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Important points
and formulae
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9 BMI
ZAM
BMI-G | [COMPANY ADDRESS]
5. Pythagoras theorem
For any right angled triangle
Hypotenuse (h2) = base (b2) + perpendicular (p2)
The converse of the Pythagoras theorem states that if h2 = b2 + p2 then the triangle
is a right angled triangle.
Hypotenuse is always greater than a base or a perpendicular.
Height of any polygon is always a perpendicular distance.
6. Mensuration:
Area, perimeter of two dimensional shapes.
Shape perimeter area
square 4 length Length2
rectangle 2(L+B) L×B
Triangle Sum of all three sides ½× base×height
For example: The line is perpendicular to the line y = –2x – 1. The product of
In the coordinate plane, two lines are parallel if their gradients are equal.
Heron's Formula for the area of a triangle Also called Hero's Formula
A method for calculating the area of a triangle when you know the lengths of all three
sides.
Let a,b,c be the lengths of the sides of a triangle. The area is given by:
To find the gradient of the line, equation of the line must be in the form y= mx+c.
where m is the gradient.
y 2 y1
Gradient =
x 2 x1
To find the coordinates of the point of intersection of two straight lines, solve
equations of the two lines simultaneously.
9. Graphs
The quadratic graph has the minimum point when ‘a’ is negative. It has a
maximum point when ‘a’ is positive.
The line of symmetry of the quadratic graph passes through the maximum or
minimum point.
am × an = am+n
am ÷ an = am-n
(a×b)m = am × bm
(a/b)m = am/ bm
(am)n = amn
a0 = 1
(a/b)-m = (b/a)m
17. Measure of central tendency:
For simple distribution
Mean = sum of numbers
Number of numbers
Mode = The most frequent number
Median = the middle number (if n is odd)
Sum of two middle numbers/ 2 (if n is even)
For frequency distribution
Mean =
f ( x)
f
Mode = The value of x, which has highest frequency
Median = Add all frequencies, divide by 2, if answer is with decimal round it off
and locate that number in the table. If answer is whole number, take the number
and next number, locate these two numbers add and divide by 2.
19. Matrices:
A+O = O+A = A
Additive inverse of A is denoted by –A
10
A-1A = AA-1 = I where I =
01
AI = IA = A