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7
Sistemas Adhesivos Dentales
generaciones
10
de evolución
Dental adhesive systems:
Seven generations of evolution
110. Octubre
INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
4
cavity preparations was still required.
225+
ta Generación Restorations with margins in dentin
ETCH A B
th Generation saw extensive microleakage, and pos-
5
terior occlusal restorations were likely
ta Generación to exhibit significant postoperative
ETCH A+B
th Generation sensitivity. The long-term stability
6
Agente adhesivo of second generation adhesives was
ta Generación problematic, and for restorations,
Bonding agents th Generation
A B
one-year retention rates were as low
7
as 70 percent.18,19
ta Generación ETCH
th Generation A+B
Third Generation
In the late 1980s, two component pri-
1 mary/adhesive systems were introduced.
Dentista y Paciente
INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Cuarta generación
A principios de los años noventa, los
agentes adhesivos de cuarta generación
revolucionaron la odontología. Tanto su
gran fuerza de adhesión a la dentina (17-
25 MPa) como la disminución de la sensibi-
lidad postoperatoria en las restauraciones
posteriores, motivó a muchos dentistas
a empezar el cambio de amalgama a ob-
turaciones posteriores de resina directa.
Dentista y Paciente
Sistemas adhesivos dentales. Siete generaciones de evolución
Sexta Generacion
Los dentistas e investigadores han pro-
curado eliminar el paso de grabado, o
110. Octubre
INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Dentista y Paciente
Sistemas adhesivos dentales. Siete generaciones de evolución
eliminado y por consiguiente todo el resto predictability of various innovative It is also interesting to note that whether
del proceso técnicamente sensible. El paso mixing procedures. or not the clinician etches the prepara-
de grabado también ha sido eliminado, tion prior to application of the adhesive,
logrando así la imprimación y adhesión Seventh Generation no essential bonding differences can
de la superficie dental simultáneamente A new, simplified adhesive system has be detected for either the enamel or
y por tanto, el procedimiento adhesivo been introduced that is the first rep- dentin. The shear bond strengths for
siendo simplificado en una alta medida. resentative of the seventh generation both substrates under both conditions
Un sistema real de un solo paso y una of adhesive materials.31 Just as the fifth are mostly similar.
sola botella para el grabado y el adhesivo generation bonding agents made the
de ambas superficies, la del esmalte y leap from previous multi-component Seventh Generation
la de la dentina, está disponible para el systems to a rational and easy-to-use Adhesive Technique
dentista. Entre sus cualidades esta una single bottle, the seventh generation
excelente fuerza de adhesión a la dentina simplifies the multitude of sixth genera- The following is an abbreviated tech-
(18-35 MPa) y una adhesión similar tanto tion materials into a single component, nique description for the use of sev-
al esmalte preparado como al esmalte single bottle system. Both the sixth enth generation adhesives:
intacto. Además, este mismo puede ser and seventh generation adhesives are 1. Decay is noted on the distal surface
usado efectivamente para las restaura- available for self-etching, self-priming of the right mandibular second
ciones de resina directa e indirecta y se adhesion for dentists who are seeking bicuspid. (Figure 2)
adhiere satisfactoriamente a la cerámica improved procedures with minimal 2. The decay is accessed and removed
y al metal. Pero lo más importante de technique sensitivity, and little or no with the Great White #2 bur (SSWhite
todo, es que es un producto de un solo postoperative sensitivity. (Figure 1) Lakewood, New Jersey). (Figure 3)
componente y viene en una sola botella. 3. The conservative cavity preparation
No-mix, self-etching, self-priming, is complete. The tooth is matrixed
Además de esas características, el ad- single bottle seventh generation ad- (OmniMatrix, Ultradent, Salt Lake
hesivo de la séptima generación no es hesives represent the most current City UT) and wedged. (Figure 4)
sensible a la cantidad de humedad resi- formulation of dentinal adhesives on 4. The preparation is bonded with a sev- 17
dual de la superficie de la preparación. the market. The uncertainty of mixing enth generation adhesive. (Figure 5)
La fuerza de la adhesión a la dentina y is eliminated, and thus, any resulting 5. The bonding agent is light-cured
al esmalte es básicamente igual, sin im- technique sensitivity. The etching step is (Figure 6)
portar la humedad o la falta de ella en also eliminated, and accomplishing the 6. The cavity is restored with composite
las superficies preparadas. priming and the bonding of the dental resin and the interproximal contact
surfaces simultaneously, the adhesive is made with the CCI (Contact Cur-
También es interesante anotar que aun- procedure is simplified tremendously. A ing Instrument, Hu-Friedy, Chicago
que el dentista grabe o no la preparación real, one-step, one bottle system for the IL). (Figure 7)
antes de aplicar el adhesivo, no se pueden complete etching and bonding of both 7. The occlusal surface is pre-shaped
detectar diferencias fundamentales de enamel and dentin surfaces is available prior to curing of the surface layer
adhesión en la dentina ni en el esmalte. to the practitioner. Its qualifications with the “Duckhead” instrument
La fuerza de adhesión para ambos sus- include an excellent bonding strength (Hu-Friedy, Chicago IL) (Figure 8)
tratos bajo ambas condiciones resulta to dentin (18-35 MPa) and similar adhe- 8. Rough and intermediate polishing.
ser muy similar. sion to both prepared and unprepared (Figure 9)
enamel. It can be used effectively for 9. Final surface polishing. (Figure 10)
Técnica Adhesiva both direct and indirect composite 10. The completed restoration. (Figure
de Séptima Generación restorations, and it adheres well to 11)
ceramic and metal. But most important
La siguiente es una descripción abre- of all, it is a single component, single
viada de la técnica para el uso de los bottle product.
adhesivos de séptima generación: In addition to these characteristics,
1. Se encuentra caries en la superficie the seventh generation adhesive is also
distal del segundo premolar mandi- insensitive to the amount of residual
bular derecho. (Figura 2) moisture on the surface of the prepara-
2. La caries es evaluada y removida con tion. The bond strength to both dentin
la fresa #2 “Great White” (SSWhite and enamel are essentially the same,
Lakewood, New Jersey). (Figura 3) regardless of the moisture or lack of
3. La preparación conservadora de la moisture on the prepared surfaces. 9
110. Octubre
INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Dentista y Paciente
Sistemas adhesivos dentales. Siete generaciones de evolución
que el tiempo requerido sea adecuado This problem can be related in part to Concluding remarks
para permitir una difusión completa del the manner in which either the fourth
adhesivo en la dentina desnaturalizada. or fifth generation bonding agents are The relatively recent introduction of
used. In both procedures, the acid etch- the so-called self-etching dentin bond-
Obviamente, existen otros factores que ing agent is first used to demineralize ing agents has been met with a great
pueden influir en el nivel de penetra- the dentin. Once this is completed, the deal of enthusiasm. There are several
ción al que nos estamos refiriendo. El clinician then applies the dentin bonding reasons for this. The most important
secado excesivo de la preparación que agent to the tooth in order to reverse reason seems to be the relative ease of
impide dejar un poco de agua residual the process that has been accomplished use of these products. Many clinicians
en la superficie (adhesivo húmedo) son by the acid etching agent. Unless the have viewed the self-etching adhesives
otros factores que podrían hacer que el dentist is very careful about the number as materials that can etch both dentin
primero no penetre en la dentina. Ade- of applications of the primer, and the and enamel with a single application.
más, el exceso de agua en la superficie time required to allow complete diffu- They also perceive these bonding agents
también podría prevenir el influjo del sion of the adhesive into the denatured as systems that can simultaneously
agente adhesivo. Otra fuente potencial dentin, adequate penetration may not apply the primer in the same step.
para la difusión inadecuada podría estar be achieved. The secondary reason for the rapid
relacionada con la prematura vaporiza- acceptance of these materials can be
ción del alcohol o el solvente de acetona Obviously, there are other factors that related to the postoperative sensitiv-
dentro del agente adhesivo.33 may influence this level of penetration. ity that is associated with them-little
Over-drying the preparation, and thus or none. Together, these two factors
Observaciones finales the failure to leave some residual water have convinced many practitioners
on the surface (moist bonding) may to abandon their traditional adhesive
La relativa reciente introducción de los discourage the primer from penetrat- systems for a process that they have
llamados agentes adhesivos autograba- ing the dentin. Excess water on the perceived to offer better, faster and
dores para dentina ha sido recibida con surface may also prevent the influx of easier and more predictable bonding
bastante entusiasmo. Existen diferentes the bonding agent. Another potential to tooth structure. 19
razones para esto. La razón más impor- source for inadequate diffusion may be
tante parece ser el relativo fácil uso de related to the premature vaporization The inherent advantage of the self-
estos productos. Muchos dentistas han of the alcohol or acetone solvent within etching dentin bonding agents is that
visto los adhesivos autograbadores como the bonding agent.33 they etch and deposit the primer si-
materiales que pueden grabar tanto la
dentina como el esmalte en una sola una
aplicación. Así mismo, ellos perciben
estos agentes adhesivos como sistemas
donde pueden aplicar simultáneamente
el primer en el mismo paso. La segunda
razón por la cual estos materiales han
tenido una gran acogida puede deberse
a la poca o ninguna sensibilidad posto-
peratoria que está asociada con ellos.
Estos dos factores juntos han conven-
cido a muchos odontólogos de dejar sus
sistemas adhesivos tradicionales por un
proceso que ellos perciben que les ofre-
ce una mejor adhesión a la estructura
dental en una forma más rápida, fácil y
predecible.
110. Octubre
INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
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Dentista y Paciente
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21
110. Octubre