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Maria Asensio
CETRAD – UTAD - 15 Julho 2010
Maria.asensio@ina.pt
Análise de Políticas
Compromisso das
Redução do défice expectativas Controlo político
orçamental públicas com os sobre a economia
níveis dos serviços
Principais Como se toma Quais são os Quais são as Aplicaram-se as Quais foram os
consciência do factores que soluções decisões do efeitos directos e
Questões Problema? levam ao propostas e Governo e do indirectos da
Governo aceites pelo Parlamento? política?
Governo e
Parlamento?
Análise de Políticas
Actores
Regras
Recursos
Institucionais
Conteúdo de
Políticas
Públicas
Análise de Políticas
Autoridades
Político-
Administrativas
(elaboram e
aplicam a
Política Pública)
Hipóteses
Causais
Grupos - Beneficiários
Objectivo Finais
Agenda-setting
Público
Iniciação externa Consolidação
Promotor do
debate
Estado
Mobilização Iniciação interna
Agenda-setting
Razões para a inclusão
Problemas reais
Assuntos dos
Multiple streams
Policy Entrepreneurs
Policy windows
Tª da Ciclos Económicos
Convergência Crise>flexibilidade
(time & context) Cresc>Welfare
Policy paradigm
(leading policy Ciclos Eleitorais
ideas: competion,
global warming)
Agenda-setting
Razões para a inclusão
J.K. Kingdon (1984):
<I can trace the paths of ideas. But my personal theory is that people plant
seeds every day. There are a lot of ideas around, and there is no lacking of
ideas. The real question is, which of these ideas will catch hold? When you
plant a seed you need rain, soil, and luck”
FLUXOS DE
PROBLEMAS
reconhecidos
pelos actores
FLUXOS NA
AGENDA
POLÍTICA
FLUXO DE
FLUXOS DE POLÍTICA
SOLUÇÕES (Eleições,
POLÍTICAS Governo,
(POLICIES) Grupos de
interesse)
Agenda-setting
Policy Window
Problemas
Fluxo político
Coincidência
Policy Formulation
Modelo Racional
Modelo
Incremental
Modelo Irracional
Decision-making
O modelo racional
• Identificação do problema, organização e
classificação dos valores, metas objectivos
1.
• 1. Situação
• What is the problem/issue?
• Why is this a problem? (What causes the problem?)
• For whom (individual, household, group, community,
society in general) does this problem exist?
• Who has a stake in the problem? (Who cares whether
it is resolved or not?)
• What do we know about the problem/issue/people
that are involved? What research, experience do we
have? What do existing research and experience say?
Análise dos Problemas
• 1. State the issue or problem.
• Example:
• Too many kids are obese.
• Farming dependent communities are experiencing population loss.
• Youth are poorly equipped to enter the job market.
• Communities are experiencing conflicts over agricultural land development and farmland preservation.
• 2. Ask "Why?"
• Example:
"Why are so many kids obese?"
• Answer:
• Because they eat fatty foods.
• Because they get little exercise.
• Because they…
• 3. For each answer, ask, "But, why?"
• Continue until the "But, why?" questions have been answered
• Example:
But, why do they eat fatty foods? .
• Answer:
• Because they like the taste.
• Because they are available in the home/at school.
• Because they haven't tried alternatives.
• Because…
• But, why do they like the taste? Because…
• But, why are they available in the home/at school? Because…
• But, why haven't they tried alternatives… Because…
• But, why do they get little exercise? Because…
• 4. For each answer, look at WHO is involved - who is part of the problem and its resolution?
• Engage others to help define and clarify situations and problems that form the foundation of your logic model development .