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It’s probably first best to understand the purpose of your exhaust. While it
most certainly performs the function of improving your bike’s performance, Muffler
it’s just one of a number of important reasons that your exhaust system also called silencer, device through which the exhaust gases from
exists. an internal-combustion engine are passed to attenuate (reduce) the airborne
noise of the engine. To be efficient as a sound reducer, a muffler must
Probably the most important aspect from the riders point of view is that it decrease the velocity of the exhaust gases and either absorb sound waves or
routes the hot gasses from the engine after combustion. That’s somewhat cancel them by interference with reflected waves coming from the same
critical because if you spent too long breathing those gasses in, you’d source.
probably feel sick pretty quickly (or die). In fact, your standard motorcycle
A typical sound-absorbing material used in a muffler is a thick layer of fine
exhaust will house a catalytic converter which helps convert the carbon
fibers; the fibers are caused to vibrate by the sound waves, thus converting
monoxide expelled from the engine into carbon dioxide which at least makes
the sound energy to heat. Mufflers that attenuate sound waves by interference
it slightly more environmentally friendly.
are known as reactive mufflers. These devices generally separate the waves
into two components that follow different paths and then come together again
Your exhaust system with the help of the muffler also reduces noise. How out of phase (out of step), thus canceling each other out and reducing the
much noise? A lot – disconnect your muffler from the pipe and you’ll see sound.
how much. You’d go deaf pretty quickly without it and you’d be public
enemy number 1 around the neighborhood. Your muffler has nothing to do
In the typical reactive design shown in the illustration, the arrows indicate the
with exhaust emissions – nor with engine performance (but more on that
flow of exhaust gas through a set of tubes and chambers inside the muffler.
later).
One important chamber is known as the Helmholtz resonator. This chamber
is of a dimension carefully tuned to reflect and cancel sound waves of
But finally, your exhaust performs a major function when it comes to how
specified frequencies. In addition, the tubes can be perforated with small
your engine performs. You may have read that aftermarket exhaust systems
holes that allow the reflection and interference of sound waves of other
can help increase your engines horsepower by being ‘less restrictive’. That’s frequencies. The result is the attenuation of sound across a range of desired
true, but does that mean that if you had no exhaust at all (and therefore no
frequencies.
restriction) horsepower gain would be maximized? Not at all.
Mufflers of the straight-through type have a single tube with small holes
Your engine and exhaust system actually are designed to work together. It connecting with annular chambers that are frequently stuffed with a sound-
gets very technical and the practical application of how it all works includes absorbing material.
things like reflected pressure waves. Suffice to say that without an exhaust
connected to your engine, you’d be introducing air directly into the system Source: https://www.britannica.com/technology/muffler-engine-part
in the wrong direction through the exhaust ports (consider how much would
enter when riding at speed) which would throw everything out of wack.