-based pier (5 to 10m pier >10m long; sea-
long) and or few long); seawalls and pro- walls and other proper-
5 5 5 1 5 1 5 1
properties on the perties with aggregate ties with aggregate
assessment with no length of less than 10% length of more than
apparent shoreline of the shoreline length of 10% of the shoreline
modification the barangay length of the barangay

TOTAL 29 34 29 27 28 23 30 23

LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH

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Adaptive Capacity

Adaptive capacity refers to the ability or capacity of a system to cope with the
changes in climate. For coastal integrity, a good descriptor of adaptive capacity is
the ability of the coast to maintain sufficient sediment supply that can offset land loss
or erosion, and enable the coast to keep up with sea level rise. The role of coastal
habitats such as coral reef, seagrasses and mangroves as sediment source and trap
is particularly significant for maintaining the resilience of coastal ecosystem against
the impact of climate change.

The result of the assessment shows that all barangays have medium to low adaptive
capacity in terms of habitat viability, which is measured by percentage cover of live
corals and species type for seagrass and mangrove. Based on the PCRA conducted
in 2013, all coastal barangays have percentage coral reef cover of less than 50%,
hence a score of medium to low adaptive capacity.

As to the viability of seagrass as sediment source, Barangay Poblacion, Jacques and

Luna have low adaptive capacity. The seagrass communities of these barangays are
dominated with Enhalus and Thalassia species (PCRA, 2013). These species takes
several years to recover once affected by physical impact.

Out of eight (8) coastal barangays only three (3) barangays namely: Wilson,
Matingbe and Luna have mangrove covers which are dominated by Rhizophora
spp. (PCRA, 2013). Rhizophora species is characterized by widely spaced roots (prop
roots) which have lesser capability to trap sediment compared to pneumatophore
type of species like Avicennia and
Sonneratia.

Man-made structures influence the ability

of the system to transport sediment to a
coastal segment. Hence, the extent to
which the structure interferes with the local
and regional sediment drift is included as a
variable of adaptive capacity in terms of
Fig. 11. Structural development in five (5)
continuity of sediment supply. The Barangays.

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 guidelines on coastal structure and coastal development are considered important
in assessing the coastal environment resiliency. Based on the result of the assessment,
Barangays Wilson, Sta. Cruz, San Juan, Poblacion and Jacquez have medium
adaptive capacity considering the presence of coastal structures such as groins,
seawalls and ports (Figure 11). This is further attributed to lack of provisional
guidelines on setback zone in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP).

Table 2. CIVAT Adaptive capacity criteria scoring for eight (8) barangays

LOW MEDIUM HIGH DON SAN

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY CRITERIA WILSON STA. CRUZ POBLACION JACQUEZ MATINGBE LUNA
RUBEN JUAN
(1-2) (3-4) 5
Long term shoreline trends
2 2 2 2 2 3 1 4
1 (m/yr) < - 1 (eroding) (-1,0) >0 (accreting)
2 if interruption of if interruption of If sediment supply is
Continuity of sediment supply sediment supply is sediment supply is uninterrupted 3 3 5 4 3 5 4 5
regional localized
Guidelines regarding the No provision for

3 easement Setback policy is clearly Implementation of

(setback zone) easement stated in the CLUP and setback policy is at 1 1 5 2 5 2 5 1
(setback zone) in the zoning guidelines; with least 50%
CLUP and zoning < 50% inplementation
guidelines
4 Guidelines on coastal structure CLUP and zoning Clearly states the prefe- Prohibits construction
guidelines promotes rence for semi-permanent of solid-based struc-
the construction of or temporary structures tures; for those already
permanent and solid- to be built along the coast erected, CLUP/zoning
based structures (e.g., made of light ma- guidelines has pro-
3 4 2 3 2 5 2 3
along the coast terials and on stilts) is in vision to remove or
the CLUP guidelines modify any structure
causing obstruction
and coastal modifica-
tion
5 Type of coastal development Industrial, commer- Residential Agricultural, open
cial, highways, large space, greenbelt 3 4 2 3 2 3 4 5
institutional facility
6 Vialbility of coral reef as sediment
source less than 25% between 25 to 50% over 50% 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2
Living coral cover
7 Viability of seagrass as sediment
source
4 4 3 4 3 2 4 2
Capacity to recover from storm Enhalus - Thalassia Thalassia-Cymodocea- Halophila-Halodule
blow-outs dominated Halodule dominated dominated
8 Viability of mangrove as sediment Area is dominated by At least half of the At least half of the
trap species with prop mangrove area are mangrove area are
Capacity to trap sediments (Rhizophora) or dominated by species Avicennia-Sonneratia
buttress/plank with pneumatophore dominated 3 1 2 2 1 1 4 4
(Xylocarpus granatum, (Avicennia, Sonneratia)
Heritiera littoralis) type and knee root (Bruguira
of root system Ceriops tagal) systems
2.5 1 1 1 1 1 3.5 4
9 Viability of mangrove as wave buffer Average for items 9.1 to 9.2
9.1 Mangrove canopy cover mangrove area with mangrove area with mangrove area with
less than 25% canopy canopy cover that is bet- over 50% canopy 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 3
cover ween 25% to 50% cover
9.2 Mangrove basal area Avr height below Avr height 4-6 Avr height more
2 1 1 1 1 1 3 5
4 meters meters than 6 meters

TOTAL 23.5 23 24 23 23 24 29.5 30

RATING (Low, Medium, High) MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM

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Potential Impact

The degree of potential impact

per barangay is generated by
cross-tabulating the sensitivity
component and exposure
component as shown in figure 12.

Table 3 (below) shows the

potential impact of the assessed
barangays. Barangay luna has
low exposure and medium Fig. 12. Cross-tabulation for Potential Impact
sensitivity resulting in low Potential
Impact.

On the other hand, Barangay Sta. Cruz, Don Ruben, San Juan, Poblacion, Jacques
have sensitivity score ranging from medium to high and high exposure rating resulting
to high Potential Impact.

The rest of the barangays have medium Potial Impact.

Table 3. Calculated Potential Impact per Barangay

Barangay Exposure Sensitivity Potential Impact

Wilson

Sta. Cruz

Don Ruben

San Juan

Poblacion

Jacques

Matingbe

Luna

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Table 4 shows the overall vulnerability of the coastal barangays assessed in the
municipality of San Jose. Barangay Luna has the lowest vulnerability. The said
barangay is located in the interior portion between Barangay Gomez and Cayetano
which are part of Municipality of Dinagat (Figure13, left). Its geographic location
makes it less exposed to wave, wind and storm surges impacts. While it scored
medium for sensitivity, its overall potential impact is still low because of its low score
on exposure. In terms of adaptive capacity, Barangay Luna scored medium resulting
to low vulnerability rating.

Based on the PCRA (2013), Barangay Luna has excellent mangrove cover. It also has
seagrass and coral habitats. In addition, there are no infrastructure developments
along the foreshore.

Five (5) barangays namely: barangay Sta. Cruz, Don Ruben, San Juan, Poblacion
and Jacques scored high in the overall vulnerability rating. These barangays are
directly exposed to wind and wave impacts due to its geographic location (Figure
13, right).

Barangay Sta. Cruz scored high in the sensitivity component while the rest are
medium. When sensitivity is cross-tabulated with exposure the rating for potential
impact is high for all five (5) barangays. In terms of adaptive capacity all five (5)
barangays scored medium resulting to high vulnerability rating.

Fig. 13. Geographic Location of Barangay Luna (left) and Geographic Location of Highly Vulnerable Barangays (right)

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Barangay Sta. Cruz is the only barangay having
flat sandy composition among the five vulnerable
coastal areas. Presence of scarp and uprooted Scarp
coconut trees (Figure 14) indicates that the beach
were eroded and affected by wave impact
(Beach profiling, 2015).

Other factors that affect the coastal integrity of

the said barangays include structural
Fig. 14 Scarp and uprooted coconut tree at
development (ports, seawall, establishment
Barangay Sta. Cruz
facilities (e.g. public market) groins and
reclamation) collection/gathering of sand and coral boulders used for infrastructure
development and absence of guidelines or policies on setbacks in the CLUP.

The rest of the Barangays scored medium in the overall vulnerability.

Table 4. OVERALL VULNERABILITY

Barangay Exposure Sensitivity Potential Adaptive Overall

Impact Capacity Vulnerability

Wilson

Sta. Cruz

Don Ruben

San Juan

Poblacion

Jacques

Matingbe

Luna

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Fig. 15. Vulnerability map:

Page | 23
VA- TURF

Fisheries-Sensitivity

Barangay Sta. Cruz and Poblacion have low sensitivity (table 5) on fishery aspect. This
is due to the predominant catch composition which is pelagic fishes (e.g. mackerel,
caranx) (figure 16).

Pelagic fishes (e.g. Caranx, Tuna) are highly

mobile and migratory in the pelagic realm that it
would be less likely that they will be affected by
wave impacts. Besides, these kinds of fishes are
not dependent on the coral reef areas. They will
migrate from one place to another in search for
food. It also has a high market value that is
attractive to most fishermen. Presence of these
species lessens the impact on coral reefs since
fishing gears used will not touch the bottom area.

The rest of the barangays scored medium on

sensitivity of Fishery aspect.
Fig. 16. Caranx and Tuna (e.g. Pelagic fishes)

Table 5. TURF– Sensitivity/Fisheries criteria scoring for eight (8) Barangays

VARIABLE LOW MEDIUM HIGH
WILSON STA. CRUZ DON RUBEN SAN JUAN POBLACION JACQUEZ MATINGBE LUNA
(1-2) (3-4) (5)
I. FISHERIES
Catch is largely
comprised of
demersal fishes
that are mostly
Catch composition of
Catch composition is associated with
gears is predominantly of
a mixture of pelagic nearshore 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
pelagic types (e.g. tuna,
and demersal fishes. habitats (e.g.
mackerel, roundscad)
Dominant coral reefs,
1 catch seagrass beds
composition and mangrove
areas.) 4
These fish taxa are highly
While pelagic fishes
mobile and migratory in These habitats
are less impacted by
the pelagic realm that it are highly
waves the demersal
would be less likely that vulnerable to
species are more
they will be affected by wave impacts.
vulnerable.
wave impacts.

Average catch rate is

Average catch rate is Average catch
greater than 3 but
2 Catch Rate greater than 8 rate is less than 3 4 2 3 2 2 3 3
less than 8
kg/fisher/day kg/fisher/day
kg/fisher/day
3
Fishing gears are mostly Predominance of
of mobile type such as habitat-
Gear Presence of both
variants of small-sized dependent or
3 dependence mobile and stationary 3 2 3 3 2 3 3
and large-sized gill nets, stationary gears
on habitats type of gears
and lines used at offshore (e.g. fyke nets,
waters traps, fish 2
Fisheries I TOTAL 9 6 8 8 7 9 9 9
RATING (Low, Medium or High) MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM

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Ecosystem-Sensitivity

Table 7 shows that barangay Sta. Cruz, Don Ruben, San Juan, Poblacion, Matingbe
and Luna have high sensitivity rating and two (2) barangays namely: Wilson and
Jacques are medium in overall sensitivity in terms of ecosystem components.
Variables used to measure sensitivity under the ecosystem component includes
abundance of exposure (wave) tolerant reef fish species relative to total abundance
of the community structure and reef habitat quality.

Based on the PCRA result conducted last 2013, barangay Wilson and Jacques have
high abundance of wave tolerant species (Butterfly and Wrasse fishes) relative to
total abundance of the community structure which indicates low sensitivity (table 6).
Fishes that are highly active and mobile (wave tolerant species) are able to
withstand wave turbulence than smaller fishes not accustomed to high wave energy
environments.

Table 6. Fish Abundance of Wave Tolerant Species (PCRA, 2013)

Don
FAMILY Wilson Sta. Cruz San Juan Poblacion Jacques Matingbe Luna
Ruben
Apogonidae ( Moong) 5 100 0 0 210 0 200 60
Chaetodontidae ( Butterfly) 18 8 0 0 1 5 86 9
Labridae ( wrasse) 187 36 0 66 52 25 26 16
Plotosidae (sapsap) 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
Pomacentridae ( damsel/ palata) 92 3,115 2 198 1,023 5 301 124
Serranidae ( Grouper ) 10 8 0 95 69 0 626 4
Theraponidae ( Bugaong ) 21 5 0 8 425 1 21 3
Total of individualFish Count 337 3272 0 367 1780 36 1260 316
Total wave tolerant fishes
(Wrasse & Butterfly) 205 44 0 66 53 30 112 25
Abundance of wave tolerant
60 1.3 0 17.9 2.97 83.33 1.98 7.9
fishes %
Extracted from PCRA, 2013
result

As to reef habitat quality, only two barangays scored medium sensitivity namely:
barangay Sta. Cruz and Poblacion. Based on PCRA, 2013, the highest percentage
cover of live coral is located in barangay poblacion which is 30.76% and barangay
Sta. Cruz 25.15%. Other barangays have less than 25% of coral cover. This indicates
that the extent of coral reef is fair to poor condition resulting into high sensitivity
score.

The condition and the extent of reef habitats influence the abundance and diversity
and population size of reef fishes. Spacious habitats provide shelter for coral
dependent fishes (e.g. Grouper, Sweetlips) to regenerate or to increase their
numbers. fishes such as Wrasse, butterfly and Parrot fish or other pectoral swimmer

Page | 25
species are also known as wave tolerance fishes as they are not attach to the
bottom. But this fishes are still considered as coral dependent fishes. When a certain
area are dominated with pectoral swimmer fishes, it deteremines that the coral
cover are in good condition.

Low percentage of coral cover or less contigous reefs likely harbour fewer species
and low abundance of fish population.

Table 7. TURF –Sensitivity/ Ecosystem criteria scoring for eight (8) Barangays
VARIABLE LOW MEDIUM HIGH SITES SCORES (# of sites may vary)
DON POBLACIO
(1-2) (3-4) (5) WILSON STA. CRUZ SAN JUAN JACQUES MATINGBE LUNA
RUBEN N
II. ECOSYSTEM
High abundance of Mix of mobile, Low abundance of wave-
Abundance of wave-tolerant reef wave-tolerant and tolerant species and
exposure (wave) fish species such as site-attached reef preponderance of other
tolerant reef fish wrasses, fusiliers, fish species site-attached fish families
1 species relative to and some (Chaetodontids, 2 5 5 4 5 2 5 5
total abundance of butterflyfish relative Pomacentrids,
the community to the total species Pomacanthids) not adapted
structure abundance to high wave energy
environments

Coral cover is greater Coral cover of the

than 50% (e.g. Gomez site is between 25% Coral cover is less than 25%.
Reef habitat et al 1981) or along and 50%. There are There are more gaps
3 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 5
quality stretch of the coast is gaps and channels relative to the total area of
lined with fringing along the stretch of the reef
reefs the reef front

Ecosystem I TOTAL 7 8 10 9 8 7 10 10

RATING (Low, Medium or High) M H H H H M H H

Socio economic

Table 8 shows that barangay Wilson has low sensitivity score in socio economic
aspect due to lesser dependency or less than 15% of the people living in the coastal
barangay are not dependent in the fishery resources (workshop output).
Nevertheless, barangay Don Ruben has high sensitivity rating for the reason that most
of the people living in the said barangay are dependent in fishery resources. The rest
of the barangays have medium scores in socio economic feature.

Most likely the coastal barangay assessed were nearly too crowded or already
populated. But most of the people living in the coastal community are not
dependent in coastal resources particularly in fishing. They have other sources of
income such as business, “habalhabal” driver, working in government and non -
government services and agriculture.

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Table 8. TURF – Sensitivity/ Socio-economic criteria scoring for eight (8) barangays
VARIABLE LOW MEDIUM HIGH SITES SCORES (# of sites may vary)
DON POBLACIO
(1-2) (3-4) (5) WILSON STA. CRUZ SAN JUAN JACQUES MATINGBE LUNA
RUBEN N
III. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
Population of less 200-400 persons per Greater than 500 persons
than 200 per square square kilometer per square kilometer; very
1 Population Density kilometer in a fishing crowded 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4
village/town; not
crowded
Greater than 25% Majority in the adult
Around one-fourth
Fisheries up to 50% of the population (> 50%) are full-
(25%) or less of the
2 ecosystem adult population time fishers 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
adult population are
dependency are full-time fishers
full-time fishers

Socio-economic I TOTAL 4 7 8 6 6 6 6 5

RATING (Low, Medium or High) L M H M M M M M

Adaptive Capacity

Fisheries

Table 9 shows that all assessed barangays have medium adaptive capacity in fishery
aspect. The factor that affects the adaptive capacity is the change in catch
composition. There is an observed change in catch composition on the past years
which resulted to lesser fish diversity. Accordingly, several species of fishes that the
fishermen caught in the past years are no longer seen presently. The output was
based on the observation given by the participants during VATCE workshop and
FGD.

The intensity of sizes on fishing affects the abundance of reproductive output. The
possible implication in the reduction of the fish abundance is the decrease of
sexually mature adults (spawning individuals) which are generally targeted due to
their larger size. The area with substantial numbers of large, likely spawning,
individuals will have a higher adaptive capacity than those with fewer spawners.

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Table 9. TURF- Adaptive Capacity/ Fisheries criteria scoring for eight (8) Barangays
VARIABLE LOW MEDIUM HIGH SITES SCORES (# of sites may vary)
(1-2) (3-4) (5) WILSONSTA. CRUZ
DON RUBEN
SAN JUAN
POBLACIONJACQUES MATINGBE LUNA
I. FISHERIES
Considerable change
in the last two
Change in decades (e.g. Very minimal
dominant catch Few changes
catch change in the
1 in the last two 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
compositio replaced; loss of last two
decades
n previously common decades
fishes; etc.)

Small, immature
Size and Mix of small Most catches
fishes are abundant;
2 amount of and large are large, 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4
few large spawners
fish caught fishes mature fishes
caught

Peak Large pulses of

Observed
occurrence juvenile
Absence of peak seasonality
of abundance
recruitment or but no large
juveniles during peak
3 minimal occurrence pulses of 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 5
or recruitment
of juveniles through recruitment;
presence period; fry
time; no fry fisheries minimal catch
of fry fisheries are
in fry fisheries
fisheries prominent

Large
Habitat contiguous
(for Patchy but habitats for
Small, fragmented
4 fishing) large habitats fishing such as 5 5 1 5 2 2 5 1
habitats for fishing
condition for fishing long fringing
and extent reefs relative to
coastline

Fisheries (TOTAL) 13 12 12 14 12 13 14 15

RATING (Low, Medium, or High) M M M M M M M M

Ecosystem:

Table 10 shows four (4) barangays namely: Wilson, Sta. Cruz, San Juan and Matingbe
have high adaptive capacity for reasons that the reef areas are large and spacious
and there are three types of habitats (Coral reef, Seagrasses and Mangroves)
presence in the coastal zone (PCRA, 2013).

The rest of the barangays have medium score in adaptive capacity in terms of
ecosystem aspect.

Spacious reefs harbor several targeted reef fish species that resulted in high adaptive
capacity. The large areas of coral reef habitat reflect the richness or high complexity
which would permit more available food and space as refuge for adults and as
settlement habitats for juveniles. Whereas, small reef areas has low adaptive
capacity as the habitats have only limited space for spawning and resulting into
migration of fishes to other areas.

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Table 10. TURF – Adaptive Capacity/ Ecosystem criteria scoring for eight (8)
Barangays
VARIABLE LOW MEDIUM HIGH
(1-2) (3-4) (5)
STA. DON SAN
WILSON POBLACION JACQUES MATINGBE LUNA
CRUZ RUBEN JUAN
II. ECOSYSTEM

Large
Patchy but contiguous reef
Extent of
Small, fragmented relatively habitats such as
1 reef 5 5 1 5 2 2 5 1
reef habitats large reef long fringing
habitats
habitats reefs relative to
coastline

Presence of Presence of 2
Absence of adjacent
one adjacent more adjacent
habitats or extreme
habitat (e.g. habitats (e.g.
Presence degradation of
coral reef, coral reefs,
2 of adjacent adjacent habitats 5 4 4 3 3 3 5 5
seagrass bed, seagrass bed, or
habitats (e.g. coral reefs,
or mangrove mangrove
seagrass beds,
forest) in good forest) in good
mangroves)
condition condition

10 9 5 8 5 5 10 6
Ecosystem TOTAL

H H M H M M H M
RATING (Low, Medium or High)

Socio-economic

Table 11 shows that all coastal barangays have high adaptive capacity. Based on
the trend diagram of PCRA (2013), the average annual income from fishing is Php 72,
000 per capita. This is way higher than the poverty threshold of the Province of
Surigao del Norte in 2012 which Php 20, 566.

Also except for Barangay Sta. Cruz all other barangays scored medium adaptive
capacity on the variables on proportion or percentage of fishers with other sources
of income.

An income that generate only in the fishery resources is potentially affected by

climate change stressor. It characterizes that the community which are more
dependent in fishing have low adaptive capacity. Whereas, a coastal community
with other sources of income has high adaptive capacity as they have an alternative
supplement in their livelihood rather than fishing.

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Table 11. TURF – Adaptive Capacity/ Socio-economic criteria scoring for eight (8)
Barangays

VARIABLE LOW MEDIUM HIGH SITES SCORES (# of sites may vary)

(1-2) (3-4) (5) WILSON STA. CRUZ DON RUBEN SAN JUAN POBLACION JACQUES MATINGBE LUNA
III. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
Per capita income is Income is higher Income is higher than 60%
Annual livelihood
below the provincial than the provincial of the provincial poverty
1 income from 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
poverty threshold poverty threshold threshold
fishing
up to 60%
Proportion or
Less than 40% of the 40-60% of the Greater than 60% of the
percentage of
2 fishers have other fishers have other fishers have other sources 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3
fishers with other
sources of income sources of income of income
sources of income

Socio-economic I TOTAL 8 7 8 9 8 8 8 8

RATING (Low, Medium or High) H M H H H H H H

TURF INTEGRATION

Same with CIVAT, Exposure and Potential Impact variables is used in calculating the
overall Vulnerability. In Exposure variable, a proxy was used, i.e, orientation of wave
exposure to the particular during seasonal changes or when there is typhoon. It is an
option suggested by the developer since the data for other variables are not
available. As for Potential Impact, it is the result by cross tabulation between
Exposure and Sensitivity variables.

Fishery Components

Table 12 shows the vulnerability measure of fishery components for all assessed
barangays. Three (3) barangays namely: Don Ruben, San Juan and Jacques have
high vulnerability score due to its geological position which is directly exposed to
wind and wave impacts. Exposure variables affect the potential impact as well as in
the adaptive capacity of fishes as it has significant in fish survival. A disturbed
environment has less diversity of fishes and low potential for regeneration of fishes.

Barangay Luna is the only barangay with low vulnerability as it is located in the
interior portion between Barangay Gomez and Cayetano which makes it less
exposed to wave, wind and storm surges impacts.

Fishes are classified in this assessment into two types: wave tolerant fishes (Pelagic
species) and site attached fishes (Demersal species). Wave tolerant fishes are low
sensitivity to wave impact with high adaptive capacity while site attached fishes are
highly sensitive and low adaptive capacity. But both types of fishes are still affected
to the condition of the environment.

Page | 30
The rest of the barangays has medium vulnerability in fishery components.

Table 12. Vulnerability measure of Fishery Component

Potential Adaptive
Barangay Exposure Sensitivity Vulnerability
Impact Capacity
Wilson
Sta. Cruz
Don Ruben
San Juan
Poblacion
Jacques
Matingbe
Luna

Ecosystem Components

Table 13 shows the Vulnerability measure of Ecosystem Components. Barangay Don

Ruben, Poblacion and Jacques have high vulnerability score due to high sensitivity
and high exposure variables resulting into high potential impact. The adaptive
capacity of the said barangays have medium rating compare to other barangay
with high adaptive capacity. This indicates that the extent of habitats in three (3)
barangays is small and fragmented with only two adjacent types (corals and
seagrass) are presence.

Barangay Wilson is the only barangay with low vulnerability rating due to high
adaptive capacity rating. The reasons are the presence of three (3) types of
habitats and large spacious areas for spawning and refuge for adult and juvenile
fishes. In terms of exposure, barangay Wilson is slightly exposed from direct impact of
wind and wave during Habagat monsoon due to its bay configuration that resulting
into medium potential impact.

The rest of the barangays have medium score in Ecosystem Components.

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 Table 13. Vulnerability measure of Ecosystem Component

Barangay Exposure Sensitivity Potential Impact Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability

Wilson

Sta. Cruz

Don Ruben

San Juan

Poblacion

Jacques

Matingbe
Luna

Socio-Economic Components

Table 14 shows the Vulnerability measures of Socio-Economic Components.

Barangay Sta. Cruz, Don Ruben, San Juan, Poblacion and Jacques have high
vulnerability rating for reason that the sensitivity variable have rating ranges from
medium to high. This indicates that the population densities of the said barangays
are crowded. This situation is likely considered as more dependent to fishery
resources that has significant impact to vulnerability in socio economic components.

Barangay Wilson, Matingbe, and Luna have low vulnerability due to high adaptive
capcity variables. This indicates that the population have other sources of income.
Based on the trend diagram of PCRA (2013), the average annual income from fishing
is Php 72, 000 per capita. This is way higher than the poverty threshold of the Province
of Surigao del Norte in 2012 which Php 20, 566.

It characterizes that the community which are more dependent in fishing have low
adaptive capacity. Whereas, a coastal community with other sources of income has
high adaptive capacity as they have an alternative supplement in their livelihood
rather than fishing.

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 Table 14. Vulnerability measure of Socio-Economic Component

Potential Adaptive
Barangay Exposure Sensitivity Vulnerability
Impact Capacity
Wilson
Sta. Cruz

Don Ruben
San Juan

Poblacion

Jacques

Matingbe
Luna

Overall vulnerability (TURF)

The result of the assessment in table 16 shows barangay Sta. Cruz, Don Ruben, San
Juan, Poblacion and Jacques have high vulnerable in overall impact to climate
change on the coastal fishery. There are several factors that attributed for the
vulnerability: 1.) The geological position of the said barangays are directly exposed
to wind and wave impacts. This condition has significant impact to fish survival. A
more disturbed environment will lessen the diversity and population of fishes; 2.) The
score for ecosystem components are range from medium to high rating. It indicates
that the habitats are patchy to low percentage cover and only two types are
presence (Corals and Seagrass). 3.) The Population density is greater than 500
persons per square kilometer (table 15). It points out that there are more dependent
on fishery resources in which the possibility to degrade the ecosystem is very high.

Table 15. Population (Density), source: NSO as of 2010

Wilson Sta. Cruz Don Ruben San Juan Poblacion Jacques Matingbe Luna Total
Total Population 1,846 2801 2225 2661 5079 1527 1284 1057 18,480
Total Area (km2) 5.96 1.21 0.72 0.1 0.26 0.09 1.67 3.32 13.33
Density 309.7315 2314.876 3090.278 26610 19534.62 16966.67 768.8623 318.3735 1386.34659

Page | 33
Barangay Matingbe and Luna have low vulnerability impact for the reason that this
barangay is slightly or totally protected from the impact of wave, wind and storm
surge. Also it has three (3) adjacent habitats (coral reef, Seagrasses, and
mangroves) (PCRA, 2013). Presence of these three (3) habitats provides shelter,
spawning ground, food and space as refuge for adults and juveniles fishes.

In addition, the coastal communities have other sources of income. Based on the
trend diagram of PCRA (2013), the average annual income from fishing is Php 72, 000
per capita. This indicates that there are only few dependents in fishery resources in
which the potential for recovery in fish ecosystem is high.

Only barangay Wilson has medium vulnerability.

Table16. OVERALL VULNERABILITY

Barangay Fisheries Ecosystem Socio-Economic Overall

Wilson MHL

Sta. Cruz MMH

Don Ruben HHH

San Juan HMH

Poblacion MHH

Jacques HHH

Matingbe MML

Luna LML

Page | 34
Fig. 17. Overall Vulnerability Map

Page | 35