EXCEPTIONALITY SIGNIFICANTS OR KEY CAUSES / ETIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS

FEATURES
It is a term used by experts to describe Prenatal Physical
any kind of vision loss, whether its  Viral disease  Absence of eyeball
someone who cannot see at all or  Toxic conditions  Discolored eyes
someone who has partial vision loss.  Blood incompatibility  Severe cross eyes
 Exposure to radiation  Excessive involuntary movement
TOTALLY BLIND Perinatal
 Those with very little or no vision  Traumatic experience during delivery Social and Emotional
perception at all  Anoxia  Inferior
 They have visual acuity of 20/200  Heavy sedation  Unduly sensitive
vision or less in the better eye with Postnatal  Easily discouraged/ frustrated
1. VISUAL IMPAIRMENT corrective glasses such that they  Disease/ Ailments  Easily embarrassed.
need Braille in order to read. Meningitis/ Glaucoma/ Cataract Intellectual
LOW VISION  Accidents  Some visually impaired children
 Those with visual perception who  Injuries begin to talk later than the sighted
primarily read large print or  Heredity  Are retarded educationally in
regular print under special  Malnutrition mathematics, spelling, general
conditions, information as compared to the
 They have remaining visual acuity sighted.
between 10/200 and 20/70 in the
better eye with possible correction
2. HEARING A generic term indicating hearing Prenatal Physical
disability which may range in severity  Toxic conditions  Deformities of the outer ear
IMPAIRMENT from mild to profound.  Viral infection  Closed ear canal
It is reduced function or loss of the  Blood Incompatibility  Discharge from ear
normal function of the hearing mechanism Perinatal  Breathing through mouth
 Traumatic experience during delivery Learning
Slight - 27-40 dB  Anoxia  Pays attention to vibration and
Mild - 51-55dB  Heavy sedation vibrating things.
Moderate - 56-70dB Postnatal  Moves closer to speaker when
Severe - 711-90dB  Accidents/ Injuries talked to
Profound - 91 dB & above  Heredity  Less responsive to noise, voice or
 Malnutrition music
 Aging
 EXCEPTIONALITY SIGNIFICANTS OR KEY
FEATURES
3. AUTISM One of the least understood and most
mysterious of the Pervasive
Developmental Disorders.
Piven said in 1997 that it is a complex
medical discorder in which genetic
environmental and neurotically causes are
implicated
The word was borrowed form the term
used to describe schizophrenia that means
withdrawal from relationships.
Kanner used the term to describe “
inability to relate to themselves and noted
that the disorder starts as an “ extreme
autistic aloneless that whenever possible
disregards, ignores, shuts out anything
that comes to the child from outside.
CLASSIFICATION:
 PDD ( Pervasive Developmental
Disorder) – characterized by
severe pervasive impairments in
several areas of development.
 Autistic Disorder- impairment in
social interaction, communication,
imaginative play prior to age 3
CAUSES / ETIOLOGY
 Overdose of Medicines
 It is a brain disorder present from birth Communication
which affects the way the brain uses
information but the cause of autism is
unknown
 Prenatal or postnatal infections,
chromosomal disorders, CNS
dysfunction, seizure, vaccines, brain
injury.
 There may be some imbalance of
certain chemicals in the brain
 Genetic factors may sometimes be
involved, In many families there
appears to be pattern of autism or
related disorders suggest gene based
cause.
CHARACTERISTICS
Speech / Language
 Usually has no speech
 If he has speech he
1. Talks with poor rhythm
2. Particularly poor in diction
3. Talks in sentences with improper
word order.
 Language impairment across all
odes of communication,
speech, into nation, gesture,
facial expression and other
Body Language.
 Have difficulty understanding the
meaning of words, the
intention of the speaker and
are not able to interpret
gestures. Etc.
Imagination
 Rigidly and inflexiblity
EXCEPTIONALITY SIGNIFICANTS OR KEY CAUSES / ETIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS
FEATURES
years.
 Aspergers Disorder- high function
autism
 Pervasive Development Disorder
-a typical autism
 Rett’s Disorder
Progressive disorder which occurs
only to girls. Loss of previous
acquired skills.

 Childhood Disintegrated
Disorder
A normal development or at least
the first 2 years followed by a
significant loss of previously
acquired skills Regressive Autism