DIANE GUILARAN

TMI-P-NCR-C2
Lesson 4 (Activity and Analysis) those in yellow shades have to be filled-out.

THE EARLY CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION

Ancient to Roman Education

Educatio Aims Types of Content to be Agencies Organiza-tion of Methods of Outstanding

nal education studied of grades instruction contribution
Epoch Education to education/
Influence to
educational
practice
Primitive Security 1. Vocational 1.Ways of Home There was none Imitation Started the
Conformity - skills like procuring the Environment Trial and error rudiments of
Enculturation hunting, basic Indoctrination education
constructing a necessities in
hut, etc. life
2. Religious - 2. Superstitious
participate in
ritualistic
practices
Sumerian Writing Reading, Home There were already 1. Imitation cuneiform
1. Training of education writing, little School organized classes as and copying writing
scribes, Mathe- arithmetic, Temple far back as 3000 B.C. 2. Preparation
bookkeepers matical astronomy, Schools of Tablets
and teachers education architecture, Apprentice
2. Training the Language agriculture and Schools
learners to be education. hydraulics, arts,
good Vocational vocational
education. training, law
Professional
education
Art education

Egyptian Perpetuation Domestic 1. Reading, Home 1. The young studied Dictation The
of culture training writing, and Military at home with the Memorization outstanding
Utilitarianism Religious language Schools mother as teacher. Apprenticeshi contributions
training 2. Religious and Court 2. At the age of 5, the p of the early
Vocational secular Schools boys attended the Egyptians to
training literature Vocational reading and writing education
3. Artistry in Schools schools were
metals and under the 3. At 17, probably
lapidary the boys entered the geometrical
4. Mathematics schools that offered measurement
5. Astronomy their vocations. and surveying
6. Music
Chinese 1. Ideological Ideological Maxims and Home 1. Elementary – The Administration of
and ethical and moral doctrines of Private training was formal Confucian civil service
(moral) Language ethical and School and rigorous Method examination
learning education political nature House of 2. Higher Education – Direct and
2. Cultural Vocational teacher or preparation for taking exact
Development and domestic rich pupil the government imitation
education examinations Memorization
 3. Civil Civic A deserted
Services education pagoda
Any place
Greek Militarism Physical and Gymnastics Athens: Athens: 1. From birth Instruction 1. Free
Individual military 3 R’s private to 7, children were Chanting development
excellence Civic and Liberal Education teachers taught at home Living model of all human
moral and 2. From 7-16, the capacities
Intellectual philosopher boys went to two 2. Olympic
training s schools: Didascaleum Games
Sparta: and 3. The
military Palaestra development
teachers 3. At 16-18, the boys of patriotism
were free from literary and discipline
and music studies
4. At 18, the boys
took the EPHEBIC
oath
5. At 20, the boys
attained full
citizenship
Sparta:
1. At early age,
children were taught
habits of silence,
obedience,
respect, bravery, etc.
3. At age 7-18, the
boys lived at the
barracks-like
educational building
under the supervision
of a PAIDONOMUS,
a state official
4. At age 18-20, the
boys took
professional war
training
5. At age 20-30, all
took an oath of
allegiance and
dispersed to
military posts for war
maneuvers
6. At age 30, the man
was a full-pledged
citizen, obliged or
compelled
to marry and took his
seat in the assembly
or council
Roman Development Practical/ Cultural Family At age 7-10, both Direct 1. Methods of
of the vir Vocational Professional Military boys & girls attend imitation, organization,
bonus (Latin Moral Twelve Tables camps elemen-tary schools. memorization management
means “good Religious and discipline and
man” administration
 The good At age 10, only boys 2. Romans
citizen, worker are in the secondary organized
and soldier level. body of civil
At age 16 onwards, still, law
only boys continue
studying for higher
education.

Medieval Education
Educational Aims Types of Content to be Agencies Organization of Methods of Outstanding
Philosophy education studied of grades instruction contribution to
Education education/
Influence to
educational
practice
Early Christian Moral Religious 1. Moral and Informal At home – at the Conversatio- Christianity
regenera-tion (spiritual) spiritual values teaching - catechumenal nal Method which
of the Ethical 2. Requisites for different school – catechetical Gnomic established a
individual (moral) and baptism places school – Method social order
social 3. Church where there cathedral school Parable quite different
education doctrines were M ethod from those of
Universal and 4. Music in people to other faiths, a
democratic connection with listen to social order
education Church worship Him more humane
and more
democratic
Monasticism Spiritual Moral, 7 liberal arts Monastic Externi-do not Dictation 1. Opposed the
perfection religious, (grammar, Schools intend to become Memorization vices and
necessary for literary and rhetoric, dialectic, monks & nuns Question and corruption of
eternal manual arithmetic, Interni-will enter the answer the medieval
salvation training geometry, order & take vows Reflection world
astronomy & 2. Europe
music) acquired
industrial skills
and a concept
of true dignity
of manual labor

Scholasticism Reasoned Religious Theology Cathedral At the age of 14, Lecture/ 1. Organization
faith and Intellectual Religious schools enters a university reading of the university
intellectual Philosophy Monastic then it will be a Disputation 2. Emphasis on
discipline Schools bachelor, for 4- 7 Logical intellectual
Medieval years it continued Analysis learning
University studying to become
Licentia docendi to
be master
Chivalric Teach the Social More on activity Home, Birth-7yrs – home Example and The use of
best, ideal, Military 7 free arts court, 7-14 yrs. old-page practice vernacular as a
social, moral Religious castle, (noble lady of the Imitation tool for teaching
tournament
court) Discipline and the
field and
fields of 14-21yrs. old-squire emphasis
battle (knight) placed on the
 21 yrs. old-ready for learning of
knighthood social graces,
rules of
etiquette, or
good manners
and right
conduct
Guild System Preparation Vocational 3Rs Burgher Apprenticeship – Example Vocational
for Religious school, Journeyman – Imitation training and
commercial Intellectual Chantry Master Craftsman Practice apprenticeship
and industrial school, Dictation
life Guild Memorization
(Vocational school
preparation )

Muslim Search for Science, Focused on Libraries Elementary Repetition Writing and
Education knowledge and Vocational, Math, Science, Secondary and drill computing big
application of Religious Literature, Higher University Memorizatio numbers were
scientific facts and Artistic Philosophy, and imitation simplified
designing History Observation
education and
experimenta-
tion

Renaissance Period
Educational Aims Types of Content to be Agencies of Organization of Methods of Outstanding
Philosophy Education Studied Education Grades Instruction contribution to
education/
Influence to
educational
practice
Individualistic Develop Literary 1. The Greek and Lower or 1. Girls were taught Use of texts 1. It provided the
Humanism individual education Roman classics elementary by tutors at home Emphasis on foundation of
Personalit Aesthetic for appreciation schools, 2. The boys had to the power to modern
y Education 2. Varied human Secondary or go through school think academic
Physical interests that court schools step by step: freedom
training make life truly Universities elementary, 2. Renewed
beautiful high school and interest in the
3. The world of university study of the
nature; Roman and
appreciation of Greek
the things of classics
nature
Social Social Moral Biblical and Elementary The boys had to go Individualized 1. The class-a-
Humanism reform and education classical schools, through school step Instruction year practice
human Social literature Secondary by step: elementary, Mastery 2. Emphasis on
relationshi education schools, high school and Learning the social
ps Classical art Universities university Repetition purposes of
education
Protestant Attainment Moral Bible Home, Civil Primary – compulsory Individualized Development of
Reformation of a worthy Social Civic Religion authorities, Secondary Instruction state school
life on Vocational Singing Church, University Mastery system
earth Domestic Vernacular Learning
 Practical Trades and primary Socialized Class-a-year
and musical Crafts school, Recitation plan became the
House-hold Classical model of a
duties secondary graded school
History school – first organization
3Rs State school Vernacular
Logic system elementary
Rhetoric (Saxony school, the
Elo-quence plan) and classical
University secondary
school, and the
university
organized by
Protestant
reformers
became models
of educational
institutions

Catholic- Religious Religious 4Rs Elementary 1. The Jesuit Repetition 1. La Salle’s

Counter moralism Moral Language and Secondary secondary schools Motivation conception of
Reformation and Vocational Literature Higher were open only to Question and the role of the
Complete Domestic Philosophy boys. Answer teacher as a
obedienc Literary 2. Spiritual basis of a
e to Research preparation real profession
church (novitiate) for 2 2. The Jesuits’
years better type of
3. In higher school, professional
there was a 3-year training
liberal arts course especially in
4. 2 years of teacher teacher
training (juniorate) education
5. Practice teaching 3. The Christian
for 5 years brothers’
6. Theological grouping of
course for 4 years pupils according
to ability
and the use of
the phonetic
method of
teaching reading
Literary Complete Literary Encylo-pedic Home, Public 1. Birth-6 years old, Individual Practical
Realism knowledge Practical day school, the child was taught difference education that
and Liberal Academy and at home (vives)/ would enable
understand University 2. At age 7, the boy adapts man to adjust
-ing of the had to enter public schoolwork himself to
human day school to the his environment
society 3. Between ages 12- abilities and
21, the boy should interests of
be given his entire the pupils
education in the Incidental
academy study was to
4. Upper courses be made
were taken in the pleasant &
university
 attractive
(Rabelais)
Reading for
content
(Milton)
Social To Practical/ History Tutor, The boy started with Direct social Tutorial system,
Realism prepare Physical Philosophy Academies a tutor, then contacts finishing schools
the education Language and attended either the Emphasized and private
aristocrati Scientific Ritterakademi academy or understand-ing military
c youth Liberal e the Ritterakademie. and judgment academies
for the life Democratic For a professional Understand-ing
of a Moral course, he attended rather than
gentle- education a university. memorization
man in Intellectual Less teacher
the world authority
of affairs
Sense To develop Practical Compre-hensive Model The ladder system Inductive 1. The emphasis
Realism a education curriculum educational of organization of method on science in
harmoniou Scientific institution for grade levels was Things- the curriculum
s society training scientific adopted thought-word 2. Development
with Liberal investigation Nature of the textbook
natural and Democracy Textbook method 3. The internal
universal Exercise and administrative
laws Drill organization of a
school
4. The
ladderized
system of grade
level
organization
Education as Formation Physical Drill subjects, Elementary Tutorial System 1. All Formal
Formal of vigor of the spelling, arith- Secondary methods were discipline as an
Discipline character body metic and based on the educational
Intellectual grammar laws of habit process
mental- formation: Habit formation
power desirable
Moral-good habits of
and wise thinking and
conduct acting
2. Drill and
exercise
3. Discipline –
corporal
punishment
was used
extensively.