Hydro Meteorological Phenomena and Hazards

J O H AN E S J U N P .
P AN G I L I N A N
G R AD E 1 2 S TE M B L O C K I I I
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PREPARED BY: JOHANES PANGILINAN
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Typhoon Yolanda 2013
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COUPLED
COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERIC
OCEAN-ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON
ENSO involves an interaction between the ocean and atmosphere
– both of which play a role in reinforcing changes in each other.
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EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN
NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)
that gives rise to El Niño and La Niña is an atmospheric phenomenon. The
climatic disturbances such as tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, tornados, and
droughts are hazardous and can bring disaster. Other hazards resulting from
tropical typhoons include strong winds, storm surge, flood, and landslide.
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TROPICAL CYCLONE
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An average of 20
tropical cyclones
enters the Philippine
Area of Responsibility
(PAR) and 90 percent of
them affect the country.
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TROPICAL CYCLONE
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TROPICAL CYCLONE
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TROPICAL CYCLONE
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TROPICAL CYCLONE SECONDARY HAZARDS:
1. FLOODS
2. STORM SURGES
3. STRONG WINDS
4. LANDSLIDES
5. MUDFLOWS
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TYPES OF FLOODS:
1. River flood
2. Flash flood
3. Coastal flood
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TYPES OF FLOODS:
1. River flood
Caused by the
overflowing of rivers
when the run-off
exceeds the
capacity of the
channels.
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TYPES OF FLOODS:
2. Flash flood
Caused by a very
short period of
unusually heavy
rainfall.
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TYPES OF FLOODS:
3. Coastal flood
Occurs when strong
onshore winds push
the water inland.
The rise in the sea
level also causes
flooding of the low-
lying coastal areas.
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How
How to
to prepare
prepare for
for flooding
flooding
Source: PAGASA-DOST
PAGASA’s Color-Coded Warning Signals for Flooding
“preparing for flood is a shared responsibility”

PAGASA came up with safety tips on what to do before,
during, and after flooding.
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Before
Before flooding
flooding
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2006
1. Know how often your location is likely to be flooded and to

what extent.
2. Be familiar with the flood warning system in your
community and be sure your family knows it.
3. Keep informed of daily weather condition.
4. Designate an evacuation area for the family and livestock
and assign family members specific instructions and
responsibilities according to an evacuation plan.
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When
When warned
warned of
of flood
flood
1. Be alert to the possibility of flood, if it has been raining

for several days. Flood happens as the ground
becomes saturated.
2. Listen to the radio for emergency instructions.
3. If advised to evacuate, do so. Don’t panic. Move to a

safe area before access is cut off by flood waters.
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When
When warned
warned of
of flood
flood
4. Store drinking water in containers, as water service

may be interrupted.
5. Move household belongings to upper levels.
6. Bring livestock to higher ground.
7. Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building

before evacuating and also lock your house.
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During
During Flooding
Flooding
1. Avoid flooded areas.
2. Do not attempt to cross rivers or flowing

streams where water is above the knee.
3. Beware of water-covered roads and bridges.
4. Avoid unnecessary exposure to the elements.
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During
During Flooding
Flooding
5. Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers.
6. Eat only well-cooked food. Protect leftovers

against contamination.
7. Drink clean or preferably boiled water only.
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After
After Flooding
Flooding
1. Re-enter the dwellings with caution using flashlight,

lanterns, or torches. There may be flammable inside.
2. Beware of fire hazards like broken electric wires.
3. Do not eat food and drink water until they have been
checked for food and water contamination.
4. Report broken utility lines (electricity, water, gas, and

telephone) to appropriate agencies or authorities.
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After
After Flooding
Flooding
5. Keep stock of food which requires little cooking and

refrigeration as electric power may be interrupted.
6. Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight with spare

batteries, emergency cooking equipment, candles,
matches, and handy first-aid kit in case of emergency.
7. Securely anchor weak dwellings and items.
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STORM SURGE
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THUNDERSTORM
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TORNADO
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TORNADO
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TORNADO
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TORNADO
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What you should do during a tornado
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DROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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How to prepare for drought
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How to prepare for drought
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Reference:
Luna, E.M. (2017). Hydrometeorological Hazards and Disasters.
Protecting Lives, Saving Communities: Disaster Preparedness and
Risk Reduction in Philippine Setting for Senior High School, pp. 90-
103. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.
Prepared by: Johanes Pangilinan

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Hydro Meteorological Phenomena and Hazards

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J O H AN E S J U N P .

PAGASA’s Color-Coded Warning Signals for Flooding

“preparing for flood is a shared responsibility”

1. Know how often your location is likely to be flooded and to

1. Be alert to the possibility of flood, if it has been raining

3. If advised to evacuate, do so. Don’t panic. Move to a

4. Store drinking water in containers, as water service

5. Move household belongings to upper levels.

6. Bring livestock to higher ground.

7. Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building

1. Avoid flooded areas.

2. Do not attempt to cross rivers or flowing

3. Beware of water-covered roads and bridges.

4. Avoid unnecessary exposure to the elements.

5. Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers.

6. Eat only well-cooked food. Protect leftovers

7. Drink clean or preferably boiled water only.

1. Re-enter the dwellings with caution using flashlight,

2. Beware of fire hazards like broken electric wires.

4. Report broken utility lines (electricity, water, gas, and

5. Keep stock of food which requires little cooking and

6. Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight with spare

7. Securely anchor weak dwellings and items.

Prepared by: Johanes Pangilinan

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