HIV/Aids
people may experience a flu-like illness,
HIV- viral infection that progressively destroys
certain white blood cells in the immune system
called a T-helper cells, and makes copies of
itself inside these cells.
 T- helper cells also referred to as CD4
cells.
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
- also referred as advanced HIV infection
or late-stage HIV
- condition in humans in which
progressive failure of the immune
system allows life-threatening
opportunistic infections and cancer to
thrive.
WHERE DID HIV CAME FROM?
- A type of chimpanzee in Central Africa
(1800)
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
- Body’s defense against infectious
organisms and other invaders
- Collection of cells and substances (T and
B- lymphocytes, CD4 receptors)
- SOLDIERS of the body
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN HIV ENTERS THE BODY?
A. White cells fight off and kill any germs
which enter our body
B. When HIV enters the body, it attacks
the white cells called CD4
C. HIV multiplies and weakens the
immune system.
STAGES
Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection
- Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection,
which may last for a few weeks.
- This is the body’s natural response to
infection
Stage 2: Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or
dormancy)
- Sometimes called asymptomatic HIV
infection or chronic HIV infection
- HIV is still active but reproduces at very
low levels
- Lasts an average of eight to ten years
without treatment
A. Newly Infected
- Negative in HIV testing
- Window Period
- 1-3 months (after being infected)
B. Chronically Infected
- 2 to 10 years
Stage 3: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
- Most severe phase of HIV infection.
- Badly damaged immune systems that
they get an increasing number of severe
illness, called opportunistic illness.
- Without treatment, people with AIDS
typically survive for about 3 years.
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
- People with healthy immune system
can be exposed to certain viruses,
bacteria or parasites and have no
reaction to them
- People with AIDS can face serious
health threats from what are known as
“opportunistic” infections.
- Called opportunistic because they take
advantage of your weakened immune
 system, and they can cause devastating
illness.
- Examples: Lung infections, pneumonia,
fungal infections, swollen lymph nodes,
shingles
- Can survive inside syringe and injecting
needles
Entry- HIV must enter the bloodstream for
infection

TRANMISSION OF HIV HIV TRANSMISSION EQUATION

- Secretions come in contact with tissues BODY FLUID ACTIVITY + DIRECT ACCES
+ TO
such as those lining in the vagina, anal
BLOODSTREAM
area, mouth, eyes (mucus membranes), Blood -Unprotected -Vagina
or with break in the skin such as a cut. Semen anal and -Anus
- Common ways: sexual contact, sharing Rectal vaginal - -Urethra in
of needles, mother to child Secretions intercourse Penis
transmission during pregnancy, labor Vaginal Fluids Sharing -Open cuts and
(delivery process), or breastfeeding. Breast milk needles sores
Mother to -Mucosal
 Unprotected penetrative sexual
child membranes
intercourse, with someone who is HIV -points of
positive needle
 Infected blood, blood products, and injection
body organs
 Sharing of needles, syringes, and other
DEBUNKING THE MYTHS
injecting equipment
 From infected mother to baby, before - Talking
or during birth or through - Kissing/Embracing
breastfeeding after birth - Sharing of toilet seats
- Swimming
FLUIDS OF TRANSMISSION
- Mosquito bites
1. Blood - Sharing utensils
2. Seminal Fluid
PERCENTAGE OF TRANSMISSION
3. Vaginal Fluid
4. Breast Milk Sexual Contact- 94.39%

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMISSION: ESSE Mother to Child- 0.27%

EXIT- HIV most exit the body of infected person Blood transfusion- 0.05%

Sufficient- Only 4 bodily fluids with sufficient Needle prick- 0.001%

amount of HIV
Sharing of infected needles- 4.37%
Survive: HIV must be in conditions which it can
survive No data- 0.92%
Number of Merely diagnosed with HIV per day DISCRIMINATORY ACTS AND POLICIES

2009- 1 2014- 17 People living with HIV cannot be denied access

to:
2010- 4 2016- 26
- Employment and livelihood
2012- 9 - Admission in schools
SO WHAT’S CAUSING THE INCREASE IN HIV - Travel and habitation
CASES? - Elective and appointive office
- Credit and insurance
RISKY BEHAVIOR > PREVENTION COVERAGE - Health care
- Decent burial Services
REPUBLIC ACT 8504 (PHILIPPINE AIDS
PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT OF 1998) SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

- An Act Promulgating Policies and COMMON SYMPTOMS

Prescribing Measures for the
Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS in 1. Pain in peeing
the Philippines, Instituting a Nationwide 2. Severe itchiness
HIV/AIDS Information and Educational 3. Yellowish/abnormal discharge
Program, Establishing a Comprehensive 4. Ulcerations
HIV/AIDS Monitoring System, 5. Pain during sex
Strengthening the Philippine National 6. Abdominal Pain
AIDS Council, and other purposes. COMMON STIs
Key Features Bacterial
A. Education and Information - Gonorrhea
B. Safe Practices and Procedures - Chlamydia
C. Testing, Screening, and Counseling
- Syphilis
D. Monitoring
E. Confidentiality Viral
F. Discriminatory Acts and Practices
G. Strengthening the Philippine National - Genital Warts by HPV
AIDS Council - Genital Herpes by HSV2

INFORMATION AND CONFIDENTIALITY ABCDE OF PREVENTION

- Spreading false and misleading A: abstinence

information is punishable by law
Compulsory HIV testing is not allowed under
R.A 8504. Counseling should be given before
and after the test
B: Be mutually faithful
C: Conscience and Correct Choice
D: Do not take drugs and alcohol
E: Education and Early Detection through HIV
testing