Exploring Global Networks

 Global Networks are basically avenues for communication which pave the way for the creation
of new forms of social interaction and organization.
 It covers interrelations and interconnections of people, services, and institutions beyond the
local, domestic, or national borders and instead spans the whole world.
 Global networks appear in many forms such as in international production networks,
international security alliances, international amnesty, global network for tropical diseases, and
world watch for marine life, among others.
 The networks are characterized by actors composed of people, governments, and institutions or
firms sharing common interests and exchanging and interacting with one another.

Globalization

 it comes from the word globalize which refers to the rise of global networks
 is a process involving the interconnections, diffusion, and exchange of
goods(production),services (technology), ideas (communication),and people.

Four different forms of Globalization

1. Embodied globalization - refers to the movement or migration of people.

2. Agency-extended globalization - deals with the dispersion and exchange of agents or
representative of various institutions, polities , and organization.
3. Object-extended globalization – involves the mobility of goods, commodities, and other objects
of exchange such as machinery, money, and food items.
4. Disembodied globalization – covers the diffusion of ideas, knowledge, and information such as
the dos and don’ts of dating, Confusion philosophy, and good study habits.

Anthony Giddens, 1991 – defined globalization as “the intensification of worldwide social relations
which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many
miles away and vice versa.”

David Held, et al. 1999 – Globalization led to the shrinking of international space and the increasing
consciousness of a whole, single world society as it facilitates the “widening, Deeping and speeding up of
global interconnection”.

Dimensions of Globalization

 Economic globalization – this refers primarily to international business

which covers all contracts and negotiations concerning sales, investments,
mobilization, and related transactions undertaken by two or more regions,
countries, and nations outside their political territories.
 - the forerunners of economic globalization are the multinational
companies(MNCs) or Transnational companies which have branches in two
or more countries.

Example of MNCs:

Sportswear manufacturers- NIKE, Adidas, and Reebok

Beverage companies – Coca-cola and pepsi

Vehicle Manufacturers – Toyota, Ford, and Mitsubishi

Fast-food chains – McDonalds, Jollibee

 Economic Globalization increases the process of economic integration

among countries leading to the creation of a common market such as the
European Union (EU) or free trade area such as the North American Free
Trade Area(NAFTA), the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), and
Mercosur in South America.

 Sociocultural Globalization
o Cultural globalization- refers to the spread of ideas, values, and
meanings across countries, broadening and increasing social
relations.
 Example: Religion, language, cuisine, fashion, music and dance
and other ramifications of pop culture
o Social globalization – covers the diffusion of beliefs, practices, and
issues concerning population growth, media, urbanization, tourism,
education, and sports that also drive nations, institutions, and
governments to expand social relations.
 Example: Grave disparities between the city and the
countryside in terms of availability of social services,
employment opportunities, educational alternatives, and
recreational facilities.
  Global Health-which refers to the health condition of the
global population that goes beyond the concerns of individual
nations.
 International travel has contributed to the spread of certain
communicable and fatal diseases such as HIV/AIDS, SARS, birds
flu.
 Students studying in colleges and universities outside their
own countries have increased.
 Political globalization – this involves institutions, public policies, and
practices that cut across national borders to facilitate international
agreements and transactions.

Ex. Supranational institutions in EU, WTO, and ICC have either

partially diminished the sovereignty or perceived to have reduced
the power and importance of the nation-states which created them.

 Natural environment globalization – this concerns the environment where

the interaction of living species takes place.

-it promotes the sharing of the natural resources such as fresh water,
clean air, abundant aquatic resources, and ample energy supply by all
humanity and through generations.

Example: Water and air pollution

Overconsumption of fish and the marine resources
Global Warming

THE INTERNET

 The new fastest vehicle of globalization.

 Both a product and stimulus of globalization, plays a key role in connecting
peoples and integrating polities, economies, and cultures and is
unconstrained by national boundaries.

Ex.