•Empirical Formula Cat ion Anion

- Simplest, whole number ratio of Metal + Non-Metal

each element in a compound
•Covalent Bonding
•Molecular Formula
-Electron Sharing (Non-Metals)
- Represents the actual number of
Common Ionic Bonding/Specially named Ionic
atoms of each element in a
Bonds
molecule of a compound

•Water - 𝐻2 𝑜
Find the Ef of a compound formed when 6.75g
of Aluminum reacts with 26.63g of Chlorine. •Ammonium- 𝑁𝐻3
*The molar mass of Aluminum is 26.98, round it •Methane - - 𝐶𝐻4
off to 27. The molar mass of Chlorine is 35.5)
•Nitrous Oxide - - 𝑁2 𝑂
Divide the given grams of each elements to
their respective molar mass •Nitric Oxide - NO

Aluminum Chlorine •Hydrochloric Acid – HCl (aq)

6.75𝑔 36.63𝑔 •Nitric acid - - 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 (aq)

27𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 35.5𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 •Acetic Acid - - 𝐻𝐶2 𝐻3 𝑂2 (aq)
Aluminum Chlorine •Sulfric Acid - - 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 (aq)
.25 .75 •Carbonic Acid - - 𝐻2 𝐶𝑂3(aq)
=1 =3
.25 .25
•Phosphoric Acid - - 𝐻3 𝑃𝑂4(aq)

aq means ‘aqueous)
*REMEMBER, DIVIDE BY THE SMALLEST
Solution (- 𝐻2 𝑂 -Solvent)
BUMBER*
- 𝐻2 𝑂(𝐿)−𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒
Since, Al got 1 and Cl got 3.
(𝑆)−𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒
(𝐺)−𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒
Therefore, 𝐴𝑙𝐶𝑙3 is the answer.
Binary Compounds for Metals and Non-Metals
Find the Mf of a compound when 40.0g of
Carbon and 6.7g of Hydrogen reacts to form Binary = Two element compound
𝐶𝐻2 𝑂. (Mf=180)
Step 1: Name the Metal and Non-Metal
*Find oxygen first*
Sodium (Metal) and chlorine (Non-Metal
(40.0g +6.7g)-100=53.3g of Oxygen
Step 2: Ad the suffix ‘ide’ at the end of the Non-
40.0𝑔 3.33
C or Carbon 12.0𝑔 = =1 Metal
3.33

6.7𝑔 6.67 Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

H or Hydrogen = =2
1.0𝑔 3.33
Aluminum Chloride ( 𝐴𝑙2 𝐶𝑙3)
53.3𝑔 3.33
O or Oxygen = =1
16.0𝑔 3.33 Calcium Nitride (- 𝐶𝑎3 𝑁2 )
*Next, multiply the answers with their •Free State – when the oxidation number is
respective molar masses and add them all up* zero
1(12)+2(1)+1(16)=30g/mol 𝑁𝑎+1 𝐶𝑙 −1
*then divide the given Mf; Mf=180, by the sum*
180
= 6𝐶𝐻2 𝑂= 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 NaCl
30

•Ionic Bond

- Electron transfer
Polyatomic Ions

•Ion – an atom or chemical combination of

atoms having a net electric charge
•Monatomic Ion – ion formed from a single
atom (𝐶𝑙 − )