Basics of Concrete

P SA SARAN
Pesipati.saran@accconcrete.com
Components of Concrete

Cement  Concrete

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Reasons for using Ready-Mixed
D
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S P A
R T L V B N I
E R E S E L A N

C
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N T S U X
C G I E A R P
L F N T A E
A U C I L N
B L E L S
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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Most widely used construction material
 More than one cubic meter per person per year

OR
 2.5 ton per person per Year

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Some Examples

The deepest
The tallest
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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Ready-Mixed Concrete

Sand
Gravel

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Concrete components

HUMAN
CONCRETE
BODY

COARSE
AGG. = SKELETON

FINE
AGG. = FAT

CEMENT.
MATERIAL = MUSCLE

WATER = BLOOD

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Composition of concrete

Materials ( volume % )

Gravel Sand Air Water Cemen

t
34 30 3 18 15

Cost ( % )

Gravel Sand Cement

20 21 59

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Properties of fresh concrete

 Workability
 Segregation
 Bleeding
 Heat of Hydration

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
 Properties of fresh concrete

 Workability
resistance to segregation
ease of placement
homogeneous mass

Consistency - Ability to flow (measured by Slump cone or

Vebe apparatus)

 Cohesiveness – describes the tendency to bleed or segregate

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
 Slump Test
4”

 Inverted cone
12”
 fill it up with three layers of
equal volume
8”

 rod each layer 25 times

 scrape off the surface

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Execution of Slump Test

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
 Hardened Concrete

 Concrete is normally sold by it’s Compressive Strength

 This is measured in MPa (N/mm2 )

 Typical strength range 10 to 60N/mm2

 Sold by volume (m3), produced by weight (Kg)

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Strength of Concrete

COMPRESSIVE

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Flexural Strength of Concrete

TENSILE

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Split Tensile Strength

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Concrete under various loads
 Concrete very rarely undergoes a crushing or
compression failure. Typically, tensile strains generated
in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the loading
direction) due to Poisson effect are responsible for
cracking leading to failure of concrete.

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
 Loading situations

Uniaxial compression
Biaxial compression
Compression and tension
Biaxial tension
Triaxial compression

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete
Uniaxial loading
 Failure planes in uniaxial compression are the planes of
principal tensile strains, which are parallel to the
direction of the applied load.

 In the case of uniaxial tensile loading, the failure plane

is again the plane of maximum principal strain, which in
this case is perpendicular to the applied load.

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Induction – Overview of ACC Concrete