Cassia fistula

Trees of Hyderabad
a pictorial guide

(Blank page)
P.V. Prasanna
N. Chandra Mohan Reddy
M. Venkat Ramana
P. Venu

Terminalia chebula in fruiting

BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

 Trees of Hyderabad
a pictorial guide
CONTENTS
FOREWORD i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

INTRODUCTION iii-xv
© Botanical Survey of India
Date of Publication 1st October 2012 MAP xvi-xvii

Published by
TREES (Annonaceae-Zygophyllaceae) 1-266
Botanical Survey of India REFERENCES 268-269
Ministry of Environment and Forests
CGO Complex, 3rd MSO Building, DF Block INDEX 270-279
5 th and 6 th Floor, Salt Lake City,
Kolkata – 700 064

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No part of this work may be reproduced or
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Cover credits
Front - Golkonda Fort with Ficus benghalensis L.
branches - Photo by N. Chandra Mohan Reddy
Back - Butea monosperma Taub. photo by Dr. P Venu

Layout & Design by Anand Kumar,

anandayya@yahoo.com

Printed at

Cochlospermum religiosum Handroanthus impetiginosus

 FOREWORD

In India, urban green spaces are considered as a part of cultural, economic

and ecological traditions. They include a diverse range of species that are unique
to the local environment and socio-cultural mores. They not only contribute to the
aesthetic scenario of an urban set up, but also to conservation, and sustainable land
management. The Deccan Regional Centre of the Botanical Survey of India has
been actively engaged in preparing an inventory of the flora of Hyderabad since
its inception in 2006. This pursuit is to document the city flora to bring awareness
in people and also to execute it before the city’s landscape changes due to rapid
urbanization. Numerous field visits were undertaken particularly in plant rich
zones for almost five years and now the Centre has come out with a user friendly
publication on the trees of Hyderabad. The publication uses minimum technical
terminology but well supported by 1433 colour images to arrive at identities
of 271 trees of Hyderabad. I am delighted that this document is completed with
the collaboration of forest department, and in consequence could include many
introduced trees in enlisting. There is no doubt that, this book will not only appeal
the diverse scientific stake holders-students, researchers, foresters, but also will be
of immense help to tourists and public as an identification manual. I also accentuate
the motivation and painstaking effort of the centre by collecting and depositing
all voucher specimens for every species documented in the book. I am happy that
this book is published at most appropriate moment when Hyderabad is hosting the
XI Conference of Parties (CoP-11) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and
trust that the work is appreciated for the efforts that the authors put in.

Date:
Paramjit Singh
Director, Botanical Survey of India

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT INTRODUCTION
The natural tree cover of urban areas is
under tremendous pressure owing to
construction activity in ever expanding
cities to accommodate continuous influx of
people migrating in search of livelihoods.
They incline to settle down there as the
cities offer them better facilities. Negative
Authors sincerely thank the following for the facilities, encouragement, support and impact of this development on the wild
guidance. plant resources is vividly perceivable in
majority of cities. The lack of complete
Dr. Paramjit Singh,Director; Dr. D.K. Singh, Addl. Director; Dr. Rolla Sehsagiri Rao, former
knowledge of the practices we adopt, the
Director i/c; Dr. S.S. Dash, Scientist C; Dr. V. Sampath Kumar, IBLO; Dr. L. Rasingam,
Scientist–C; Dr. W. Arisdason, Scientist-B; Dr. Mudadla Sankara Rao, Presv. Asst.; Dr. consequences thereof, the ignorance about
Dinesh Albertson, RA; Mr. Aloke R. Chorghe JRF and Sri Varre Narsimha Rao, MTS from the trees we own and their importance in
Botanical Survey of India; the overall habitat health are obviously
the reasons for the state of affairs in the
Anand Kumar A., Zool. Asst. and Karutha Pandi, SRF from Zoological Survey of India, cities prevailing today. This situation can
[FBS], Hyderabad;
be negated when plant wealth of cities
Sri S.V. Kumar, IFS, PCCF; Sri. Hitesh Malhotra, IFS; Dr. Manoranjan Bhanja, IFS; in terms of species richness, the identity,
Sri. Venkateshwara Reddy and Sri. Ramesh from AP Forest department; composition and the silent services they
render are made known. This can be
Prof. B. Bhadraiah, Registrar, Satavahana University; Prof. T. Rajagopal, Prof. (Ret.); pursued through documentation of tree
P. Satyanarayana Reddy Retd. Prof. (Ret.), Sri. Jetti Swamy, JRF and E. Venkatesh, JRF from
wealth of every city including exotics. The
Osmania University;
documentation efforts were already put in
Dr. K.P. Sastry, Scientist i/c and Dr. B.R. Rajeshwara Rao, Sr. Scientist from Central different cities and publications like ‘Trees
Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic plants (CIMAP); of Delhi’ (P. Krishen, 2006), ‘Flowering
plants of Indian institute of science: A
Dr. M. Sanjappa, Former Director, BSI and Prof. K. N. Ganeshaiah, Head, Dept. of Forestry field guide’ (K. Sankara Rao, 2009) ‘Wild
and environmental sciences and school of ecology and conservation, UAS from GKVK,
edible fruit plants of Eastern India’ (A.K.
Bengaluru;
Mahapatra & P.C. Panda, 2009) and ‘Trees
and of Pune’ (Shrikant Ingalhalikar & Sharvari
Bharve, 2010), to name a few, have
Sri. Golla Naresh, Sri Muntha Devaraj and Smt. Lalitha.
brought plant wealth of urban areas in an
ii
appealing way. With a similar objective,
the Deccan regional centre of the Botanical
Survey of India initiated documenting
the flora of Hyderabad. The publication
comprises 271 species of trees recorded
from metropolis of Hyderabad with brief
descriptions, superbly illustrated with
ample photographs and precise location.
It was demonstrated well in the past how
best such publications generate interest
in students, teachers, amateurs and
professionals alike in plant resources in
their vicinity. With many colleges situated
around the city and a few protected areas
its vicinity with knowledgeable foresters
managing them, the book is expected
to unite all citizens in the conservation
movement and in evolving right strategies
to make the city truly green with its native
species. We humbly declare that this
publication is not the final word on the tree
wealth of Hyderabad and hope that this
publication will act as a catalyst to unearth
few more species not documented in the
present work. We welcome such efforts by
all and their inclusion is taken care of in
future edition of this work.
iii
 Topography
Hyderabad, the capital city of Andhra
Pradesh which is also known as city of pearls,
is situated on the Deccan plateau between
170 36l N latitudes and 780 47l E longitudes
with average elevation of 540 msl on the
banks of Musi river. This is one of the metro
cities of India and favourite destination for
Information Technology related industries.
The highest point in the Hyderabad is
Banjara hills having 665 msl. Most of the
city has variously shaped gneissic granite
rock formations which are oldest in the
world. The Greater Hyderabad municipal
corporation (GHMC) formed in April 2007
comprises former Hyderabad Municipal
Corporation, 10 municipalities and 8 Gram
panchayats from Ranga Reddy district and
2 municipalities from Medak district. With
the formation of GHMC, the area rose to
625 km2 from 172 km2. It is divided into five
zones (South, East, North, West and Central
zones), 18 Circles and 150 Wards.
Climate: Hyderabad exhibits tropical
climate with hot summer (March–June) and
pleasant winter from late October-February.
Average annual rainfall is about 772 mm
that spreads between 2nd week of June and
early October.
iv
Demography: As per 2011 census, the park and Hyderabad central university.
population of Hyderabad is 7,74,9334. These findings are a clear testimony to the
Telugu and Urdu are the principal fact that the Hyderabad city flora requires
languages spoken in the city. a comprehensive documentation, which
has now been undertaken by the Botanical
City of lakes: Hyderabad is popular for Survey of India and has rich potential for
its lakes and tanks (widely known as novelties in plant species. Plant surveys
‘kuntas’ in local dialect). Some of them are initiated in 2007 for documenting flora
Hussainsagar, Himayatsagar, Osmansagar, of Hyderabad has so far recorded c.1500
Durgam Cheruvu Ibrahimpatnam species belonging to 730 genera and 160
Cheruvu, Satam Cheruvu, Samalakunta, families.
Floristic richness:
and many others.
Chiefly, scrub and dry deciduous Previous studies:
History: The city consists of twin cities
types of vegetation are seen in the study
n a m e l y, Systematic studies on plants of
area. Despite rapid urbanization of the
erstwhile Hyderabad state was initiated
city, the biodiversity is well preserved at
by state forest department and Osmania
several locations viz., three National parks
university. For the first time, a list of
located within and adjoining limits of the
forest plants appeared in Campell’s
city, University of Hyderabad campus,
(1898) ‘Glimpses of the Nizam’s dominions’
Osmania university campus, ANGRAU
published by State government. In 1909,
campus, Agri-biodiversty park, ICRISAT
detailed account of plants was published
campus etc. It is interesting to know that
in ‘The imperial Gazetteer of India’
plant species new to science and new
provincial series, Hyderabad state. During
distributional records for the country
the same period, Bisco, a forest officer
have been recently described from the
Hyderabad and Secunderabad. listed 128 chief timber yielding and other
city limits of Hyderabad. Contrary to the
Hyderabad was founded by the Golkonda economically important plants for the
general belief that urbanized cities might
rulers–the Qutub Shahi dynasty in 1590. state. This was followed by Partridge’s
not possess much wild plant resources, the
Secunderabad was established in the ‘Forest flora of Hyderabad state’ (1911)
present study on the flora of Hyderabad has
early part of 19th Century as a military containing a consolidated floristic
revealed the distribution of insectivorous
cantonment for British colonial forces. account of the forest plants. Khan (1953),
plants well within the heart of the city like
Secunderabad named after the then revised Patridge’s work with additions
KBR National park, Mrugavani National
Nizam, Sikander Jahit is delineated from of grasses and ferns. Santapau (1958),
Hyderabad by Tankbund on Hussainsagar recorded 146 flowering plants from the
lake. The twin cities have many heritage present area. Rajagopal’s (1973) work on
sites based on culture, archaeological Flora coupled with studies on the foliar
monuments, musea and interesting rock epidermal characters has contributed to
formations. the better understanding of the flora of
Hyderabad district. His studies comprise
876 species. University of Hyderabad flora
has been studied by K. Seshagiri Rao and
v
 Analysis
Author Families Genera Species For the sake of convenience, families and within family genera and species are arranged
alphabetically.
*E.A. Patridge (1911) 76 269 449 Family Genera Species
Alangiaceae 01 01
*M.S. Khan (1953) 84 348 551 Anacardiaceae 06 06
Annonaceae 03 06 species & 2 varieties
*T. Rajagopal (1973) 124 583 876 Apocynaceae 05 08
Araliaceae 01 01
*K. Seshagirirao (2002) 126 435 853
Balanitaceae 01 01
**Ch. Sudhakar Reddy et al. (2000) 52 117 175 Bignoniaceae 13 15
Bixaceae 01 03
*M.Venkat Ramana (2010) 160 724 1335 Boraginaceae 02 05
Burseraceae 04 06
* These works deal with total flora of the area. Cannabaceae 01 01
** This publication deals with checklist of trees of Hyderabad. Some of the trees reported Capparacea 02 02
in this publication but could not be located during the present work are: Acacia mangium, Caricaceae 01 01
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Euphorbia nivulia, Fernandoa adenophylla, Grevillea banksii, Litchi Casuarinaceae 01 01
chinensis, Syzygium aromaticum and Syzygium malaccense.
Celastraceae 01 01
Clusiaceae 02 02
for the first time, the flora of the campus Hyderabad (excluding tree species of
Combretaceae 03 07
(724 species) was made available online Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms)
Dilleniaceae 01 01
which is being continuously updated. In deals with 271 species (including
Ebenaceae 01 03
2010, Venkat Ramana’s studies on flora infraspecific taxa) belonging to 170 genera
Euphorbiaceae 05 07
[doctoral thesis (in ed.)] has brought to under 55 families. Among these, 170 trees
Hernandiaceae 01 01
limelight many unreported species from are indigenous and 104 are exotic. Prime
Lauraceae 01 01
Hyderabad. A summary of floristic works objective of this publication is to provide
Lecythidaceae 03 04
related to Hyderabad is presented below. the reader a pictorial guide to the trees of 16 species and 1 sub
Hyderabad with brief description and Leguminosae- Papilionoideae 10
species
22 species and 1
suitable photographs to help their Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae 12
variety
Present work identification. To the maximum extent, Leguminosae- Mimosoideae 08 19
Present work on inventorying flora of each tree species is provided with photos Loganiaceae 01 02
Hyderabad was initiated in 2007. During of habit, bark, foliage, inflorescence, Lythraceae 01 03
this period, 180 days of field work was flower, fruit and seeds. The correct name Magnoliaceae 01 02
of the tree, its family, common names, Malvaceae s.l. (including
done and about 7300 specimens were 26 species and 1
brief description containing salient Bombacaceae, sterculiaceae & 15
collected. Field trips were conducted variety
features, common uses, origin and local Tiliaceae)
to different areas in GHMC limits and Meliaceae 07 07
also to arboreta and parks located in distribution are provided. In description
Moraceae 04 20
the periphery of Greater Hyderabad. part, it is endeavored to minimize the
This dedicated publication on trees of usage of technical terms to enable users

vi vii
 Family Genera Species Photo credits: All the photographs • A
Moringaceae 01 01 published in this work are taken by large
Muntingiaceae 01 01 authors of this publication during the grove
Myrtaceae 06 09 field trips. o f
Nyctaginaceae 01 01
Olacaceae 01 01 Noteworthy trees
Oleaceae 01 01
Saviour tree: An old tamarind tree
Oxalidaceae 01 02 (Tamarindus indica) at Osmania general
Phyllanthaceae 01 02 hospital known for providing refuge to
Putranjivaceae 01 01 many flood affected people when the
Polygonaceae 01 01 city was ravaged by devastating floods of
Proteaceae 01 02 Moosi River in 1908. Commemorative ‘Indian lavender’ trees (Bursera
Punicaceae 01 01 gathering was held in 2008 near this tree penicillata) at Harina Vanasthali
Rhamnaceae 01 02 as a mark of thanksgiving gesture and National park.
Rubiaceae 08 10 an enclosure is made around the tree to
Rutaceae 05 06 ensure its protection.
Salicaceae (Flacourtiaceae) 01 01
01 species and 01
Salvadoraceae 01
variety
Santalaceae 01 01
Sapindaceae 02 02
04 species and 01
Sapotaceae 03
variety
Simaroubaceae 02 03
Solanaceae 01 01
Ulmaceae 01 01 • Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) at
Verbenaceae 05 07 Gonegandla village near Serlingampally
Zygophyllaceae 01 01 and at Kalyanapuri, Uppal.
Heritage trees: Some of the trees which
to comprehend the salient features of the In this publication, trees between 3-5 are very old and thriving well till today
tree. While citing the common names, m height are considered as small sized; by virtue of their presence in the places of
first local names in Telugu followed by 5-10 m height as medium sized and worship and near to historical monuments
popular Hindi and English names have beyond 10 m height as tall trees. For the are:
been followed. All the tree species are sake convenience, families and within
provided with details of the voucher family, genera and species are arranged • Baobab trees (Adansonia digitata)
specimen indicating field number prefixed alphabetically. The book is to prompt not are at different parts of the city. At
with standard herbarium acronym (BSID) only awareness among general public many places, the tree is worshipped as
of this regional centre. Voucher specimens about the tree wealth of this city but to Kalpavriksh by locals. Baobab tree at
of all tree species given in the publication encourage a policy of preserving the left Nayaquila (foot hill of Golkonda fort)
are deposited in this herbarium which out rich vegetational zones for them to go near the HGA golf course is supposed • Pogada (Mimusops elengi) tree in the
can be accessed by all for further clarity. on and flourish. to be one of the oldest in the country. mosque, Jame Masjid-E-Murgichowk,

viii ix
 Clock tower, near Charminar.
• Asoka (Saraca asoca) tree at Kidwai
• Raavi (Ficus religiosa) at Patancheru.
Hyderabad rulers love for trees:
Erstwhile rulers of Hyderabad are known
to have played key role in planting trees
at many avenues and near mosques. It is
said that, the tree branches of the avenue
trees were used as holders of the lamps to
lighten the pathways. Another significant
contribution is in developing ‘Baghs’
(Gardens) near the habitations. A few
notable baghs in the city are: Basheerbagh,
Ibrahimbagh, Moosarambagh,
Seethrambagh, Kundanbagh, Sherbagh,
Akbarbagh etc.
Interesting tree associations:
• At many places in the city, Marri (Ficus
benghalensis) associated with Thati
Cottage, Agriculture university, (Borassus flabellifer) is very common.
Rajendranagar. This tree was planted by Common parasite on the trees:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first president
of Independent India on 4-7-1955. Throughout Hyderabad city, the parasite
‘Badanika’ (Dendrophthoe falcata) is found
to infest neem, mango, pomegranate and
guava trees.

• Sivalingam tree (Couroupita

guianensis) at old botanical garden of
Osmania university.

• Raavi (Ficus religiosa) tree association

with Neem (Azadirachta indica).

x xi

Common avenue trees:
City offers pleasant look at several avenues
due to trees planted on either side and
along the road medians. Following tree
species are usually used for this purpose.
Along road median:
• Ficus religiosa (Raavi)
• Peltophorum pterocarpum (Konda
chinta or Copper pod tree)
• Ceiba pentandra (Tella buruga)
• Sterculia foetida (Adavi babam)
• Delonix regia (Thurai)
• Bauhinia purpurea (Deva
Kanchanamu)
• Albizia saman (Rain tree)
• Thespesia populnea (Ganga raavi)
• Terminalia catappa (Badam)
• Pongamia pinnata (Kanuga)
• Dalbergia sissoo (Sissu)
Hyderabad city, a haven for plant
introductions: AP State forest department,
Hyderabad Metropolitan development
authority (HMDA), Greater Hyderabad
Municipal Corporation (GHMC), Faculty
of Botany from Osmania university, Central
Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
(CIMAP) have introduced many plants in
Hyderabad at Sanjeevaiah park, Indira park,
Theme garden for Ficus species at Jubilee
hills near Durgam cheruvu, Botanical and
experimental gardens and Arboretum at
Dulapally. These locations house good
collections of plant species introduced
from different parts of the country. Tree
cover of the city is constantly boosted due
to the relentless efforts of certain forest
officials and scientists like Dr. M.R. Bhanja
IFS, N. Chandramohan Reddy IFS, Dr.
B.R. Rajeswara Rao (Senior scientist from
CIMAP) and others in introducing wild
and exotic plants to strengthen the overall
species diversity in the city.
Abbreviations used in the work
ANGRAU : Acharya N.G. Ranga
Agricultural University
BSID : Herbarium acronym for the Deccan
Regional Centre of Botanical Survey of
India, Hyderabad
CIMAP : Central Institute of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants
Eng. : English
ICFRE : Indian Council of Forestry
Research and Education
ICRISAT : International Crops Research
Institute for the Semi–Arid Tropics
KBR : Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National
Park
LACONES : Laboratory for Conservation
of Endangered Species
OU : Osmania University
Tel. : Telugu

• Grevillea
robusta (Silver oak)
• Mimusops elengi (Pogada)
• Millingtonia hortensis (Aakasha malle)
• Swietenia macrophylla (Jamican
Mahogany)
• Sterculia foetida (Adavi badam)
• Tabebuia aurea (Golden yellow
trumpet tree)
Along roadsides
xii xiii
 IDENTIFICATION OF TREES UP TO GENERIC LEVEL BASED ON LEAF CHARACTERS
LEAVES

SIMPLE MODIFIED/REDUCED COMPOUND

Casuarina (Scales), Acacia (Phyllodes),
Euphorbia (Reduced)
LOBED PINNATE
UNLOBED PALMATE
Bauhinia, Carica, Cochlospermum, Adansonia, Bombax, Ceiba,
Firmiana, Grevillea, Gyrocarpus, Handroanthus, Pachira,
Jatropha, Kavalama, Sterculia. Schefflera, Sterculia,
Tabebuia, Vitex, Walsura.

1-PINNATE 2-4 PINNATE:

CLUSTERED AT ENDS OF
BRANCHLETS
Alstonia, Barringtonia,
Careya, Bucida, Calophyllum,
Ceriscoides, Clusia, Couroupita,
Crescentia, Dillenia, Euphorbia,
Gardenia, Madhuca, Manilkara,
Pachypodium, Plumeria,
Reutealis
NOT CLUSTERED AT ENDS OF
BRANCHLETS
AROMATIC
NOT AROMATIC
Cinnamomum,
Corymbia, Eucalyptus,
Melaleuca, Syzygium
CORDATE-ROUNDED
Haldina, Coccoloba, Eriolaena,
Hibiscus, Kleinhovia, Macaranga,
Mitragyna, Pterospermum,
Thespesia, Gmelina, Gyrocarpus
LEAFLETS FEW (1-5)
Aegle, Balanites, Butea,
Citrus, Clitoria, Crateva,
Desmodium, Erythrina,
Hardwickia, Naringi,
Pterocarpus, Rhus
OTHER THAN CORDATE
Acacia, Adenanthera,
Albizia, Caesalpinia,
Cassia, Colvillea, Delonix,
Dichrostachys, Jacaranda,
LEAFLETS NUMEROUS (> 5) Leucaena, Melia, Millingtonia,
Ailanthus, Averrhoa, Azadirachta, Moringa, Oroxylum, Parkia,
Boswellia, Brownea, Bursera,
Parkinsonia, Peltophorum,
Cassia, Chloroxylon, Chukrasia, Pithecellobium, Prosopis,
Commiphora, Dalbergia, Radermachera, Senna,
Dolichandrone, Filicium, Garuga, Stereospermum
Gliricidia, Guaiacum, Kigelia,
Lannea, Limonia, Markhamia,
Millettia, Murraya, Pongamia,
Sapindus, Saraca, Sesbania,
Simarouba, Soymida, Spathodea,
Stereospermum, Swietenia,
Tamarindus, Tecoma

LATEX PRESENT LATEX ABSENT

Euphorbia, Ficus, Mimusops, Streblus,
Artocarpus, Holarrhena, Morus

SMALL (< 6 cm) LARGE(>6 cm)

Bridelia, Callistemon, Phyllanthus, Punica,
Capparis, Diospyros, Drypetes, Ehretia,
Flacourtia, Grewia, Hamelia, Muntingia,
Nyctanthes, Premna, Salacia, Salvadora,
Santalum, Ximenia
xiv
Anogeissus, Alangium, Anacardium, Annona, Bridelia, Buchanania,
Cananga, Citharexylum, Diospyros, Guazuma, Holoptelea, Ixora,
Lagerstroemia, Magnolia, Mallotus, Mangifera, , Pavetta, Pisonia, Polyalthia,
Psidium, Semecarpus, Solanum, Strychnos, Terminalia, Trema, Wrightia,
Ziziphus, Bixa, Cordia, Morinda, Neolamarckia, Pterygota, Tectona
xv
xvi xvii
xviii
Deciduous tree; bark brown-grey, smooth,
peeling in thin vertical flakes; branches
drooping, profuse, spinescent. Leaves
simple, lanceolate-oblong. Flowers appear
from February-March, in fascicles on
leafless branches, fragrant, white with
reflexed petals and long anthers. Fruits
(Berries) appear from April-May, ovoid-
globose, with persistent calyx, red when
ripe, single seeded.
Common throughout Hyderabad in open
habitats and in National parks. BSID, 1119.

Native: India.

Uses: Bark, roots, leaves

and seeds are used in
traditional systems of
medicine. Fruits are
relished by birds.

1
 Evergreen tree; bark brownish grey.
Leaves simple, obovate-oblong, thick,
shining. Flowers appear from January-
April, polygamous, in terminal panicles
and in leaf axils, pale yellow, turning
pinkish red. Fruits (Nuts) appear from
April-June, kidney shaped, with thick,
fleshy hypocarp which is orange or
crimson when ripe.
Planted in gardens, arboreta, backyards
of houses and also cultivated in large scale
on outskirts of city for its edible fruits.
Forest arboretum, Dulapally. BSID, 1122.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Processed nut and fleshy hypocarp are edible; bark
used in traditional systems of medicine.
2 3
Semi evergreen tree; bark dark
grey-black, rough with regular
and rectangular scales, reddish
inside. Leaves simple, oblong, with
distinct midvein. Flowers appear
from November-December, in
terminal and axillary panicles,
greenish yellow, sessile. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from March-
May, ovoid to globose, purplish
black, single seeded.
Occurs wild in University of
Hyderabad and also planted in
medicinal plant gardens, arboreta.
BSID, 2010.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits are edible.
 Deciduous tree; bark whitish-grey-
green, smooth. Leaves crowded at
the ends of the branchlets, pinnately
compound, ovate-oblong with finely
toothed margins. Flowers appear from
March, in pendulous, sessile, racemes
at ends of branchlets, pale yellow
with pinkish stripes; male racemes
compound. Fruits (Berries) appear
from March-May, oblong, smooth,
shining, compressed, reddish when
ripe, single seeded.
Occurs wild in protected areas
in National parks and university
campuses. BSID, 1237.
Native: India.
Uses: Gum exudate
from cut portion of
the bark is used in
traditional systems of
medicine.
4 5
Evergreen tree; bark greyish to
black, with numerous small fissures
and exfoliating in scales. Leaves
simple, crowded at ends of the
branches elliptic to lanceolate,
shining. Flowers appear from
November- December, small, in
terminal panicles, greenish yellow,
polygamous,. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from March-May, ovoid-
oblong, highly variable in size and
form; single seeded.
Various cultivars are planted in
kitchen gardens, and also cultivated
in large scale on city suburbs for its
edible fruits. BSID, 2172.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe and unripe
fruits are edible. Wood
is used for various
purposes.

Small bushy tree with thorny
branches; bark greyish, smooth;
young parts densely hairy. Leaves
3-foliolate; leaflets unequal, laterals
broadly ovate, terminal oblong,
wavy on margins. Flowers appear
from November-December, small, in
axillary panicles, pale yellow, Fruits
(Drupes) appear from December-
March, globose, reddish when ripe,
shining.
Common, in National parks and
university campuses. KBR National
park. BSID, 1632.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark is used in tanning leather. Fruits used in
traditional systems of medicine.
6 7
Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown,
peeling off in thin irregular flakes. Leaves
simple, obovate or oblong-elliptic, dark
green above, pale beneath, leathery.
Flowers appear from August-September,
in terminal large panicles, pale yellow
with spreading stamens,. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from November-January,
obliquely ovoid-orbicular, smooth,
shining, black when ripe with fleshy
orange colored receptacle.
Occurs wild in University of Hyderabad
and in National parks. BSID, 2007.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripened receptacles
are edible. Fruit contains
corrosive juice which is
used as marking ink.
 Small evergreen tree with rusty hairy Small evergreen tree; bark greenish,
branches. Leaves simple, broadly ovate, smooth, lenticellate. Leaves simple,
densely velvety below. Flowers appear oblong, glossy green, nerves impressed
from June-July, in leaf opposed or on the upper surface. Flowers appear
extra axillary cymes, greenish, solitary from July-August, large, showy,
or 2-3,. Fruits (Syncarp) appear from drooping, perianth lobes 6, fleshy,
August-November, ovoid-conical with outer 3 large, inner 3 small, creamish
protuberances. with blood red blotch at base. Fruit
(Syncarp) appear from March-May,
oblong to spherical, yellow when ripen.
Occasionally Planted in University of
Hyderabad. BSID, 2289. Planted. Forest arboretum, Dulapally.
BSID, 1973.
Native: Southern America.
Native: South America.
Uses: Ripe fruits are edible.
Uses: Fruits are edible and the tree is preferred
ornamental for its evergreen foliage and showy
flowers.

8 9
 Medium sized tree; bark greyish,
smooth; young branches hairy. Leaves
simple, oblong-obovate, glossy, dark
green. Flowers appear from June-July,
greenish yellow, solitary or paired in leaf
opposed or extra-axillary cymes. Fruit
(Syncarp) appear from November-
March, dark green, ovoid-globose, with
recurved spines; seeds embedded in
white pulp.
Planted in gardens for edible fruits and
evergreen foliage. ANGRAU Campus.
BSID, 2182.
Native: Tropical America.
10
Small trees; bark greyish, smooth;
young branches softly hairy. Leaves
simple, oblong-lanceolate, dark green,
shining. Flowers appear from August-
September, greenish yellow, 2-3 on
leaf opposed or extra-axillary cymes.
Fruit (Syncarp) appear from October-
March, subglobose, wall with pentagonal
appendages, yellow when ripe; seeds
black, shining, embedded in pulp.
Occasionally planted in gardens and
homesteads for its edible fruits. BSID,
2118.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Fruits are edible.
11
 Small evergreen tree; bark smooth, greyish.
Small trees; bark greyish, dark brown
Leaves simple, clustered at the ends of the
with vertical lines in old trees. Leaves
branchlets, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers appear
simple, oblong-lanceolate, glossy
from March-April, large, greenish, fragrant,
green, nerves distinct on upper
pendulous, in leaf axils, solitary or in cymes.
surface. Flowers appear from July
Perianth lobes linear, recurved at apex. Fruit
-August, greenish yellow, fleshy,
(Apocarp) appear from June-November;
solitary or in groups of 1-4 in leaf
monocarps ovoid, dark purplish when ripe,
opposed cymes. Fruit (Syncarp)
one seeded.
appear from October-November,
globose-ovoid with projecting bumpy
external projections; seeds shining Planted. Sanjeevaiah park. BSID, 2253.
black, embedded in sweet pulp.
Common, occurs wild in National Native: India.
parks, wastelands and also planted in
house-yards and gardens for its edible Uses: Ornamental tree. Flowers yield
essential oils used in soaps, cosmetics, and
fruits. BSID,1281. perfumes.
Native: West Indies. Naturalized in India.
Uses: Fruits are edible. All
parts of the plant are used
in ayurvedic medicine.
Note: Due to large scale
market for the fruit, an
area in Hyderabad is
named after the fruit as
‘Sitaphalmandi’.

12 13
 M e d i u m sized evergreen tree with Note: There are two distinct forms under cultivation, one with straight stem
spreading branches; bark smooth, and pendulous branches (Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula) forming a compact
greyish-brown. Leaves simple, glossy, columnar crown and the other one (Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia) with
lanceolate, wavy on margins. Flowers spreading, erect branches and linear leaves.
appear from March, greenish-pale
yellow in pendant umbels on the
stem and branches hiding in foliage.
Fruits (Berries) appear from May-
September, ovoid-globose, purplish
black when ripe.

Frequently planted in gardens as an

ornamental for its foliage. BSID, 2123
and 2216.

Native: Sri Lanka.

14 15
 Evergreen tree; bark smooth,
greyish. Leaves simple, whorled
at apex of the branchlets, ovate-
oblong, milky latex present.
Flowers appear from March-April,
in terminal umbels white, fragrant.
Fruits (Follicles) appear from June-
November, linear, many seeded;
after dehiscing, the pericarps of the
follicles persist for longer time on
the tree.
Planted in gardens. Sanjeevaiah
park. BSID, 2239.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue and ornamental tree
for shade and fragrant flowers.
16
Large evergreen tree with whorled
branches and milky latex; bark brownish
to black, corky. Leaves simple, whorled at
end of the branchlets, 5-7 at each node,
oblong, leathery, dark green above, pale
beneath. Flowers appear from November-
December, in umbellate, racemose cymes,
white, strongly odorous in compact. Fruits
(Follicles) appear from February-May,
pendulous; seeds numerous, papery with
deciduous tuft of white silky hairs.
Frequently planted in gardens, along
roadsides, in colonies as an ornamental
and avenue tree for glossy evergreen
foliage. BSID, 1142.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark used in traditional systems of
medicine.
17
 Deciduous small tree with milky latex;
bark greyish, smooth, lenticellate,
peels off in irregular flakes in old
trees. Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate,
narrowed at apex, undulate on
margins. Flowers appear from
March-July, in axillary and terminal
cymes white, fragrant, with yellow
throat. Fruits (Follicles) appear from
December-March, paired, cylindric,
equal or unequal at ends; seeds
linear-oblong with apical tuft of light
brown hairs.
Occurs wild in KBR National park
in rocky situations and also planted
in medicinal plant gardens, arboreta.
BSID, 1910.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark is highly valued in traditional systems of
medicine.
18
Deciduous tree, looks like palm; stem
bottle shaped, silvery shiny with full
of thorns; thorns in pairs; straight
and sharp. Leaves simple, clustered
at the apex of branchlets, oblong, mid
rib distinct; milky latex abundant.
Flowers appear from March-April, in
terminal umbels white, fragrant.
Planted. Sanjeevaiah park. BSID,
2279.
Native: Madagascar.
Uses: Ornamental for its bottle
shaped bole and habit similar to
palms.
19
 Small evergreen tree with dense Small evergreen tree with dense foliage; bark
crown and milky latex; bark greyish, smooth. Leaves simple, spiral, appears
brownish yellow, smooth with whorled at apex of branchlets, shining, spoon
circular rings. Leaves simple, shaped with tapering apex, dark green above,
spirally clustered at the ends of pale beneath. Flowers appear round the year,
the branchlets, oblong, thick, in terminal umbels, fragrant, snow white with
dark green above, pale beneath. yellow throat.
Flowers appear round the year,
in terminal, corymbs, white Planted in gardens. Sanjeevaiah Park, BSID,
with spoon shaped petals and 2252.
yellow throat, fragrant. Fruits
(Follicles) appear in March- Native: Central America.
May, in pairs or solitary, oblong,
greyish black, with numerous, Uses: Ornamental tree for showy flowers and
winged seeds. evergreen foliage.
Frequently planted in gardens,
office campuses, near temples.
BSID, 1777.
Native: Central America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for evergreen foliage, showy
bloom and compact habit.

20 21
 Deciduous tree with
dichotomous branches with
full of tenacious milky latex;
bark greenish brown, smooth.
Leaves simple, spirally
aggregate at ends of branches,
l a n c e o l at e - o b l a n c e o l at e ,
thick, nerves impressed on
upper surface. Flowers appear
throughout year, in terminal
peduncled corymbs creamish
yellow to brick red, fragrant.
Fruits (Follicles) linear-oblong;
seeds winged.
Frequently planted in gardens,
kitchen gardens, office
campuses and temples. BSID, 1224.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for foliage and showy bloom.
Note: Several cultivars with various colours
are under cultivation.
22
Deciduous tree with abundant milky
latex; bark smooth greyish out side,
brownish inside, smooth, peeling off
as thin scales. Leaves simple, elliptic-
ovate or oblong, short petioled. Flowers
appear twice in January-March
and July-August, in dichotomously
branched terminal cymes, fragrant,
white, corolla with corona of numerous
linear scales. Fruits (Follicles) appear
major parts of the year, in pairs,
pendulous, cohering basally in the
beginning and gets separated later. Seeds numerous, linear,
3-angled, brownish with a basal tuft of deciduous hairs.
Frequent in rocky habitats in university campuses and National
parks. BSID,1198.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark is used in traditional systems of medicine.
23
 Evergreen tree with dense foliage; bark
smooth, greyish black; stem multiple
branched from above the base; aerial
roots present in old trees. Leaves
palmately compound; leaflets oblong,
drooping on long petiole. Flowers
appear from March-May in clusters
on terminally large radiating umbrella
shaped racemes, brick red, sessile. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from May-September,
ovoid, with persistent cup shaped calyx.
Frequently planted in gardens. ICRISAT
Campus and NTR Gardens. BSID, 2239.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Ornamental tree for evergreen
foliage and attractive inflorescence that
resembles octopus tentacles.
24
Small thorny tree with pendulous
branches; bark rugged, grey to brown.
Leaves 2-foliate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
thick, sometimes thorns bear leaves.
Flowers appear from February-May, in
fascicled cymes, greenish white. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from May-November,
ash green, oblong-ovoid, slightly 5
grooved, single seeded, embedded in
pulp.
Occurs wild in Mahavir Harinavanasthali
National Park. BSID,1017.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark is used in traditional
systems of medicine. Deers are fond
of eating ripened fruits.
25
 Small evergreen tree with crooked
trunk and widely spreading,
horizontal branches; bark corky,
light grey to black. Leaves simple,
clustered along the branches,
spoon shaped. Flowers appear
from February-March, on the stem
and branches, yellowish inside,
dark purplish stripes outside,
spread foul smell.
Planted in gardens as ornamental
tree for evergreen foliage and
curious cauliflorus flowers and
fruits. Indira Park. BSID, 2156.
Origin: Tropical America.
26
Small deciduous tree; bark smooth, light
grey-brownish, exfoliating in irregular
scales; young branches pubescent. Leaves
pinnately compound; leaflets, 5-7, elliptic-
orbicular. Flowers appear from March-
July, in few flowered corymbs on leafless
branches snow white with sheathing
calyx and crinkled petals, fragrant. Fruits
(Capsules) appear in major parts of the
year, long, sickle shaped; seeds numerous,
rectangular, winged.
Frequent in University campuses and
National parks. BSID, 1930.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark is used in
traditional systems of
medicine.
Note: Flowers open during
early hours and soon after
falls down.
27
 Deciduous tree; bark brown,
furrowed. Leaves palmately
compound, leaflets elliptic-
broadly ovate, completely
deciduous during full bloom.
Flowers appear from March-
May, on terminal and lateral
clusters, deep pink. Fruits
(Capsules) brown, elongated,
ribbed.
Frequently planted in gardens
and along road sides. BSID, 2266.
Native: America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for
attractive bloom.
28
Deciduous tree; bark
brownish, peeling off in
small thin flakes. Leaves
pinnately compound;
leaflets 12-20 pairs
per pinnae, narrowly
elliptic. Flowers appear
from March-April,
in terminal racemose
panicles, bluish. Fruits
(Capsules) appear
from February-May,
ellips oid-orbic ular,
woody.
Planted in gardens
and along roadsides as
an ornamental tree for showy
bloom. BSID, 1388.
Origin: South America.
29
 Evergreen tree with curious hanging
gourd like fruits; bark greyish,
smooth, brownish and rough in aged
trees. Leaves pinnately compound;
leaflets 7-13, ovate-oblong, leathery.
Flowers appear from March-April
in long, pendant, terminal drooping
racemes, deep chocolate red, with
deciduous corolla and persistent
calyx. Fruits (Capsules) appear from
June-December, large, looks like
bottle gourd, woody, hanging with
long stalks.
Frequently planted along road
sides, college campuses, in gardens
as avenue and ornamental tree for
evergreen foliage and curiously
hanging woody, gourd like fruits.
BSID, 1370.
Native: Tropical Africa.
Uses: Avenue and ornamental tree.
30
Evergreen tree with straight stem; bark
greyish, vertically fissured. Leaves pinnately
compound with auricled stipules; leaflets
7-11, oblong with finely toothed margins.
Flowers appear from July-September, in
axillary and terminal racemes, bright yellow.
Fruits (Capsules) appear from December-
March, long, flat, drooping, twisted with
numerous winged seeds, dehisced fruits
persist long time on the tree.
Planted along road sides, in gardens, near
temples as an avenue and ornamental tree
for evergreen foliage and showy flowers.
BSID, 2158.
Native: Tropical
Africa.
31
 Tall evergreen tree with drooping
branches; bark yellowish, corky brittle.
Leaves pinnately compound, leaflets
elliptic-ovate, unequal at base. Flowers
appear from October-December, in
axillary and terminal, widely branched
panicles, white, fragrant, open at night.
Fruits (Capsules) appear from March-
May, elongated, linear, compressed with
winged seeds.
Frequently planted in gardens, near
temples, house yards, along road sides
as ornamental tree for its hand some
pyramidal crown and fragrant, showy
flowers. BSID, 1267.
Native: South East Asia.
32
Deciduous tree; bark silvery white,
soft, lenticellate. Leaves large, pinnately
compound; elliptic-ovate, oblique at
base. Flowers appear from June-August,
in erect terminal racemes, large, showy,
with fleshy deciduous corolla purplish red
outside, yellowish inside with unpleasant
smell. Fruits (Capsules) appear from
November-March, large, look like sword;
seeds compressed, broad, with papery
transparent wings.
Planted. CIMAP and Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 2161.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and
fruits are used in
traditional systems
of medicines.
33
 Deciduous tree; bark yellowish to greyish,
exfoliating in small angular scales.
Leaves pinnately compound, young
ones purplish-yellowish; leaflets ovate-
lanceolate. Flowers appear from March-
April, on terminal racemes, white with
sheathing, greenish yellow calyx. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from March-June,
sickle shaped, cylindrical, seeds winged,
numerous.
Planted. Forest arboretum, Dulapally.
BSID, 2174.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for making
agricultural implements and
in construction sites.
34
Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown,
smooth; young branches brownish
pubescent. Leaves pinnately compound;
leaflets 9-19, oblong-obovate. Flowers
appear major parts of the year, in compact,
terminal, racemes, crimson orange; calyx
golden brown, wooly. Fruits (Capsules)
appear from September-December, erect,
flattened, apex pointed with papery winged
seeds, dehisced fruits persist for long on
tree.
Frequently planted in gardens, along
roadsides as an avenue and ornamental
tree, for showy flowers. BSID, 1188.
Native: Tropical Africa.
35
 Deciduous tree; bark silvery white to
pale yellow, horizontally furrowed,
exfoliating in rectangular scales. Leaves
pinnately compound; leaflets 3-4 pairs
per pinnae, elliptic-ovate, oblong,
leathery. Flowers appear from June-July,
in large lax, trichotomous, glandular
hairy panicles, dull crimson, fragrant.
Fruits (Capsules) appear from November-
March, cylindrical, slightly ribbed, rough
with elevated whitish specks, valves thick,
hard; seeds pale yellowish brown, winged.
Planted. Forest arboretum, Dulapally
and Herbal garden, Osmania University.
BSID, 2162.
Native: India.
Uses: Roots, flowers and seeds are used in
traditional systems of medicine.
36
Deciduous tree, leafless in bloom;
bark yellowish brown, corky, appear
like crocodile skin. Leaves digitate,
5-7-foliolate; leaflets slightly unequal,
lanceolate-oblong with long petiolules.
Flowers appear from January-March, in
panicles, yellow. Fruits (Capsules) appear
from March-April, cylindrical, tapering
at both ends, with numerous winged
seeds on the central axis.
Frequently planted in gardens, along
roadsides, and on road dividers as
ornamental tree for showy bloom. BSID,
1185.
Native: South America.
Note: Stems and branches grow
asymmetrically.
37
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown,
furrowed. Leaves digitate, leaflets
5, unequal, elliptic-oblong, glossy
green, shining. Flowers appear
throughout year, in terminal few
flowered racemes, pale pink with
yellow throat. Fruits (Capsules)
appear throughout year, linear-
oblong with winged seeds.
Frequently planted in gardens and
along roadsides as an ornamental
tree and avenue for showy bloom
and shining foliage. BSID, 2160.
Native: West Indies.
38
Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown,
furrowed. Leaves digitately compound;
leaflets elliptic-ovate, slightly unequal,
narrowed at apex. Flowers appear from
March-May, borne on terminal and
lateral clusters, pale-dark pink; entire
tree is leafless while in flowering. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from May-September,
brown, elongated, ribbed with winged
seeds.
Planted in gardens and along road sides.
BSID, 1843.
Native: Tropical
America.
39
 Small evergreen tree; bark
Small tree; bark brownish,
greyish with yellow specks.
smooth. Leaves pinnately
Leaves simple, ovate-cordate.
compound; leaflets variable
Flowers appear from August-
in number, sessile, toothed on
October, on rusty brown
margins, lanceolate, wedge-
terminal panicles, pinkish
shaped at base; terminal
petals and stamens, fragrant.
leaflet longer than lateral ones.
Fruits (Capsules) appear
Flowers appear round the year
from December-March,
in terminal panicles, bright
reddish green, clothed with
yellow. Fruits (Capsules) appear
soft prickles, dehisce into two
from December–March, linear,
valves and expose the brick
compressed, brown at maturity;
red colored 3-angled seeds.
seeds winged.
Planted in gardens, house
Widely planted in gardens, along
yards and also cultivated on
roadsides, in house yards as an
large scale. BSID, 624.
ornamental tree. BSID, 212.
Native: Tropical America.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Ornamental tree. Pulp around
Note: This species is very much
the seed yield red dye which is used as
similar to Tecoma stans but
coloring agent in various products.
differs in tree habit, large size
leaf blades and inflorescence
with closely clustered flowers.

40 41
 Deciduous tree with straight stem;
bark smooth, deeply furrowed, ash-
grey, red inside; young branches
and petioles pinkish. Leaves simple,
5-7 lobed; lobes with finely wavy
margins. Flowers appear from
February-March, in terminal thyrsoid
racemes, bright yellow, showy. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from May-July,
pear shaped, dehisce into 3-5 valves;
seeds numerous, whitish-reddish
hairs.
Occurs wild in rocky habitats in KBR
National park and also planted in
medicinal plant garden (CIMAP) and
Forest arboretum, Dulapally. BSID,
2057.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark, gum and flowers
are used in traditional
systems of medicine.
42
Deciduous tree; bark smooth, ash-grey;
young branches pubescent. Leaves
palmately 3-5 lobed; lobes with round
toothed on margins. Flowers appear
from February-March, in terminal
compact panicles, bright yellow, showy.
Fruits (Capsules) appear from May-
July, ovoid or pear shaped, brownish,
3-5-valved, many seeded.
Planted. Occasional. Sanjeevaiah park.
BSID, 2257.
Native: America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy
flowers.
43
 Medium sized tree with drooping
branches; bark greyish-black, with
deep vertical lines. Leaves simple,
ovate-orbicular. Flowers appear
in March, in axillary and terminal
dichotomous cymes white. Fruits
(Berries) appear from May-September,
globose-ovoid, with saucer-shaped
persistent calyx, yellowish brown,
single seeded with sticky pulp.
Found in open places. BSID, 1857.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe fruits are highly
mucilaginous, edible, effective in
curing mouth ulcers.
44
Small deciduous tree; bark greenish brown,
smooth, compact vertical lines; young
branches clothed with dense grey star shaped
hairs. Leaves simple, ovate-cordate, leathery.
Flowers appear in March, in compact cymes
on rusty peduncles, creamish white; styles
spreading. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
May-September, ovoid, with saucer-shaped,
persistent calyx.
Occasionally planted. Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 2165.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for making furniture,
agricultural implements and other
ornamental articles.
45
 Small tree; bark greyish brown, smooth,
furrowed. Leaves simple, ovate-oblong,
leathery. Flowers appear from April-June,
in terminal cymes, orange red. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from July- December,
ovoid, surrounded by persistent calyx.
Planted in gardens, office campuses and
along roadsides for attractive flowers and
evergreen foliage. BSID, 116.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Ornamental tree.
46
Small tree; bark greyish, smooth;
young branches rusty tomentose.
Leaves simple, elliptic-ovate,
leathery, thinly hairy on both sides.
Flowers appear from March-July, in
dichotomous, scorpioid cymes on
terminal racemes, white, fragrant.
Fruits (Drupes) appear from August-
September, globose, fleshy, orange red
when ripe.
Frequent in University campuses and
National parks. BSID, 1438.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe fruits edible.
47
 Small deciduous tree; bark greyish,
smooth. Leaves simple, broadly
obovate-oblong, hairy on both sides.
Flowers appear from June-November,
aggregated in scorpioid cymes on
terminal racemes, fragrant, white.
Fruits (Drupes) appear from August-
December, globose, orange at first,
turning black and wrinkled when dry,
breaks into 4 single-seeded pyrenes.
Occurs wild in KBR National park.
BSID, 1429.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for agricultural implements.
Ripened fruits are edible.
48
Medium sized tree; bark
papery, ash-colored. Leaves
crowded at ends of branches,
young foliage reddish,
imparipinnate; leaflets ovate-
oblong. Flowers appear from
March-April, in axillary
panicles, greenish. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from April-
June, trigonous with 3-nutlets.
Occasionally planted. CIMAP.
BSID, 2281.
Native: India.
Uses: Resin exudates is used
in perfumery products.
49
 Deciduous tree; bark golden yellow, Deciduous tree with short trunk and
smooth, peeling off in thin papery flakes, horizontally spreading branches; bark
resinous inside; young shoots hairy. silvery white, smooth; young branches
Leaves crowded at the ends of branches, hairy, reddish brown. Leaves odd
odd pinnate; leaflets opposite, ovate– pinnate with winged rachis; leaflets
lanceolate, entire-toothed on margins. elliptic-ovate, toothed on margins, sweet
Flowers appear from February-April, in scented when crushed. Flowers appear
axillary racemes, white with red colored from March-May, in axillary racemes,
disc. Fruits (Drupes) appear from May- greenish-pale yellow. Fruit (Drupes)
August, 3-angled, greenish yellow. appear from May-August, ovoid, softly
pubescent, reddish when ripe.
Planted. Forest arboretum, Dulapally
and Sanjeevaiah park, BSID, 1328. Planted in Mahavir Harinavanasthali
National park on large scale. BSID,1868.
Native: India.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Resin exudate from the bark is
Uses: The tree yields strongly aromatic linaloe
used as incense and traditional systems
essential oil which is used as a flavoring agent
of medicine.
in food processing industry and in
aromatherapy.

50 51
 Deciduous tree; bark green, peels off in thin Small deciduous tree with short
papery flakes. Leaves unipinnate; leaflets trunk and spiny branchlets; bark
elliptic-oblong, long acuminate, shining, greyish white-greenish, smooth,
aromatic when crushed. peeling off in long thin paper like
scrolls. Leaves simple, clustered at
Planted. Sanjeevaiah park, CIMAP. BSID, the ends of branchlets, obovate,
826. aromatic. Flowers appear from
September-October, 2-3 together
Native: India. with strap shaped petals. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from December-
Uses: The plant yields essential oil which is March, compressed, apex pointed,
used in various products. Bark and fruits red when ripen.
are used in traditional systems of medicine.
Planted. CIMAP. BSID, 2137.

Native: India

Uses: The tree yields a gum called “Guggul” which is

obtained from incisions made in the bark,
used in traditional systems of medicine.

52 53
 Deciduous tree with spreading crown;
bark silvery white, smooth, lenticellate.
Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets
oblong- lanceolate, base unequal,
margins finely toothed. Flowers appear
from February-March, on terminal
panicles, creamish outside, yellow
inside. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
March-May, ellipsoid-globose, smooth,
greenish yellow.
Planted. Forest arboretum, Dulapally.
BSID, 1332.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is suitable for furniture.
Cut portion of the bark yield resinous
gum used in preparation Ayurvedic drugs.
54
Small deciduous tree with spreading
branches; bark greyish, smooth; young
branches densely hairy. Leaves simple,
ovate-oblong, lower surface soft wooly,
margins finely toothed. Flowers appear
from May-June, in axillary cymes,
greenish; male and female separate,
small. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
August-December, small, ovoid-globose,
black when ripe.
Planted. Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 1976.
Native: India.
Uses: A fast growing tree, useful
in reclamation of barren areas;
fruits are relished by birds.
55
 Small tree with pendulous branches;
bark yellowish to dark-brownish,
irregularly cracked with short straight
spines; young branches yellowish
hairy. Leaves simple, broadly ovate,
lower surface yellowish pubescent.
Flowers appear from March-April,
in terminal corymbs, pale yellow;
stamens pale yellow, filiform. Fruits
(Berries) appear from May-July,
globose, smooth, shining, pinkish
red when ripe, with black, ellipsoid,
compressed seeds embedded in pink pulp.
Occurs wild on hill slopes. Golkonda Fort and Attapur. BSID,
468.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and leaves are used in
traditional systems of medicine.
Fruits edible.
56
Medium sized deciduous
tree; bark greyish with yellow
specks. Leaves trifoliate;
leaflets broadly ovate-
oblong. Flowers appear
from March-April, fragrant
in terminal corymbs, pale
yellow, turning bright yellow.
Fruits (Berries) appear from
April-June, globose, bright
scarlet when ripen, fleshy
with a hard rind; seeds many,
embedded in pulp.
Common on hill slopes in
rocky situations. Golkonda
Fort, also planted in gardens
and arboreta. BSID, 1860.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for making
drums, models, combs and leaves
are used as fodder for cattle. Fruits
edible. Bark is valued in traditional
systems of medicine.
57
 Fast growing tree with soft trunk; stem
unbranched with leaf-scars and milky
latex. Leaves simple, large, palmate,
divided to the middle, forming a
crown at the top of the tree. Flowers
appear throughout the year, in axillary
panicles, dioecious (Male and female
on separate plats), occasionally
monoecious (Male and female on same
plants), pale yellow, fragrant. Fruits
(Berries) appear throughout the year,
peak during November-December,
oblong, greenish yellow, orange inside,
with numerous black seeds embedded
in sweet pulp.
Frequently planted in kitchen gardens,
house yards and also cultivated on
large scale. BSID, 2146.
Native: West Indies, Central and
Tropical America.
Uses: Ripe fruits edible.
58
Tall fast growing tree; stem straight
with brownish bark; branchlets
greyish-green, drooping, arising
from the axils of small recurved
scales. Leaves reduced to scales.
Flowers appear from January on
distinct male and female spikes.
Perianth absent. Fruits (Winged
Nutlets), appear from March- May,
ovoid-ellipsoid.
Frequently planted in gardens as an
ornamental tree and also cultivated
in large scales for poles. BSID, 2217.
Native: Australia.
59
 Small deciduous tree, semi erect; bark
greyish, smooth. Leaves simple, elliptic-
oblong, leathery, margins undulate.
Flowers appear from November-March,
in axillary clusters, greenish yellow; ovary
half sunk in the disk. Fruits (Berries)
appear from April-September, globose,
orange when mature, single seeded; seeds
yellowish brown, compressed.
Occasionally planted. Herbal garden,
Osmania University. BSID, 2151.
Native: South East Asia.
Uses: Root bark is used
in traditional systems of
medicine.
60
Evergreen tree with crooked trunk; bark
greyish black, deeply fissured, exudates
milky yellow. Leaves simple, large, ovate-
oblong, thick, leathery, shining with
parallel venation. Flowers appear from
July-September, on terminal racemes,
white, fragrant; stamens yellow; ovary
pink. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
December-March, ovoid-globose,
greenish yellow when ripe, single
seeded.
Planted in gardens and in house-yards
as an ornamental tree for showy flowers
and evergreen foliage. BSID, 1339.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used in making boats
and railway sleepers; seed-oil used in
skin diseases and for application in
rheumatism.
61
 Small evergreen tree with
dense foliage; bark smooth,
greyish, peeling in small thin
flakes. Leaves simple, closely
developed at the end of the
branchlets, spoon shaped,
leathery, thick, dark green
above. Flowers appear from
March-April, in terminal
cymes, white; sepals and petals
fleshy. Fruits (Capsules) appear
from May-September, ovoid,
dehisce into 7 valves.
Planted in gardens and near
function halls. Sanjeevaiah
park. BSID, 2244.
Native: America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for
evergreen foliage.
62
Mediumsized deciduous tree; bark
smooth, pale brown, exfoliating in thin
rounded flakes. Leaves simple, elliptic-
oblong, midrib prominent, rounded at
base, petioles pink. Flowers appear from
April-May, in fascicled heads on short
axillary peduncles, greenish-yellow, small.
Fruits (Drupes) appear from May-July,
broadly 2 winged, indehiscent, 1-seeded,
yellowish brown.
Occurs wild in National Parks and
University of Hyderabad in rocky
situations. BSID, 1283.
Native: India.
Uses: Leaves are used in tanning. Indian gum also known
as ghatti gum comes from this tree. Leaves are good feed
for a moth that produces the tassar silk. Timber used for
agricultural implements and house building.
63
 Tall deciduous tree; bark silvery white
outside, brownish inside, smooth,
peeling off in large thin irregular
sheets. Leaves simple, elliptic-oblong
with finely wavy margins; petiole with
1 or 2 prominent glands. Flowers
appear from March-April, in axillary
and terminal panicled spikes, pale
yellow; petals absent. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from July-December, ovoid
with broad, wavy 5 hard projecting
wings.
Planted in gardens, National parks,
and along road sides. BSID, 688.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark is valued in
traditional systems of
Evergreen tree with horizontal branches. Leaves simple, clustered, spoon shaped, medicine. The trees are host
erect, with toothed margins. for Tassar moth.
Planted. Sanjeevaiah park. BSID, 2249.
Native: America.
Uses: Ornamental tree.

64 65
 Tall deciduous tree with whorled
branches; bark brownish grey with
vertical cracks. Younger branches
brownish. Leaves simple, clustered at
the ends of branches, broadly elliptic-
oblong, nerves impressed on upper
surface. Flowers appear from March-
April, in axillary spikes, greenish-
yellow with offensive odour,. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from June-September,
broadly ellipsoid- subglobose,
brownish, velvety, 5-6 ridged.
Occur wild in National parks and
also planted in gardens and arboreta.
Botanical Garden, Osmania university.
BSID, 1354.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits are one of the 3
ingredients in Ayurvedic drug
“Triphala”.
66
Deciduous tree; bark grey, smooth,
faintly fissured, branches horizontal,
whorled at each node. Leaves simple,
oblong-obovate, yellowish green;
petiole with 2 glands. Flowers appear
from January-May, in slender spikes
with more number of male and few
bisexual flowers, pale yellow, small.
Fruits (Drupes) appear from January-
September ellipsoid or ovoid,
bilaterally compressed, 2 ribbed.
Frequently planted in residential
colonies and house yards. BSID, 164.
Native: South East Asia.
Uses: Avenue tree for shade.
Kernels are edible.
67
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish black, irregularly Deciduous tree; bark blackish-grey
fissured with deep furrows. Leaves simple, with deep longitudinal fissures, appear
elliptic-ovate-oblong, base and apex rounded; like crocodile-skin. Leaves simple,
petiole hairy with 2 glands near the base ovate-oblong leathery, wooly, rounded
on lower side. Flowers appear from April- at apex and base; petiole with 1-2
August, in terminal spikes, pale yellow. Fruits glands. Flowers appear from April-
(Drupes) appear from August-November, July, in axillary and terminal panicled
ellipsoid, faintly ridged, yellowish-green. spikes, pale yellow, small. Fruits
(Drupes) appear throughout the year,
Planted in gardens for its medicinal importance. with 5 broad, leathery, reddish brown
Herbal garden (Near Examination Centre- wings.
IPE), Osmania University. BSID, 1342.
Occurs wild in University of
Native: India. Hyderabad campus. BSID, 1948.

Uses: Fruits in dried form is one of the

ingredients in Ayurvedic drug “Triphala”. Native: India.

Uses: Timber is used for house building, poles and fuel.

68 69
 Evergreen tree; bark greyish black,
peeling in small thin flakes, reddish
inside. Leaves simple, clustered at the
end of the branchlets, elliptic-oblong,
shining, leathery, sharply toothed on
margins, Flowers appear from March-
April, solitary, large, dull white; petals
early deciduous; sepals persistent. Fruits
(Berries) appear from September-
December, large, indehiscent,
covered with greenish yellow calyx,
mucilaginous, many seeded.
Planted. Lotus pond (Jubilee Hills-
MLA Quarters). Sanjeevaiah park.
BSID, 2240.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue for shade. Ripened fruit
pulp is edible and used in Jams, Jellies, etc., and
also used in traditional systems of medicine.
70
Evergreen tree with straight stem; bark
corky, blackish, peeling in rectangular scales.
Leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate, leathery,
dark green above, silvery beneath. Flowers
appear in March, solitary in leaf axils,
fragrant, white. Fruits (Berries) appear from
June-December, ovoid-globose, brownish
velvety.
Occasionally planted in Botanical garden,
Osmania University. BSID, 2215.
Native: Philippines.
Uses: Ornamental tree for dense
foliage and velvety fruits.
71
 Small tree; bark dark-grey, nearly black
in old trees, peeling off vertically in small
rectangular corky scales; branchlets
rusty tomentose, often modified into
thorns. Leaves simple, ovate, hairy on
both sides, shining. Flowers appear from
July-August, female flowers solitary in
leaf axils, dull white; male flowers 5-6 in
capitate cymes. Fruits (Berries) appear
from September-November, globose-
ovoid with persistent calyx, ripe fruits
orange-purplish black.
Occurs wild in National Parks and
University campuses. BSID, 919.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits edible. Wood is
used as fuel.
72
Moderate sized deciduous tree; stems
straight with blackish-grey, distinct,
regular lengthwise rows of bark;
young branches rusty hairy. Leaves
simple, yellowish green, elliptic-
oblong, yellowish green, hairy on
upper and lower surface. Flowers
appear from February-May, female
flowers solitary in leaf axils, dull
white; male flowers in short umbellate
cymes. Fruits (Berries) appear from
April-September, rusty when young,
glabrous, yellowish when ripe,
supported with thick leathery fruiting
calyx.
Occurs wild in KBR National Park
and University of Hyderabad campus. BSID, 1833.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe fruits edible. Young leaves used for
wrapping beedies.
73
 Small deciduous monoecious tree ((Male
and female flowers on same plant) with
straggling branches; young branches
reddish; bark smooth, greyish. Leaves
simple, rhomboid-broadly obovate,
leathery, shining above. Flowers appear
from August-September, in axillary
clusters, small, greenish. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from November-December,
globose, purplish black when ripe.
Common in rocky situations. KBR
National Parks and Osmania University
campus. BSID, 2144.
Native: India.
Uses: Roots and bark used in traditional
systems of medicine. Wood is very hard
and of red color.
74
Medium sized dioecious (Male and
female flowers on different plants),
deciduous tree; bark grey-dark brown
with longitudinal cracks. Leaves simple,
oblong, dark green above, pale beneath.
Flowers appear from July-August, in
terminal pendant spikes, greenish yellow.
Fruits (Drupes) appear from December-
March, depressed globose, dark reddish
when ripe.
Occasionally planted. Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 2280.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits are eaten by birds. Wood is
used for agricultural implements. Bark
and roots used in traditional systems of
medicine.
75
 Fleshy erect shrub or small tree;
branches with twin stipular spines
and milky latex. Leaves simple,
spoon shaped, crowded at the
ends of branches, obovate-oblong.
Inflorescence (Cyathia), appear in
February, in leaf axils on corymbs,
greenish yellow; central flower
male, sessile, 2 lateral flowers
bisexual, stalked; glandular; stamens
numerous, in 5 bundles. Fruits
(Capsules) appear in March, deeply
3-lobed.
Planted in gardens. Botanical garden,
Osmania University. BSID, 2143.
Native: India.
Uses: Ornamental tree. Latex and leaves used in
traditional systems of medicine.
76
Profusly branched tree; branches
terete, green, succulent,
dichotomously branched. Leaves
small linear–lanceolate, falls of early.
Inflorescence (Cyathia), appear from
March-April, subsessile, developed
at forks of branches or terminal of
branches, yellowish green.
Planted in gardens as an ornamental
tree and hedge plant. Osmania
University. BSID, 2221.
Native: Africa.
Uses: Ornamental tree.
77
 Small tree; bark smooth, peeling off
in thin papery flakes. Leaves simple,
3-5 lobed, heart shaped. Flowers
appear from April-July, in terminal,
dichotomous cymes with solitary
terminal female and the rest male
flowers, greenish yellow; male and
female flowers produced on same
inflorescence. Fruits (Capsules)
oblong-ovoid, with brownish black
seeds.
Planted in Herbal garden. Osmania
University campus. BSID, 2148.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Twigs used as tooth
brush. Seeds are valued as as
bio-diesel.
78
Medium sized dioecious (male
and female flowers on different
plants) tree with round crown;
bark light brown, smooth.
Leaves simple, peltate (shield
shaped). Flowers appear from
December-April in panicles,
green; bracts glandular. Fruits
(Capsules) globose, spinous
before ripens.
Planted. Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 2164.
Native: India.
79
 Much branched medium sized tree; bark
greyish, peeling in small rectangular
flakes; branchlets soft hairy. Leaves
simple, ovate-lanceolate, with numerous
red, orbicular glands beneath. Flowers
appear in August, male flowers clustered
in erect terminal spikes; female flowers
solitary, in short spikes, small, pale
yellow. Fruits (Capsules) appear in
November, globose, 3-lobed, covered
with bright red powder with minute star
shaped hairs.
Planted. Forest Arboretum, Dulapally.
BSID, 2282.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits used in traditional systems
of medicine and a source of Red dye.
80
Medium sized tree; bark black, peeling
in small scales. Leaves simple, crowded
at the end of the branchlets, cordate-
oblong, margins unudulate. Flowers
appear from March-April, in terminal
racemes, white with pink streaks. Fruits
(Capsules) appear round the year,
depressed globose, velvety, brownish
when mature.
Habitat: Planted. Indira Park and
Sanjeevaiah Park. BSID, 2157.
Native: Philippines.
Uses: Ornamental tree.
81
 Deciduous tree; stem with shining
smooth silvery bark; young branches
marked with leaf scars. Leaves simple,
crowded at the apex of branches,
broadly ovate-circular, often 3-lobed.
Flowers appear from February-
March, crowded on branched cymes
with many male flowers with few
female flowers, small, yellowish
cream; leafless during flowering.
Fruits (Drupes) appear April-May,
ovoid, velvety, winged.
Occurs in wild on hill slopes of
Golkonda Fort and also planted
in botanical gardens and arboreta.
BSID, 1210.
Native: India.
Uses: As the Wood is soft, it is
preferred in making boxes and Kondapally
toys.
82
Evergreen tree; stems greenish, bark
smooth, longitudinally fissured in aged
trees. Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate,
dark green above, pale beneath, aromatic.
Flowers appear from January-February,
in axillary panicles, greenish-pale yellow,
small. Fruits (Drupes) appear from March-
May, ovoid-sub globose, purplish black
when ripe.
Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah park.
BSID, 2254.
Native: Japan.
Uses: Leaves, bark, and roots used in the
traditional systems of medicines.
83
 Mediumsized evergreen tree; Moderate sized tree with blackish fissured
bark greyish black. Leaves simple, bark. Leaves simple, crowded at the end of
obovate. Flowers appear from the branchlets, obovate-oblong. Flowers
November-December, in long appear from September-November, in
pendulous spicate racemes; stamens terminal, short erect racemes, white;
numerous, reddish, spreading. Fruits stamens numerous, white, spreading.
(Berries) obtusely quadrangular, Fruits (Drupes) appear round the year,
narrowed towards ends, crowned by broadly pyramidal with tapering apex and
small persistent calyx tube, appear in crowned with persistent calyx.
March; 1 seeded.
Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah park.
Planted in gardens for its evergreen BSID, 2238.
foliage, and attractive long pendant
racemes. On bank of Hussainsagar Native: India.
and Sanjeevaiah Park. BSID, 582,
2275. Uses: Ornamental tree for showy bloom
and evergreen foliage.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark used
to intoxicate fish
in traditional
medicine; wood
used for boat-
building.

84 85
 Deciduous trees; bark dark grey
with deep vertical and diagonal
cracks, red inside. Leaves simple,
crowded at the ends of branches,
obovate, round-sharp toothed
on margins, turning red in cold
season. Flowers appear from
March-May, on leafless branches
in capitates cymes, large, showy.
Fruits (Berries) appear from
June-November, globose with
persistent calyx; seeds numerous,
embedded in fleshy pulp.
Occasionally planted. Botanical
garden, Osmania University and
Forest arboretum, Dulapally.
BSID, 2119.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and flowers are used in
traditional systems of medicine.
Easily recognizable during winter
as all leaves turn red making trees
prominent.
86
Tall deciduous tree; bark greyish brown.
Leaves simple, crowded at the ends of
the branches, obovate. Flowers appear
from June- September, in clusters on
main trunk and branches, large, showy,
fragrant; petals pinkish red; staminal
sheath yellowish white enclosing the
gynoecium. Fruits (Drupes) appear
round the year, large, globose, on a
long pendant, persisting stalks on
main trunk resembling cannon balls.
Frequently planted near temples,
gardens as an ornamental tree for
fragrant showy flowers. Old botanical
garden, near VC-lodge, Osmania
University. BSID, 1386.
Native: South
America.
Uses: Ornamental
and Sacred tree.
87
 Deciduous tree with spreading
branches; bark greyish-silvery
white, smooth. Leaves simple, ovate-
cordate, divided into half way down,
with rounded lobes. Flowers appear
from October-December in terminal
racemes, dark pinkish purple, upper
petal with red stripes.
Planted in gardens, and office
campuses for foliage and showy
flowers. ZSI campus. BSID, 2194.
Native: Hong Kong.
Uses: Ornamental and avenue tree.
Note: Hong Kong orchid tree, most
spectacular and very popular garden tree
is of great horticultural value. It is sterile
and is the result of natural hybridization
between Bauhinia purpurea and
Bauhinia variegata.
88
Deciduous tree; bark brownish,
smooth. Leaves ovate- suborbicular,
cleft into halfway down their length.
Flower buds club-spindle shaped.
Flowers appear from August and
September, in terminal or axillary
racemes, purplish pink. Fruits (Pods)
appear from December-March, strap-
shaped, flat, seeds oblong-ellipsoid,
light brown.
Frequently planted in gardens, along
roadsides. BSID, 1656.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue and ornamental tree; leaves used for
making dinner plates.
89
 Small tree; branches zigzag,
Deciduous trees with crooked stem
Leaves broader than long,
and drooping branches; bark dark,
suborbicular, cleft into halfway
with transverse rectangles. Leaves
down their length into 2 rounded
kidney shaped-broadly ovate,
lobes. Flowers appear from July-
cleft into one tenth–one third way
December, in leaf opposed cymes,
down their length. Flowers appear
pendulous, yellow with a purple
February- March, buds spindle
blotch on the upper petal. Fruits
shaped; open flowers in terminal
(Pods) appear from January-
and axillary racemes, pale yellow.
March, oblong, pointed at apex,
Fruits (Pods) appear from July-
seeds oblong, rounded at apex.
December, narrowly oblong; seeds
ovate-rectangular, compressed, Planted in gardens and along
dark brown. roadsides in residential colonies.
BSID, 1390.
Common in rocky situations Native: India.
in National parks and university Uses: Ornamental tree for showy
campuses. BSID, 752. yellow flowers.
Native: India.

Uses: Bark used in traditional systems

of medicine; leaves are considered
sacred and used by Hindus during
Dussera and Ugadi.

90 91
 Medium sized deciduous trees, bark greyish Medium sized tree;
brown, smooth to slightly fissured and scaly; bark smooth, greyish
inner bark pinkish. Leaves simple, ovate, brown. Leaves ovate-
connate for about two-thirds; lobes broadly suborbicular, bifid, 1/3
cordate at base. Flowers appear from February- way down their length,
April, on short racemes, pinkish-violet; calyx lobes cordate at base.
sheathing; petals margins wavy. Fruits (Pods) Flowers appear from
appear from April-May, flat, strap-shaped. January-March, in few-
flowered terminal or
Planted in gardens, along roadsides as an axillary racemes, white,
ornamental tree for showy bloom and avenue fragrant, with yellow
for shade. BSID, 2291. streak on upper petals.
Native: India. Fruits (Pods) appear
from March-June,
Uses: Bark used in traditional systems of oblong with pointed at apex.
medicine.
Planted in gardens, along roadsides for as ornamental tree.
On the way to ICFRE, Dulapally and Ramakrishna mutt.
BSID, 2150.
Native: South-East Asia.

92 93
 Small evergreen tree with dense
crown and pendulous bunches
of young leaves; bark greyish
black, smooth. Leaves pinnately
compound; leaflets opposite,
shining, leathery, dark green above.
Flowers appear from March-April,
in dense umbels on stems and
branches; umbels scarlet red, looks
like bell.
Occasionally planted in gardens,
house yards opposite to GVK Shopping Mall
and ICRISAT Campus. BSID, 2261.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Ornamental tree and avenue for
attractive bloom and evergreen foliage.
Note: Flowers are source for nectar.
94
Deciduous tree with umbrella
shaped canopy; bark greyish
brown, peeling off in small
irregular flakes. Leaves
bipinnate, with 5-10 pairs
of pinnae; leaflets oblong-
linear. Flowers appear from
September-November, in
short dense corymbose
panicles, small, pale yellow.
Fruits (Pods) appear from
November-March, hooded,
strap shaped, twisted.
Occasionally planted. SP
College, Secunderabad. BSID,
2065.
Native: South America.
Uses: Avenue tree. Pods are source
of tannin “Dividivi” used in leather
processing.
95
 Medium sized deciduous tree; stems and branches
armed with recurved prickles. Leaves compound,
pinnae with small prickles at base; leaflets oblong.
Flowers appear from August-September, in terminal
and axillary racemes, yellow; stamens orange. Fruit
(Pods) appear from November-March, woody,
obliquely oblong, indehiscent with a hard recurved,
short beak at apex; seeds ellipsoid, brown.
Planted in CIMAP and Herbal garden, Osmania
University. BSID, 2166.
Native: India.
Uses: The secondary wood yields reddish dye which
is used for dyeing
fabric, making
red paints and
inks and also
in traditional
medicine.
96
Deciduous tree; bark yellow-green,
Smooth. Leaves paripinnate, pendulous;
leaflets ovate, bright green, rounded at
base, entire at margins. Flowers appear
from March-April, in axillary, dense
pendant racemes, bright yellow; entire
tree is leafless in flowering. Fruits (Pods)
cylindric, nearly straight, smooth,
shining, brown-black, indehiscent; seeds
numerous, heart shaped, brownish,
shining.
Occurs wild in National parks, University
campuses and also planted in gardens,
along roadsides as an ornamental tree,
for its showy bloom. BSID, 160.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and fruits
are used in traditional
systems of medicine.
97
 Medium sized deciduous tree; bark smooth, Medium sized tree with
blackish. Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets spreading and drooping
elliptic-ovate. Flowers appear from January- branches; bark brownish,
March, in terminal and axillary racemes, corky. Leaves pinnately
pinkish, turning white; stamens bright yellow. compound; leaflets
Fruits (Pods) appear from March-May, elliptic-oblong. Flowers
pendant, rounded, blackish brown; seeds appear from July-August,
numerous, embedded in flat disk. in terminal and axillary
racemes, pink-red.
Planted in gardens as an ornamental tree. Fruits (Pods) appear
Indira Park. BSID, 2159. from December-March,
cylindrical, faintly ribbed,
Native: Myanmar. indehiscent; seeds many,
separated by papery
partitions.

Frequently planted in
gardens and roadsides. BSID, 2111.

Native: South-East Asia.

Uses: Ornamental tree for showy flowers and avenue for

shade.

98 99
 Tall deciduous tree; bark
brownish, smooth, peeling off in
papery flakes. Leaves pinnately
compound, foliage appear fern-
like; leaflets numerous, oblong.
Flowers appear from November-
December, in cone shaped
clusters on pendant terminal
racemes, bright orange with
bright yellow stamens. Fruits
(Pods) appear from January-
May, flattened, woody, narrowly
oblong, with several seeds; seeds
ovoid-oblong, brownish.
Planted. Old botanical
garden, near VC Lodge,
Osmania University and
NTR Garden, Necklace road.
BSID, 2153, 2264.
Native: Madagascar.
Uses: Ornamental tree for
showy bloom.
100
Deciduous tree with
spreading crown; bark
greyish, smooth, shining.
Leaves, bipinnate; leaflets,
oblong. Flowers appear from
January-March, in axillary
and terminal corymbose
racemes, creamy white;
petals rounded in outline
and crinkled on margins;
stamens large, spreading,
pale yellow-red. Fruits
(Pods) appear from March-
June, flat, oblong, green with
brown spots, narrowed at
apex.
Planted along railway
tracks and road sides as
an ornamental and avenue tree.
Adikmet flyover bridge. BSID, 1336.
Native: India.
101
 Deciduous tree with short crooked
trunk and spreading horizontal
branches; bark smooth, brown.
Leaves 2 pinnate; leaflets oblong,
dense. Flowers appear from March-
July, in terminal racemes, showy,
crimson red; entire tree is leaf less
in flowering. Fruits (Pods) appear
from July-March, oblong, woody,
slightly sickle shaped; seeds rod
shaped with brownish and black
stripes.
Frequently planted in gardens,
along roadsides as an ornamental
tree for showy bloom and avenue
for shade. BSID, 105.
Native: Madagascar.
102
Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown-black
with deep irregular vertical lines, peeling
off in narrow flakes. Leaves bifoliate;
leaflets elliptic-oblong, opposite. Flowers
appear from April-May, in axillary and
terminal lax panicled racemes, small, pale
yellowish-green. Fruits (Pods) appear
from August-December, flat, oblong-
lanceolate, 1-seeded.
Occurs wild in Mahavir Harinavanasthali
National Park. BSID, 1705.
Native: India.
Note: Leaves are preferred as fodder to
cattle; provides excellent firewood and
good charcoal; bark yields strong fiber largely employed
for making ropes; wood is extremely durable and makes
excellent poles and in bridge-foundations.
103
 Small sized thorny tree, with Deciduous tree; branches spreading; Stems rusty-red wooly; bark smooth, greyish-
spreading branches and multiple black. Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets oblong. Flowers appear intermittently
stems; bark greyish brown, throughout year, in terminal panicles; buds globose, brownish; open flowers bright
peeling off in small rectangular yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear throughout year, flat, elliptic, tapering towards ends,
scales; branches with sharp spines. coppery in color, 1-2 seeded.
Leaves bipinnate; leaflets small,
elliptic-ovate, deciduous. Flowers Common avenue tree
appear from February-March, in planted along roadsides
lax axillary and terminal racemes, and gardens. BSID, 132.
yellowish. Fruits (Pods) appear
from Aril-December, slender, Native: South East Asia.
cylindrical, constricted between
seeds; seeds ovoid-oblong, dark Uses: Avenue tree for
brownish. shade and for showy yellow
bloom and coppery pods.
Planted along roadsides and hedges.
BSID, 523.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Planted along roadsides as an
ornamental tree and also self propagating.
Stems and branches used as fuel.

104 105
 Evergreen tree; bark brownish,
smooth turning black in aged trees.
Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets
oblong-lanceolate, young leaves
coppery, shining, overlapping and
drooping. Flowers appear from
January-March, in dense, axillary and
terminal panicles; calyx orange yellow,
turning red; petals absent. Fruits
(Pods) appear from March-June,
oblong-lanceolate, compressed; seeds
ovoid-oblong, polished, brownish.
Planted in gardens, near temples and
arboreta. Old trees have been seen
at Public garden, ICRISAT Campus
and Agricultural university Campus.
BSID, 1366.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and flowers are used
in traditional systems of medicine
and the tree as ornamental tree for
evergreen foliage and showy flowers.
106
Medium sized tree with smooth greyish
brown bark. Leaves pinnately compound.
Flowers appear from August-November,
in axillary and terminal panicles, bright
yellow; petals spoon shaped. Fruits (Pods)
appear from January-March, flattened,
linear-oblong, brownish red, sutures
thickened, indented between seeds; seeds
compressed, brownish.
Frequently planted along road sides and
in gardens. BSID, 252.
Native: Sri Lanka.
Uses: Avenue for shade, and ornamental
tree for showy bloom; wood is hard
and durable, yields
excellent timber.
Leaves and roots are
used in traditional
medicine.
107
 Medium sized tree with dense
Small tree; bark greyish. Leaves
crown; bark greyish brown,
unipinnate; leaflets 5 pairs, elliptic-ovate;
smooth. Leaves unipinnate;
Flowers appear from August-November,
leaflets 8-15 pairs, ovate-
in terminal racemes, bright yellow.
lanceolate. Flowers appear from
Fruits (Pods) appear from November-
August, in terminal racemes,
March, flat, oblong, rounded, apiculate,
bright yellow. Fruits (Pods)
constricted between the seeds.
appear from January-April,
cylindric-linear, pendulous; seeds
Frequently planted in gardens, parks as
brownish, ovoid, compressed.
an ornamental tree. BSID, 2277.
Planted in gardens, along
roadsides. Habsiguda, kakatiya Native: Central America.
nagar. BSID. 01382.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy bloom.
Native: Central America. Self propagating.

Uses: Ornamental tree for showy bloom.

108 109
 Tall tree with irregular branches; bark
blackish, horizontally and vertically
fissured. Leaves pinnate, leaflets, elliptic-
oblong. Flowers appear from June, in
axillary and terminal racemes, pale
yellow; upper three petals with brownish
stripes, middle one hooded, lower
reduced to scales. Fruits (Pods) appear
from December-March, oblong, slightly
curved, brownish; seeds blackish,
shining, compressed.
Planted near college campuses, hospitals, road sides
and also occurs in open places. BSID, 1891.
Native: Central Africa.
Uses: Fruits are edible, young leaves are
used as leafy vegetable.
Note: Though specific
epithet refers to India,
it is a native of Central
Africa.
110
Unarmed tree with drooping branches
and dense foliage; bark greyish
brown, peeling in vertical flakes.
Leaves modified into phyllodes, sickle
shaped, glossy green, thick, leathery.
Flowers appear from September-
October, in axillary and terminal
spikes, bright yellow, scented. Fruits
(Pods) appear from January-March,
spirally twisted, brown; seeds
blackish, shinning, ovoid-orbicular.
Frequently planted in gardens and
roadsides. BSID, 530.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy
bloom, and avenue for shade.
111
 Small thorny, deciduous tree with umbrella Thorny deciduous tree; bark brownish,
shaped crown; bark brownish black, peeling
corky, exfoliating in long narrow stripes.
in rectangular flakes. Leaves bipinnate, gland
just below the first pair of pinnae; pinnae Leaves bi-pinnate; rachis glandular at the
5-7 pairs, linear-oblong. Flowers appear base of the first pair of pinnae; leaflets
from November-December, in axillary oblong. Flowers appear from July-
clusters on heads, fragrant; buds blood red; September, in axillary spikes, pale yellow.
open flowers with yellowish stamens. Fruits Fruits (Pods) appear from September-
(Pods) appear from January-March, sickle December, oblong, flat, brown, bluntly
shaped, papery, with oblong greyish brown narrowed, depressed between seeds.
seeds.
Occurs wild in KBR National park. BSID, Occurs wild in National parks and
1389. university campuses. BSID, 2147.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood used as fuel and bark used in the traditional
Native: India.
medicine. Leaves and young fruits are feed for goats.
Note: Acacia campbellii
is treated as synonymous Uses: Heart wood yields Katha; timber is
to A. eburnea in certain used in construction works and making
nomenclature databases. agricultural implements. Bark and roots
However, a close scrutiny of are used in traditional medicine.
the type images from Kew
herbarium and live specimens
from this area, it is opined that
these two species are distinct.

112 113
 Much thorny deciduous tree;
bark brown-black, longitudinally Small tree with numerous branches
fissured. Leaves pinnately from base, giving a multi stemmed
compound with a gland between appearance; bark smooth, greenish
the first pair of pinnae and one grey. Leaves modified into phyllodes
between the terminal pair; (expanded leaf like petiole); phyllodes
leaflets elliptic-oblong. Flowers sickle shaped, silvery white, distinctly
appear from July-September, 3-5 nerved. Flowers appear from
in globose solitary heads in leaf November-December in axillary spikes.
axils, yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear Fruits (Pods) appear from March-May,
from September-December, narrow, coiled in dense clusters with
beaded necklace shaped, greyish oval-slightly flattened seeds.
white, constricted between seeds;
seeds orbicular, black, white wooly. Planted on large scale in city suburbs.
BSID, 2283.
Common in open habitats, waste
places, along roadsides and in
Native: Australia.
protected areas. BSID, 1117.
Native: India. Uses: Avenue and ornamental tree.
Wood is used as fuel.

114 115
 Thorny deciduous tree; bark light
yellowish brown, exfoliating in
irregular scales. Leaves pinnately
compound, rachis with a cup like
gland between each pair of pinnae;
leaflets linear-oblong. Flowers
appear from August-September, in
globose heads in terminal panicles,
pale yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear
from November-March, oblong,
clothed with pale brown wooly hairs.
Occurs wild in open hábitats and
in National Parks and University
Campuses. BSID, 620.
Origin : India.
Uses: Stems and branches used for fuel. Wood
used in making country liquor.
116
Thorny deciduous tree; bark greyish brown-
black, longitudinally fissured. Leaves pinnately
compound with a gland between the first pair
of pinnae and one between the terminal pair;
leaflets elliptic-oblong. Flowers appear from
July-September, in globose solitary heads, or
in axillary clusters of 2-5 heads, golden yellow,
fragrant. Fruits (Pods) appear from January-
April, beaded necklace shaped, greyish white,
constricted between seeds.
Common in open habitats, waste places along
the margins of drains and in protected areas.
BSID, 1117.
Native: Africa and India.
Uses: Wood is hard and used for furniture making, building
constructions, hubs for cart wheels and well curbs. Gum obtained
from the stem is used in traditional systems of medicine, young
branches are relished by goats and also used for
fuel. “Katuka” (Eyetex) obtained from the dried
seeds is applied by women and young girls on
eye lashes for beauty and cooling effect.
117
 Medium sized prickly tree; bark greyish,
peeling in papery flakes; prickles just
below the nodes, with the middle one
hooked downwards and the lateral ones
curved upwards. Leaves bi-pinnate;
leaflets linear-elliptic-oblong. Flowers
appear from June, in axillary spikes,
pale yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear from
October-March, oblong; seeds orbicular,
brownish.
Occurs wild in Mahavir Harinavanasthali
National Park. BSID, 918.
Native: Africa.
Uses: Gum is used in preparation of
medicine.
Note: Probably it might have been introduced
during Nizams period, now it is naturalized and self
propagating. This species is not reported in local
floras from South India.
118
Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown-black.
Leaves pinnately compound with grooved
rachis; leaflets oblong-elliptic. Flowers
appear from July, in spiciform axillary or
terminal racemes, pale yellow, scented.
Fruits (Pods) appear from December-
April, sickle shaped, shining, dehisced
pods twisted and gaping with bright
scarlet red, heart shaped shining seeds.
Planted in gardens as an ornamental tree.
Botanical garden, Osmania university. BSID,
2117.
Native: India.
Uses: Shining scarlet color seeds are used
as weights by jewelers and as ornaments in
the form of beads
and bracelets.
119
 Deciduous tree with spreading
crown; bark greyish, smooth;
young branches yellowish-
grey hairy. Leaves pinnately
compound; rachis with gland
between upper pinnae; leaflets
linear-oblong. Flowers appear
from April, in axillary heads,
creamish yellow, fragrant.
Fruits (Pods) appear from
November- March, greyish
brown, oblong with undulate
margins.
Occurs wild in rocky situations in National parks
university campuses. BSID, 1197.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue for shade. Branches used as fuel.
120
Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown-
black, peeling in irregular flakes. Leaves
pinnately compound; rachis with glands
near the base of petiole and below upper
most pair of pinnae; leaflets elliptic-oblong.
Flowers appear from March, fascicled
heads in corymbose racemes, fragrant,
greenish yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear
from September-March, flat, compressed,
yellowish green, shining, straw colored
when mature, alternately depressed with
ellipsoid-oblong, compressed, brownish
seeds.
Frequently planted along road sides, in
gardens in open places as an avenue and
ornamental tree and also self propagating.
BSID, 1184.
Native: India.
Uses: As Avenue tree for shade. Self
propagating.
121
 Deciduous tree with drooping
branches; bark greyish-white
with numerous horizontal cracks.
Leaves pinnately compound,
rachis with gland near the base
and between upper most pairs of
pinnae; leaflets elliptic- oblong.
Flowers appear from April, in
globose heads in terminal panicles,
dull white, fragrant. Fruits (Pods)
appear from January-April,
compressed, flat, purplish green,
reddish brown when mature with
ellipsoid-oblong, compressed,
brownish seeds.
Occasionally planted. Botanical
garden. Osmania University. BSID, 2105.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for making furniture and
agriculture implements.
122
Deciduous tree with yellowish smooth
stem; bark greyish black. Leaves pinnately
compound; rachis with a gland at base;
leaflets elliptic-oblong. Flowers appear
from July-August, in heads on terminal
panicles, pale yellow. Fruits (Pods)
appear from January-April, oblong, flat,
brick red with greenish margins; seeds
6-8, ovoid-oblong, brownish.
Occasionally planted. Botanical garden,
Osmania University. BSID, 1946.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for various purposes.
Leaves used in traditional systems of
medicine.
123
 Large fast growing evergreen tree with
spreading crown; bark greyish brown-
black, irregularly fissured. Leaves
pinnately compound, rachis glandular
between bases of pinnae; leaflets elliptic,
shining, unequal at base. Flowers
appear from March-April, in globose
heads, solitary or 2-3 together in axils
of upper leaves, white with pinkish
red stamens. Fruits (Pods) appear
throughout year, oblong, depressed
between seeds, with thickened sutures;
seeds dark brownish-black, shining,
oblong, embedded in viscous pulp.
Common avenue tree planted along
roadsides and in gardens. BSID, 151.
Native: South America.
Note: In peak
summer, the tree
shed wáter droplets,
therefore, aptly
named as Rain tree.
Self propagating.
124
A strong thorny small tree with solitary
or multiple stems; bark greyish, peeling
in thin longitudinal flakes. Leaves
bipinnate; pinnae 3-6 pairs; leaflets
oblong. Flowers appear from August-
December, in elongate spikes, dimorphic,
the upper bisexual with yellowish corolla
and the lower neuter pinkish corolla and
staminodes. Fruits (Pods) appear from
December-March, linear oblong, curled
or twisted in clusters.
Occurs wild in National parks and
university campuses. BSID, 1228.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood used for
fuel.
125
 Fast growing deciduous tree; stem
straight with smooth, greyish bark.
Leaves pinnately compound; main rahis
ends with a weak spine; pinnae 3-8
pairs; leaflets linear-oblong. Flowers
appear from August-October, in dense
globose heads, greenish yellow with
numerous dull white stamens. Fruits
(Pods) appear from October-March,
oblong, flat, brownish when mature;
seeds ellipsoid, dark brownish.
Planted along road sides as an avenue
tree, cultivated for fodder and also runs
wild in fallow lands. BSID, 570.
Native: South America.
Uses: Leaves and young
branches used as fodder. Self
propagating and colonizes in
gardens and open places.
126
Large deciduous tree; bark greyish
brown, peeling in small rectangular
scales. Leaves pinnately compound;
rachis with glands above the base;
leaflets linear-oblong. Flowers appear
from January, in stalked globose heads,
pale yellow, upper bisexual and lower
male or sterile. Fruits (Pods) appear
from March-May, 5-10 from each head,
twisted, stalked; seeds ovoid- oblong,
brownish, embedded in white pulp.
Frequently planted along roadsides, in
gardens, college campuses. BSID, 1791.
Native: West Africa.
Uses: Avenue for shade, ornamental
tree for showy tennis ball like
heads.
127
 Thorny tree with smooth, greyish, bark,
Thorny, slow growing, deciduous
peeling in small rectangular scales,
tree with drooping branches; bark
fissured and peeling on old trees. Leaves
brownish, with deep longitudinal
bipinnate; leaflets elliptic-oblong; petiole
fissures and horizontal cracks. Leaves
with solitary apical concave gland;
pinnately compound; leaflets oblong.
stipules spinescent. Flowers appear from
Flowers appear from February-
February-March, in globose heads, pale
March, in axillary and terminal spikes,
yellow, fragrant. Fruits (Pods) appear
yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear from
from March-April, spirally twisted,
March-May, constricted between
beaded necklace shaped, reddish when
seeds; seeds ovoid-oblong, embedded
ripe; seeds 6-10, black, embedded in
in fleshy pulp.
fleshy, white edible aril.

Common in open places, near houses and planted. Planted in temple premises.
Self propagating. BSID, 1260. Habsiguda, Venkateshwara Temple.
BSID, 1864.
Native: South America.
Native: India.
Uses: Aril is edible. Stems and
branches used for fuel. Uses: As per Hindu mythology, it
is believed that during exile, Arjuna
(one of the pandava brothers) has preserved his bow
and arrows on this tree.

128 129
 Thorny deciduous tree
with spreading branches;
bark greyish-black with
longitudinal fissures. Leaves
pinnately compound; rachis
grooved with a solitary
gland; leaflets linear-oblong.
Flowers appear from July-
September, in dense axillary
pendulous spikes, pale yellow.
Fruits (Pods) appear from
September-March, sickle
shaped; seeds compressed,
brownish, surrounded by
pulpy aril.
Common in fallow lands & along drainage canals.
BSID, 129.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Roots, stems and branches gives
charcoal which is widely used as fuel.
130
Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown, fibrous,
exfoliating in small irregular flacks. Leaves
pinnately trifoliate, unequal, terminal leaflet
broadly obovate, laterals elliptic-oblong,
leathery. Flowers appear from February-April,
in terminal racemes, bright orange scarlet; calyx
dark, olive green velvety; entire tree is leafless
in flowering. Fruits (Pods) appear from March-
May, strap shaped, leathery, silky hairy; seed
one, kidney shaped.
Occurs wild in protected areas in National Parks
and in University campuses. BSID,1183.
Native: India.
Uses: Leaves are used for making dinner plates.
Bright yellow dye obtained from flowers are used
in Holi festival. Leafy twigs are revered during
Hindu thread marriage. Bark
used in traditional medicine.
Seeds are eaten by squirrels.
131
 Small sized tree, branches
spreading, arching,
appears like umbrella; bark
brownish. Leaves 3-foliate;
leaflets elliptic-oblong,
shiny green. Flowers
appear from April-July in
pendent racemes, pinkish
violet with white blotch at
the centre. Fruits (Pods)
appear from October-
January, stalked.
Occasionally planted.
Sanjeevaiah park, BSID,
2099.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Ornamental tree.
132
Large deciduous tree; bark yellowish grey,
smooth. Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets
oblong. Flowers appear from April-May,
in axillary and terminal scorpioid racemes,
purplish white with brownish calyx. Fruits
(Pods) appear from May-December, narrowed
at both ends, reticulately veined, 1-2 seeded.
Occurs wild in University campuses. Osmania
University, near Department of Physics. BSID,
2128.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood used for fuel and agricultural
implements.
133
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish, smooth.
Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets
oblong. Flowers appear from July, in
terminal or axillary panicles, dull white,
fragrant, with greenish yellow calyx.
Fruits (Pods) appear from September-
December, narrowed at both ends, net
veined, 1-seeded.
Planted in botanical garden, Osmania
University. BSID, 1919.
Native: India.
Uses: Stems and branches used for fuel.
implements.
134
Deciduous tree; bark greyish
brown, peeling in vertical flakes.
Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets
obovate-orbicular, notched at apex.
Flowers appear from September, in
axillary and extra axillary racemes,
pale yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear
from November-March, narrowed
at both ends, 1-2 seeded.
Occus wild in University of
Hyderabad and also planted in
botanical gardens, arboreta, parks,
and college campuses. BSID, 2128.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for making
furniture and agricultural
135
 Semi-deciduous tree with drooping
branches; bark greyish brown,
exfoliating in narrow longitudinal
stripes. Leaves pinnately
compound; leaflets ovate-circular
in outline. Flowers appear from
February-March, in axillary and
terminal scorpioid racemes,
creamy yellow. Fruits (Pod) appear
from March-December, strap-
shaped, narrowed at both ends,
1-4- seeded.
Frequently planted along road
sides, gardens, and in open places.
BSID, 1205.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue for shade.
136
Small bushy tree with
straggling spiny branches;
bark brown, exfoliating in
large vertical flakes. Leaves
pinnately compound;
leaflets oblong-obovate.
Flowers appear from
March-April, dull white,
in axillary and terminal
racemes, fragrant. Fruits
(Pods) appear from
Au g u s t - D e c e m b e r,
narrowed at both ends,
1-2 seeded.
Planted. Department of Botany, Osmania
University. Self propagating. BSID, 1285.
Native: India.
Uses: Stems and branches used for fuel.
137
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish-
dark brown, with longitudinal and
horizontal cracks. Leaves pinnately
trifoliate; lateral leaflets obliquely
elliptic, terminal one broadly ovate,
leathery. Flowers appear from
February-March, in fascicles on
branches, white with pinkish red
calyx. Fruits (Pods) appear from
March-June, distinctly jointed,
shining, with 1-3 brownish seeds.
Planted in Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 2167.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for furniture,
agricultural implements and building constructions.
138
Small tree with irregular
prickles on the stem; bark
corky, greyish. Leaves
pinnately trifoliolate; leaflets
small, ovate-oblong with
entire margins. Flowers
appear from March-May, in
terminal racemes, brick red.
Fruits (Pods) appear from
May-September, cylindrical;
seeds oblong-ovoid,
brownish.
Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah park. BSID,
2265.
Native: South America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for its attractive flowers.
139
 Fast growing deciduous tree; bark
greyish, shining, smooth; stems and
branches with deciduous prickles.
Leaves 3-foliate; leaflets wedge shaped
with yellowish veins and mid rib.
Flowers appear from February-March,
in dense racemes with spathaceous
calyx, scarlet red. Fruits (Pods) appear
from April-June, cylindrical with
swellings and constrictions; seeds
brownish, kidney shaped.
Frequently planted in gardens. BSID,
346.
Native: India.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy
bloom.
140
Deciduous tree; bark greyish,
shining, smooth; stems and branches
with deciduous prickles. Leaves
3-foliolate; leaflets wedge shaped
with yellowish veins and mid rib.
Flowers appear from February-
March, in dense racemes with
sheathing calyx, white. Fruits (Pods)
appear from April-June, cylindrical
with swellings and constrictions;
seeds brownish, kidney shaped.
Occasionally planted in gardens.
Landscape garden, Osmania
University. BSID, 2120.
Native: India.
Uses: Ornamental tree.
141

Deciduous tree; bark
smooth, greyish, peeling
in small, thin, vertical
flakes. Leaves pinnately
compound; leaflets, elliptic-
ovate. Flowers appear from
January-March, crowded in
axillary racemes, pinkish;
standard petal orbicular
with yellow throat and up-
curved margins. Fruits
(Pods) appear from March-
June, oblong, narrowed at
base; seeds rounded, flat,
yellowish brown.
Deciduous tree, leafless in flowering; bark
yellowish brown, smooth, peeling off in small
thin, rectangular scales. Leaves pinnately
compound, leaflets elliptic-ovate. Flowers
appear from March-May, in dense racemes on
leafless branches, pinkish purple with blood
red calyx. Fruits (Pods) appear from June-
December, oblong, narrowed towards apex,
2-3 seeded.
Planted in gardens. NTR garden. BSID, 2169.
Native: Myanmar.
Uses: Ornamental tree.

Common, planted in
gardens and open places. BSID, 1785.

Native: South America.

Uses: Stems and

branches used as green
manure.

142 143
 Slow growing medium sized evergreen
tree with drooping branches and dense
foliage; bark greyish with tubercles. Leaves
pinnately compound; leaflets ovate-elliptic.
Flowers appear from February-March,
in axillary dense racemes, pinkish white;
standard petal orbicular, pinkish with
white stripe and green throat. Fruits (Pods)
appear round the year, elliptic-oblong, flat;
seeds brownish, kidney shaped.
Frequently planted along road sides, in
gardens, in open places as an avenue tree
for evergreen foliage. BSID, 1203.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue tree for shade.
Seeds are source for biodiesel.
Roots and leaves are used
in traditional systems of
medicine.
144
Tall deciduous tree; bark greyish black,
scaly, exfoliating in small irregular flakes.
Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets 5,
alternate, elliptic-oblong. Flowers appear
from October-November, in axillary and
terminal panicles, golden yellow with rusty
calyx. Fruits (Pods) appear from January-
April, orbicular, winged, pale yellow; seeds
brownish, foot shaped.
Occurs wild in protected areas and also
planted in arboreta. BSID, 1706.
Native: India.
145

Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown,
deeply fissured into rectangular scales,
reddish inside. Leaves pinnately
compound; leaflets ovate-oblong.
Flowers appear from April-May, in
simple or sparingly branched racemes,
yellow. Fruits (Pods) appear from June-
November, obliquely orbicular, narrowly
winged; seeds reddish brown, 1-2.
Planted in gardens and arboreta.
Landscape garden, Osmania university
and Lotus pond. BSID, 1847.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood used for various purposes,
especially for making musical
instruments.
Note: Cut portion of the bark yields
blood red dye.
146
Soft wooded tree with straight stem;
bark greyish, smooth. Leaves pinnate;
leaflets oblong-elliptic. Flowers appear
from September-April, in few flowered
axillary racemes, cream colored. Fruits
(Pods) appear from January-April,
cylindrical, pendulous, many seeded.
Planted in gardens and open places.
BSID, 1396.
Native: Indonesia.
Uses: Flowers and unripe fruits are used
as vegetable.
147
 Evergreen tree; bark dark grey, smooth;
Deciduous tree; bark blackish, corky, deeply
stems and branches hard. Leaves simple,
and narrowly cleft vertically. Leaves simple,
elliptic-ovate, leathery, shining, prominently
elliptic-ovate-lanceolate, leathery, shining.
nerved. Flowers appear from March-April, in
Flowers fragrant, appear in April-May, in
terminal cymes, pale yellow. Fruits (Berries)
axillary cymes, white. Fruits (Berries) appear
appear from June-September, globose,
from August-November, ovoid-globose, turns
yellowish green, shining, polished, orange
purplish black with 1-2 discoid seeds.
red when ripe; seeds orbicular, depressed on
one side.
Occurs wild in University of Hyderabad and
Planted in gardens and arboreta. Old also planted in botanical gardens. Osmania
botanical garden, Osmania university. BSID, University. BSID, 2006.
2213.
Native: India.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and seeds are used in traditional
Uses: The plant is a prime source of systems of medicine. Seeds are used to purify
Strychnine alkaloid. Root, bark and muddy water.
seeds are used in traditional systems
of medicine.

148 149
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown,
smooth, peeling in thin flakes. Leaves
simple, elliptic-lanceolate, pale and
finely white hairy below. Flowers appear
twice in August-September and March-
April in axillary and terminal many-or
few-flowered panicles; petals pinkish,
orbicular with long claw and crisped
margins. Fruits (Capsules) ellipsoid, splits
along the valves and release numerous
seeds.
Frequently planted in gardens and road
sides. BSID, 192.
Native: Indo-China.
Uses: Ornamental
tree for showy
bloom; leaves as feed
to silkworms; wood
as timber.
Large deciduous tree with pendulous
branches; bark greyish black, peeling in
thin vertical flakes. Leaves simple,
elliptic or ovate-oblong, paler or
finely white hairy beneath. Flowers
appear from March-April, in axillary
and terminal panicles, white, fragrant.
Fruits (Capsules) appear from June-
September, ellipsoid, with a crown of
woody calyx teeth.
Occurs wild in University of Hyderabad.
BSID, 939.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for various
purposes. Bark and leaves for tanning.
Gum is sweet and edible. Leaves are
fodder for cattle.

150 151
 Deciduous tree with widely spreading
branches; bark black- brownish, peeling
in irregular flakes. Leaves simple,
elliptic-oblong. Flowers appear from
March-April, in terminal panicles, pink,
turning mauve-purple; calyx top shaped
turbinate, covered with white or rust
coloured soft, wooly hairy, ribbed with
prominent stout ridges. Fruits (Capsules)
appear from July-December, ellipsoid-
globose with persistent calyx and beak,
dehisces with 6 valves; seeds pale-brown.
Frequently planted in gardens and along
road sides. BSID, 115.
Native: India.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy bloom.
Wood used for furniture and building
construction. Leaves and roots are used
in traditional medicine.
152
Evergreen tree; bark brownish black with
numerous lens shaped protrusions; young
branches silky pubescent. Leaves simple,
ovate- oblong. Flowers appear twice in summer
(March and April) and in rainy season (July-
September), in leaf axils, dull white, turning
yellowish orange, fragrant, solitary. Fruits
(Aggregate of follicles) appear November-
March, cone shaped, woody, warty; seed
single, scarlet, polished.
Frequently planted in homesteads, temples
and gardens for fragrant flowers and
evergreen foliage. BSID, 1364.
Native: India.
Uses: Flowers offered in temples and women
decorate their hair; a source for
champa oil, valued in perfumery;
wood is used for furniture making.
Note: Initially flowers are opening
dull white gradually turns to
yellowish orange.
153
 Small evergreen tree with greyish
smooth bark. Leaves simple, ovate-
lanceolate, leathery, dark green above,
coppery beneath. Flowers appear from
April-May, terminal, solitary; buds
ovoid; open flowers white, fragrant,
with spoon shaped petals and conical
shaped torus. Fruits (Aggregate of
follicles) appear from May-September,
cone shaped, reddish brown with
bright red seeds.
Occasionally planted in gardens and
house yards. Sanjeevaiah park. BSID,
2243.
Native: South America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for evergreen
foliage and showy fragrant flowers.
154
Deciduous tree with strikingly fatty
trunk; bark greyish brown, smooth.
Leaves digitate, clustered at the ends
of branches; leaflets 5-7, obovate-
oblong. Flowers appear from May-
August, solitary in leaf axils; buds
ovoid-oblong, drooping; open flowers
white, spreads foul smell; calyx and
petals fleshy. Fruits (Capsules) appear
from July-December, spindle shaped,
densely silky hairy with persistent
calyx.
Planted near tombs and gardens.
Golkonda Fort. BSID, 1284.
Native: Tropical Africa.
Uses: Worshipped as Kalpavriksh. Planted
in gardens for its curious shape of the
trunk.
Note: Flowers blossom at night, emit
foetid smell.
155
 Deciduous tree with short, broad
based conical prickles on the
main stem; bark greyish, smooth,
black and peeling in rectangular
scales in aged trees. Leaves
digitate, clustered at the ends of
the branches; leaflets 5-7, ovate-
lanceolate, dark green above.
Flowers appear from February-
March, solitary or crowded at the
ends of the branches, bright red.
Fruits (Capsules) appear from
April-June, sub-cylindrical; seeds
many, embedded in white silky
hairs.
Occurs wild in National parks and
University campuses and also planted.
BSID, 2212.
Native: India.
Uses: Cotton obtained from capsules is used
to stuff pillows.

The following species of Adansonia have been planted

at Sanjeevaiah park.
1. Adansonia fony Baill.
2. Adansonia grandidieri Baill.
3. Adansonia gregorii F. Muell.
4. Adansonia madagascariensis Baill.
5. Adansonia perrieri Capuron
6. Adansonia suarezensis H. Perrier
7. Adansonia za Baill.

156 157
 Deciduous tree with cylindrical, green,
smooth stem with or without prickles;
branches in horizontal tiers and spreading
widely. Leaves digitate; leaflets 5-6, oblong-
lanceolate. Flowers appear from February-
March, in fascicles at the ends of the
branches, yellowish white. Fruits (Capsules)
appear from March-May, spindle shaped;
seeds many, small, black-brown, bear dense
tuft of silky hairs.
Frequently planted along road sides, in
gardens as an ornamental tree. BSID, 626.
Native: South Africa and South America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for attractive flowers.
158
Large deciduous tree with spreading
crown; trunk with conical prickles and
greyish smooth bark. Leaves digitate;
leaflets 3-5, ovate- obovate, margins
saw teeth like. Flowers appear from
October-November, solitary or 2-3
at ends of branchlets; petals oblong,
pale yellow with brownish stripes
till middle and bright pinkish above
the middle. Fruits (Capsules) appear
from November-March, ovoid, many
seeded.
Occasionally planted. In a house
yard, opposite to the GVK Shopping
mall. BSID, 2285.
Native: South America.
159

Deciduous tree; bark smooth, greyish,
peeling in flakes; young parts finely
grey hairy. Leaves simple, broadly
ovate-cordate. Flowers appear from
June-July, in axillary, peduncled
cymes, bright yellow. Fruits (Capsules)
appear from September-December,
ovoid-oblong, woody, dehisce with
6-10 valves; seeds ovoid, thin, winged.
Occasionally Planted. Herbal garden,
Department of Botany, Osmania
University. BSID, 2107.
Native: India.
Use: Timber used for agricultural
implements, fuel wood and leaves used for making
dinner plates.
160
Mediumsized deciduous tree; bark smooth,
silvery white, fibrous. Leaves simple, crowded at
the end of the branchlets, heart shaped, palmately
lobed; stipules foliaceous. Flowers appear from
February-March, in small racemes at end of the
leaf less branchlets, brick red, entire tree is leafless
in flowering. Fruits (Follicles) appear
from March-May, yellowish inside,
brick red outside, boat shaped with two
oval seeds attached to the edge near the
stalks.
Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah Park.
BSID, 2286.
Native: India.
Uses: Ornamental tree for attractive
flowers and fruits. Fiber obtained from
the stem bark.
161
 Small deciduous tree; bark yellowish
brown; branchlets hoary tomentose.
Leaves simple, obliquely ovate, sub
orbicular, irregularly toothed on
margins. Flowers appear from February-
April, 3-5 together in axillary cymose
umbels, bright yellow; peduncles as long
as petioles. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
May-June, globose, soft hairy, orange
yellow to red when ripe.
Occasionally planted. Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 1341.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe fruits are edible. Bark and
leaves used in traditional systems of
medicine.
162
Small tree with multiple stems from base;
bark brownish, smooth, peeling in vertical
flakes. Leaves simple, ovate, pale beneath.
Buds club shaped, soft hairy. Flowers appear
from February-April, in axillary cymes, pale
yellow; stamens yellowish, numerous. Fruits
(Drupes) distinctly 3-lobed, lobes rounded,
short soft hairy.
Planted. Forest arboretum, Dulapally. BSID,
1828.
Native: India.
Uses: Stem is used for making agricultural
implements.
163
 Medium sized tree; bark greyish,
vertically fissured. Leaves simple,
elliptic-oblong, stipules foliaceous.
Flowers appear from April-May, in
axillary cymes, yellow; peduncles
shorter than the petiole. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from July-
September, globose, slightly 2 lobed,
apple color when ripen.
Occurs wild in National parks and
University of Hyderabad. BSID,
1282.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits edible. Wood used for making
poles.
164
Fast growing semi evergreen tree; bark
greyish dark, reddish inside, peeling in
rectangular scales; branches spreading
and drooping. Leaves simple, elliptic,
ovate-oblong, hairy. Flowers appear
twice in July-April, in axillary or
terminal many-flowered cymes, yellow.
Fruits (Capsules) appear throughout
year, globose, woody with warty
projections, many-seeded.
Frequently planted in gardens and
along roadsides. BSID, 1794.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Avenue for shade. Self
propagating.
Note: Locally it is considered as
“Rudraksha” as the fruit resembles
“Rudraksha”.
165
 Evergreen tree with densely round
headed crown; bark smooth, greyish
brown. Leaves simple, orbicular, deeply
cordate at base. Flowers appear from
March, axillary, solitary, bright yellow
with a deep red centre, pendulous. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from June-December,
ovoid, hairy, with a short beak and
persistent calyx, dehisce into 5-valves.
Planted along road sides. HMT Ngar
colony, Habsiguda. BSID, 1859.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue and ornamental tree for
round headed dense
crown and showy
flowers.
166
Deciduous tree with conspicuous smooth, greyish
green stem and brownish papery bark, exfoliating
in thin papery flakes. Leaves simple, crowded at
the ends of branches, shallowly palmately lobed,
velvety beneath. Flowers appear from January-
February, bisexual and many male flowers
on terminal wooly panicles, greenish yellow;
petals absent; calyx petaloid, viscid hairy. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from March-May, follicles 4-6,
ovoid-oblong, bristly; seeds egg shaped, coppery
black, shining.
A rare tree planted in medicinal plant gardens,
arboreta, in botanical gardens. Department of
Botany, Osmania University. BSID, 1789.
Native: India.
Uses: Cut portion of the stem yields gum
which is called “Katira” or “Karaya” gum
used in traditional systems of medicine.
167
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish
brown, peeling in fibers. Leaves
simple, cordate-broadly ovate,
thin, narrowed. Flowers appear
from July-September, in terminal
large panicles, pinkish white. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from November-
March, membranous, inflated,
5-lobed; seeds globose, tubercled,
spirally twisted.
Frequently planted in gardens
and office campuses. Osmania
University. BSID, 1329.
Native: Indo-Malesia.
Uses: Ornamental for its foliage and
showy bloom.
168
Large deciduous tree; bark
greenish, shining, smooth. Leaves
digitate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate.
Flowers appear from March-April,
on terminal branchlets hiding
in the foliage. Fruits (Capsules)
appear in June-December, woody,
ovoid, narrowed at apex, brownish,
dehisce into 4 valves, many seeded.
Planted in gardens. Sanjeevaiah
park. BSID, 2258.
Native: America.
Uses: Ornamental tree and avenue.
169
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish, smooth;
young branches rusty-tomentose. Leaves
simple, shield shaped, oblong; stipules
prominent, white wooly beneath.
Flowers appear from December-March,
in terminal and axillary cymes; calyx
divided to the base, 5-lobed, lobes oblong,
fleshy, as long as petals, densely woolly
outside; petals white, oblong-linear,
twisted, slightly shorter than sepals. Fruits
(Capsules) appear throughout the year,
woody, pear shaped, dark brown, dehisces
with 5-valves; seeds winged.
Frequently planted in gardens and office
premises. BSID, 1348.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue tree for shade. Leaves used
for making dinner plates.
170
Deciduous tree; bark yellowish
grey, smooth; young branches rusty
pubescent. Leaves simple, elliptic
to oblong, silvery white beneath,
petiole rusty hairy. Flowers appear
twice from March-April and June-
July, solitary, erect in leaf axils, white.
Fruits (Capsules) appear round the
year, ovoid-oblong, silvery pubescent,
woody, dehisced into 5-locules; seeds
many, winged.
Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah
park. BSID, 2248.
Native: India.
Uses: Leaves, flowers and bark used in traditional
systems of medicine.
171
 Evergreen tree with rusty tomentose Large deciduous tree; bark greyish
branches; bark greyish brown, smooth. Leaves simple, broadly ovate-
smooth. Leaves simple, oblong, rusty heart shaped, thin; petioles long,
wooly petioles. Flowers appear from slender. Flowers appear from February-
November-December, 1-2 at ends of March, in short panicles on leafless
branchlets; petals white, fragrant, early branches, bell shaped, deeply divided
deciduous; sepals fleshy, oblong, twisted. into thick 5-6 segments, rusty hairy
Fruits (Capsules) appear from January- outside, crimson and veined inside.
Fruits (Follicles) appear round the year,
May, woody, brown, velvety, pointed
large, woody, compressed globose,
at both ends, 5-angled, dehisce with many seeded; seeds winged.
5-valves; seeds winged.
Occasionally planted. Forest arboretum, Planted in gardens. Syamala Kunta
Dulapally. BSID, 1333. Park and LACONES, Attapur. BSID,
2247.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used in making Native: India (Andaman and Nicobar
agricultural implements. Islands).
Uses: Avenue for shade.
Note: A single tree of Pterygota alata var.
irregularis (which is popularly known as mad tree
due to its variable shapes of leaves) is found at
Sanjeevaiah park.

172 173
 Deciduous tree with horizontal branches
in tiers; bark greyish brown, smooth.
Leaves digitate, crowded at the ends of
branches; leaflets 5-9, spoon shaped.
Flowers appear from February-March,
male and female distinct, in cluster of
racemes at the end of the branchlets, emit
foetid smell; petals absent; sepals petaloid.
Fruits (Capsules) appear from June-
January, with 5 radiating boat-shaped
follicles, woody; orange red when ripe,
with numerous, smooth, polished ovoid
seeds.
Frequently planted in gardens, along
roadsides, house yards, office fences as an
avenue and ornamental tree. BSID, 1391.
Native: India.
174
Evergreen trees; bark greyish black,
fissured in longitudinal rows. Leaves
simple, ovate-cordate. Flowers appear
round the year, axillary, solitary,
hiding in the leaves, yellowish cream
with dark purplish blotches at
throat, purplish pink in withering.
Fruits (Capsules) depressed globose,
epicarp indehiscent; seeds ovoid,
grooved on back, softly hairy.
Frequently planted along road sides,
gardens as an ornamental tree and
avenue. BSID, 396.
Native: India.
Note: It is distinct from Thespesia populneoides
by its fruit with indehiscent epicarp.
175
 Evergreen trees; bark greyish brown, Evergreen tree; bark greyish
brown with deep vertical
smooth. Leaves simple, ovate-cordate. lines, peeling in small flakes.
Flowers appear round the year, solitary Leaves pinnately compound;
in leaf axils, creamish yellow with dark leaflets lanceolate, unequal
purplish blotches at throat, purplish at base. Flowers appear from
pink in withering, drooping, hiding February-March, in axillary,
in the leaves. Fruits (Capsules) appear lax, racemose panicles,
white, fragrant. Fruits
round the year, globose, dehiscent (Drupes) appear from May-
epicarp; seeds kidney shaped. September, ovoid-oblong,
single seeded.
Occasionally planted. Botanical garden,
Frequently planted along
Osmania university. BSID, 2284. roadsides, in gardens and
kitchen gardens as an avenue
Native: India. tree and self propagating.
BSID, 110.
Uses: Ornamental tree and avenue.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue for shade. Leaves and bark used in
traditional systems of medicine. Seeds yield oil which
contain pesticidal properties. Young twigs used as tooth
brush.
Note: Though neem tree is widespread throughout India at
variety of habitats (except in forests) and the specific epithet
alluding to India, it is not considered native to India. But,
the findings of John A. Parrotta (2001) unequivocally prove
that it is native to Western Himalayas of India.

176 177
 Deciduous tree with dense crown; bark, Moderate sized tree with drooping
yellowish-grey, corky, longitudinally branches; bark greyish brown with deep
cracked, it appears like crocodile skin. vertical lines, feeling in flakes. Leaves
Leaves unipinnate, leaflets 10-20 pairs,
oblong. crowded at the end of the branchlets,
pinnate; leaflets alternate, elliptic ovate
Occasionally planted. KBR National Park. to oblong. Flowers appear from March-
BSID, 1442. April, in terminal panicles, greenish,
Native: India. fragrant. Fruits (Capsules) appears from
June-November, ovoid with winged
Uses: Bark and leaves are used in traditional seeds.
systems of medicine. Dried stems and
branches are kept in homes as mosquito
repellent. Timber used for making various Occasionally planted. Botanical garden,
articles. Osmania University. BSID, 2276.
Note: The Chloroxylon genus with its
capsular fruits and winged seeds was treated Native: India.
by Bentham and Hooker (1862), Hutchinson (1959)
and others in Meliaceae. Engler & Prantl (1931), Uses: Wood is used for timber and fuel.
has placed it under Rutaceae based on its punctate
leaves and distinct anther filaments. Thus, it appears
somewhat intermediate between these two families.
Airy Shaw (1996), transferred it to a distinct family
Flindersiaceae. Takhtajan (1997) has transferred it to
Meliaceae.

178 179
 Deciduous tree; bark brownish,
vertical fissured. Leaves clustered
at the ends of branches, pinnately
compound; leaflets ovate-
lanceolate with unequal base, dark
green. Flowers appear from March-
May, in axillary racemose panicles,
white; petals oblong, spreading;
staminal column dark purplish.
Fruits (Drupes) appear from May-
September, ellipsoid, greenish
yellow, single seeded.
Frequently planted along roadsides and
gardens. BSID, 2131.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue for shade.
180
Deciduous tree, bark bluish grey-dark
brown, fibrous, exfoliates in large scales.
Leaves clustered at the ends of the branches,
pinnately compound; leaflets oblong.
Flowers appear from March-April, in
axillary and terminal panicles, creamish
white. Fruits (Capsules) appear from April-
June, pear shaped, purplish green, with 5
vertical lines, dehisce with 5-valves, seeds
winged.
Occurs wild in Kasu Brahmanandha Reddy
National Park (KBR), and also planted in
Forest arboretum, Dulapally. BSID,1916.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark, and fruits are used in traditional
systems of medicine.
181
 Evergreen tree; bark greyish, peeling
off in thin vertical flakes. Leaves
pinnately compound, clustered at
ends of branches; leaflets lanceolate,
shining. Flowers appear from March-
April, in axillary panicles, greenish
yellow, fragrant, hiding in the leaves.
Fruits (Capsules) appear in June-
December, globose, woody, brownish.
Planted in gardens, along road sides
and on road median. BSID, 2110.
Native: Central America.
Large evergreen tree; bark greyish-
black, peeling off in vertical flakes.
Leaves pinnately compound,
clustered at ends of branches;
leaflets sickle shaped shining.
Flowers appear from March-
April, in axillary panicles, greenish
yellow, fragrant, hiding in the
leaves. Fruits (Capsules) appear
round the year, woody, pear
shaped, brownish.
Occasionally planted. Jawahar
Park, Masab Tank. BSID, 2288.

Uses: Avenue tree for shade. Native: North and Southern

America.

Uses: Avenue tree for shade.

Note: This species is distinct in having smaller

size of leaflets than S. marcrophylla King.

182 183
 Medium sized evergreen tree,
branchlets densely hairy; bark
greyish brown, corky, peeling in small
rectangular flakes. Leaves trifoliate;
leaflets oblong with dark green upper
surface and pale below. Flowers
appear from March-April, in axillary
and terminal corymbose panicles,
dull white. Fruits (Berries) appear
from June-September, oval-globose,
velvety, single seeded.
Planted in Forest Arboretum, Dulapally. BSID.
2171.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and root is used in traditional
systems of medicine.
Uses: Fruiting perianth edible.
184
Evergreen trees; bark smooth, greyish.
Leaves simple, large, clustered at the end of
the branchlets, deeply divided into lobes.
Flowers appear from March, unisexual,
four kinds, male, female, galls, and (rarely)
neuters. Fruit (Syncarp) appear from
March-August, globose-oblong, with short
stalks in leaf axils, rind yellowish-green
smooth or slightly spiny with hexagonal
surface.
Occasionally planted. St. Ann’s. College for
women, Secunderabad and Sanjeevaiah
park. BSID, 2175.
Native: India (Andaman and Nicobar
Islands) and Malaysia.
185
 Large evergreen tree; bark greyish
black, smooth. Leaves simple, broadly
obovate leathery, dark green, glossy
above. Flowers appear from March,
unisexual, four kinds, male, female,
galls, and (rarely) neuters, bulk of fruit
formed from the persistent perianth
of each flower. Fruit (Syncarp) appear
from March-August, hanging with
long stalks on the trunk and stems,
globose, oblong, surface spiny; seeds
dark-brown outer skin papery that
surrounds the fleshy, white edible
portion of the seed.
Planted in house yards and gardens for
its edible fruits. BSID, 2168.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruiting perianth is edible.
186
Deciduous tree with spreading branches; bark
greyish black, smooth peeling in thin horizontal
scales; aerial roots absent. Leaves simple, leathery,
ovate-oblong, shining, petioles long. Inflorescence
(Hypanthodia) appear from February-April,
solitary or in pairs on leafless branches, sessile,
pear shaped, dark purplish black when ripe.
Planted. Botanical garden, Osmania University.
BSID, 1846.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark used in
traditional systems of
medicine.
187
 Evergreen trees with dense umbrella Small evergreen tree with short trunk
shaped crown; bark smooth, greyish and wide spreading crown; bark smooth,
black; aerial roots absent. Leaves greyish. Leaves simple, large, broadly
simple, nerves distinct, petioles long; ovate-round, petioles brownish hairy.
young leaves coppery with pinkish Inflorescence (Hypanthodia) appear
petioles. Inflorescence (Hypanthodia) from August-December, on main trunk
appear from March-June, in pairs and stems in clusters, depressed globose,
or clusters from tubercles on silky hairy, with long or short stalks,
brownish purple- when mature.
leafless branchlets, sessile or shortly
pedunculate, depressed-globose,
smooth, purple with greenish dots Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah Park.
BSID, 2250.
when ripe.
Native: India.
Occurs wild in University of
Hyderabad in rocky situations. BSID, Uses: Ornamental tree.
1981.
Native: India.
Uses: Leaves and bark used in
traditional systems of medicine. Figs
eaten by birds.
Note: The seedlings and young foliage
of the tree is coppery and pinkish color
is distinct from other species of Ficus.

188 189
 Evergreen trees, branches wide
spreading with numerous aerial
roots go down to develop into
accessory trunks; bark smooth,
greyish. Leaves simple, ovate-
cordate, with cup shaped
base towards lower side,
leathery, shining. Inflorescence
(Hypanthodia) appear from
September-May, axillary, solitary,
in pairs, sessile, depressed globose,
yellowish orange-orange yellow
when ripe.
Frequently planted along road
sides and in gardens as an avenue tree and also self
propagating. BSID, 1080 & 1793.
Native: India.
Uses: Common avenue tree for shade. Leaves used
for making plates in Hindu ceremonies. Bark and
latex used in traditional systems of medicine. Sacred
plant for Hindus. Figs are eaten by birds.
Note: It is an epiphytic plant in
seedling stage, frequently found
growing epiphytically and enveloping
Borassus flabellifer L. (Palmyarah) also
in the crevices of old walls or wells. In
Hyderabad, association of palmyarah
and Banyan tree is very common.
190
Evergreen trees, branches wide
spreading with numerous aerial
roots go down to develop into
accessory trunks; bark smooth,
greyish. Leaves simple, ovate-
cordate, with cup shaped
base towards lower side,
leathery, shining. Inflorescence
(Hypanthodia) appear from
September-May, axillary,
solitary, in pairs, sessile,
depressed globose, yellowish
orange-orange yellow when
ripe.
Occasionally planted. Botanical garden, Osmania
university and Sanjeevaiah park. BSID, 1793.
Native: India.
Note: In rescent nomenclature database (The Plant
List) this varietal form (Ficus benghalensis var.
krishnae Corner) is merged under species proper
Ficus benghalensis L. which is being followed in
this work.
191
 Evergreen trees; bark greyish white, smooth
with small tubercles; aerial roots absent.
Leaves simple, leathery, shining, more or less
ovate-elliptic. Inflorescence (Hypanthodia)
appear from November-March, in pairs in
leaf axils, ovoid with depressed apical orifice,
sessile, apple color when mature.
More frequently planted in gardens, lawns,
under flyovers in house yards for ever green
foliage. BSID, 2155.
Native: South East Asia.
Notes: It is one of the most popular garden
and houseplant that is grown specially for
its attractive foliage, it can be pruned to
almost any shape and size, grown as an evergreen
tree or large shrub in offices and used for interior
landscaping. Cultivars are available with variegated
foliage.
192
Small deciduous tree; bark
smooth, silvery grey. Leaves
simple, with rounded projections
along margins. Inflorescence
(Hypanthodia) appear in April-
July, solitary, erect, in leaf axils,
pear shaped, depressed at apex,
pubescent when young, yellowish-
dark purple when ripen.
Planted in kitchen gardens, house
yards for its edible figs. BSID,
1878.
Native: Western Asia.
Uses: Ripe and dried figs edible.
193
 Evergreen trees with Small evergreen tree; bark
drooping branches; smooth, greyish. Leaves
bark reddish brown, simple, sand-papery, elliptic-
smooth; aerial roots oblong, margins finely
present. Leaves simple, toothed. Inflorescence
elliptic-oblong, (Hypanthodia) appear
leathery, shining, almost round the year, on
glossy evergreen or main stem and branches on
variegated; young tubercles, shortly stalked
buds enclosed with or sometimes hanging with
pinkish foliaceous long stalks, erect, fine hairy,
stipules. Figs not seen top shaped.
in under cultivation.
Common near moist, shady
Planted in gardens, places, along drainage canals
house yards in and also planted in gardens. BSID, 1262.
indoors. BSID, 1387.
Native: India.
Native: India.
Uses: Ornamental tree for glossy green foliage. Uses: Latex used in traditional systems of medicine.

194 195
 Evergreen tree with
spreading crown; bark
smooth, greyish. Leaves
Note: Ficus lyrata Warb and Ficus altissima Blume are also occasionally planted in simple, ovate, leathery,
gardens. dark green above, pale
beneath. Inflorescence
(Hypanthodia) appear
from March-May, solitary
in leaf axils, small, ovoid,
reddish when ripe.

Planted in gardens, parks

and house yards, BSID,
2263.

Native: India and China.

Uses: Ornamental tree.

196 197
 Large deciduous tree; bark grayish
brown, peeling in rectangular scales;
aerial roots absent. Leaves simple,
ovate or elliptic-oblong, shining.
Inflorescence (Hypanthodia) appear
from January-April, on short leafless
branches arising from the trunk
and main branches, pear shaped to
depressed globose, greenish yellow
turning yellow to bright orange-red.

Occurs wild in waste lands, near

moist localities and also planted
in gardens, along roadsides as an
avenue and near temples as a sacred
plant by Hindus. BSID, 1195.

Native: India.
Small deciduous tree with rusty brown branches; aerial roots present; bark smooth, greyish.
Leaves simple, elliptic-oblong, lower surface, pale, densely rusty fine hairy. Inflorescence Uses: Bark and latex used in
(Hypanthodia) appears in April-September, occurs in terminal leaf axils, and on leafless traditional systems of medicine. Ripe figs edible.
branches, small, solitary or in pairs, sessile, rusty hairy, depressed globose, woody.
Occurs wild on hill slopes in rocky situations in University of Hyderabad and Golkonda Fort.
BSID, 2124.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark used in traditional systems of medicine.

198 199
 Large deciduous tree; bark
smooth, brownish grey, peeling
in rectangular flakes; aerial
roots absent. Leaves simple,
ovate-round to cordate, shining,
leathery, apex long tapering.
Inflorescence (Hypanthodia),
appear from January-May,
on leaf less branchlets, sessile
or in pairs, small, depressed
globose dark-purple when ripe,
glabrous.
Frequently planted along
roadsides on median line as an
avenue tree and near temples as
a sacred plant. BSID, 1232.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and latex used in
traditional systems of medicines.
Note: It is an epiphytic tree in seedling stage,
frequently found growing epiphytically and
enveloping Borassus flabellifer and also in the
crevices of old walls or wells.
200
Deciduous tree with aerial roots and
spreading canopy; aerial roots wrap
around the main stem instead of forming
props; bark greyish, smooth, peeling in
thin small flakes. Leaves simple, elliptic-
oblong, midrib distinct. Inflorescence
(Hypanthodia) appear from January-
April, solitary, or in pairs in leaf axils,
yellowish-green, sub-sessile, subglobose,.
Occasionally planted in gardens and
residential colonies. Kakatiya Nagar,
Habsiguda. BSID, 2140.
Native: India.
Uses: Avenue tree for shade. Bark yields
fibre and also used in traditional systems of
medicine.
201
 Small deciduous monoecious or
dioecious tree with drooping branches;
bark dark brownish with small
tubercles. Leaves simple, ovate-cordate,
round toothed on margins. Flowers
appear from June-July, greenish, in
short peduncled, drooping axillary
catkins. Fruits (Sorosis) appear from
August-December, cylindric, dark
purple-black when ripe.
Planted. Herbal garden, Osmania
University. BSID, 2218.
Native: India.
Uses: Grown for rearing silk
worms; sorosis edible and red
powder of sorosis yield dye.
Small trees with dense foliage and
pendulous branches; bark greyish,
smooth; branchlets with short
stiff hairs. Leaves simple, sessile,
obovate or quadrangular, rough.
Flowers appear from July-August,
inflorescence broadly globular with
one central sessile female flower
surrounded by male flowers. Fruits
(Berries) appear from November-
March, yellow, globose, indehiscent,
enclosed by enlarged calyx lobes.
Occurs wild in undisturbed areas
in rocky situations. Attapur, near
Deccan Regional Centre, Botanical
Survey of India. BSID, 1166.
Native: India.

Uses: Stems and branches used as fuel. Bark

and leaves used in traditional systems of
medicine. Young twigs are used as tooth
brush.

202 203
 Fast growing, medium sized deciduous
tree; bark brownish, corky, deeply fissured
in aged trees. Leaves tri-pinnate; leaflets
elliptic-obovate. Flowers appear twice
in July and May, in spreading panicles,
white, fragrant. Fruits (Capsules) mostly
round the year, pendulous, elongate, with
3-angled, winged seeds.
Common, cultivated in kitchen gardens,
house yards for its fruits and also self
growing in waste places. BSID, 548.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits and leaves are used as
vegetable.
204
Small tree with spreading horizontal
young branches forming umbrella shaped
crown. Leaves simple, elliptic or ovate-
lanceolate, sharply toothed on margins.
Flowers appear from May-July, solitary
in leaf axils, white; stamens yellow. Fruits
(Berries) appear from July-September,
globose, red when ripe; seeds numerous,
minute.
Frequently planted in gardens and along
road sides in residential colonies and also
self propagating. BSID, 174.
Native: South America.
Uses: Avenue tree for shade. Fruits
edible.
205
 Small tree with pendulous branches;
bark black with longitudinal cracks.
Leaves simple, thick, spirally
developed along the branchlets, lens
shaped. Flowers appear from August-
November, in the axils of deciduous
bracts between the two vegetative
growths (intercalary), stamens
numerous, exserted, reddish. Fruits
(Capsules) appear round the year
globose, loculicidally dehiscent;
seeds numerous.

Frequently planted in gardens and

road sides. BSID, 1187.
Small tree with pendulous branches; bark greyish brown, peeling in large
longitudinal flakes. Leaves simple, closely, spirally developed along the Native: Australia.
branchlets, ovate-lens shaped, pale beneath. Flowers appear from August-
November, in the axils of deciduous bracts between the two vegetative growths Uses: Ornamental tree for showy bloom.
(intercalary), stamens numerous, much exerted, reddish. Fruits (Capsules)
appear round the year globose, loculicidally dehiscent; seeds numerous.
Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah park. BSID, 2251.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy bloom.

206 207
 Tall tree with a crown of branches at
apex; bark faintly bluish-reddish. Young
branches densely hairy. Leaves simple,
sickle shaped or lanceolate, strongly
aromatic.
Planted in CIMAP and Herbal garden of
Osmania University. BSID, 2220.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Leaves yield strongly scented oil.
208
Tall trees with pendulous branches;
bark greyish, peeling in thin large
flakes. Leaves simple, lanceolate-
sickle shaped. Flowers appear from
December-January, in capitate cymes
on drooping branches; buds conical
shaped; flowers pale white. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from March-
June, sessile, depressed globose-top
shaped, 4-ribbed.
Frequently planted in gardens. BSID,
938.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Leaves yield essential oil.
209
 Small pretty tree with dense
cluster of pendulous branches;
bark greyish, peeling off in
thin vertical flakes. Leaves
simple, lanceolate, aromatic,
spirally arranged on the
branchlets. Flowers appear
from February-March, in leaf
axils at ends of the branchlets,
fragrant, creamish white,
solitary. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from June-December,
woody, globose, indehiscent.
Planted in gardens, along
roadsides, in office campuses.
BSID, 2106.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy foliage.
210
Small tree; bark smooth,
greyish brown, peeling in
large flakes. Leaves simple,
elliptic-oblong. Flowers
appear from March-
April, in axillary cymes;
petals oblong, white, early
deciduous; stamens pale
yellow. Fruits (Berries)
appear from November-
February, globose or pear
shaped, yellow when ripe.
Planted in gardens, house
yards and also cultivated
in large scale on city outskirts for its edible fruits.
BSID, 2108.
Native: America.
211
 Medium sized tree; bark blackish,
peeling in large flakes. Leaves simple,
ovate-oblong, orbicular, young foliage
reddish. Flowers appear from March-
April, in corymbose axillary or lateral
cymes, pale yellow. Fruits (Berries)
appear from June-September, globose,
crowned at apex with persistent calyx.
Occasionally planted. CIMAP. BSID,
827.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and fruits are used in
traditional systems of medicine.
212
Evergreen trees; bark greyish brown,
smooth or with shallow depressions,
exfoliating in scales. Leaves simple,
elliptic-lanceolate, shining, midrib
prominent. Flowers appear from
March-April, in panicles on leaf
less branches, sweet-scented, pale
yellow. Fruits (Berries) appear from
June-September, ovoid-oblong, dark
purplish red, shiny, single seeded.
Frequently planted in gardens and house
yards. BSID, 1268.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits edible and avenue tree for
shade.
213
 Evergreen small tree with diffuse branching;
bark greyish black, peeling in small thin flakes.
Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate, glossy, dark.
Flowers appear from November-January, on
leafless branches in cymes, pale yellow, stamens
numerous, spreading. Fruits (Berries) appear
from January-March, cup shaped-slightly
pearshaped, pale-yellow, covering a crisp, mealy,
dry to juicy layer of yellowish flesh, sweet and
resembling the scent of a rose in flavour, crowned
with a ring of persistent sepals.

Planted in gardens and house yards. Botanical

garden, Osmania University. BSID, 2122.

Native: Indo-Malaysia.
Unarmed medium sized evergreen tree, with repeated pruning of the young
Uses: Ripen fruits are edible, and also it can be made branches it grows like shrub in gardens; bark smooth greyish brown; young
into jam or jelly. branches hairy. Leaves simple, appears, ovate-lanceolate.
Cultivated as hedge plant and specimen plant in gardens, house-yards. HMT
Nagar colony, Street No. 6 and Tank Bund. BSID, 2139.
Native: India.
Uses: Used as ornamental for showy foliage. Young leaves are used as vegetable.

214 215
 Thorny small tree; bark pale yellow-
black, crooked with deep fissures.
Leaves simple, ovate-oblong, roundish,
with shallow notch apex, young leaves
and ripened fruit color are similar.
Flowers appear from June-July, solitary
or 2-3 in leaf axils, pale yellow; corolla
densely hairy. Fruits (Drupes) appear
from September-December, orange red,
smooth, shining, attractive, globose,
single seeded, embedded in pulp.
Occurs wild in University of
Hyderabad. BSID, 2005.
Native: India.
Use: Ripe fruits are edible.
Wood is used as substitute
for sandal wood.
216
Small tree with quadrangular branches;
bark greyish brown, smooth, peeling in
linear threads. Leaves simple, elliptic-
ovate, rough textured. Flowers appear from
July-September, in axillary and terminal
trichotomous cymes, fragrant, with white
twisted corolla lobes and orange colored
tube, opening at sunset and falling off at
sunrise. Fruits (Capsules) appear from
August-December, cordate-rounded,
compressed bilaterally, apex notched.
Frequently planted in house yards, gardens
and near temples for its fragrant flowers.
BSID, 1362.
Native: India.
217
 Small evergreen tree; bark smooth,
greyish brown. Leaves pinnate;
leaflets opposite, ovate, basal leaflets
small. Flowers appear from January,
on terminal racemes, bright pinkish;
petals oblong, recurved, pinkish
with white margins. Fruits (Berries)
appear from November-February,
ellipsoid, 5-angled, shining yellow
when ripe.
Small evergreen tree with drooping
branches; bark smooth, greyish brown.
Leaves pinnate; leaflets opposite,
ovate-lanceolate. Flowers appear from
November-January, in short racemes
on the main trunk and branches, brick
red; petals oblong, recurved; stamens
white. Fruits (Berries) appear from
January-March, oblong, hairy, acutely
angled, yellowish when ripe.

Planted in gardens, near temples, Cultivated in gardens

house yards for edible fruits. Rambagh and house yards
temple, Attapur, Hyderguda. BSID, for edible fruits.
2179. Sanjeevaiah park.
BSID, 2287.
Native: Malaysia.
Native: Indonesia.
Uses: Fruits edible and rich in
Uses: Fruits edible
vitamin A & C.
and rich in vitamin
A & C.

218 219
 Small tree, branches thick, dotted with
scars of fallen branchlets. Leaves obliquely
elliptic, or ovate-elliptic. Flowers appear from
April-May, densely clustered from leafless
branchlets; male flowers numerous, red-pink,
tepals unequal; female flowers greenish. Fruits
(Berries) appear from May-July, depressed-
globose, grooved, juicy, endocarp hard.
Cultivated in kitchen gardens for its edible
fruits. BSID, 2114.
Native: Madagascar.
Uses: Unripe fruits are edible, and also used in
preparation
of pickle.
220
Small-Medium sized deciduous tree;
bark smooth, greenish-grey, peeling off
in flakes; branches spreading, young
branches reddish brown, hairy. Leaves
narrowly linear-oblong. Flowers appear
from March-May, unisexual, greenish
yellow, small, in dense axillary clusters;
male flowers numerous, on short slender
pedicels; female flowers few. Fruits
(Berries) globose, appear from October-
December, fleshy, yellowish green when
ripe, faintly ridged; seeds trigonous.
Planted in house yards, gardens for
its edible fruits and also planted near
temples as sacred plant. BSID, 1344.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits edible and also used in
preparation of pickle and ayurvedic
preparations such as Triphala.
221
 Dioecious small tree; bark dark
brown, peels in flakes. Leaves simple,
leathery, orbicular, with distinct veins;
leaves coppery when young; stipules
sheathing, membranous. Flowers
appear from July-August, in long and
partly drooping spikes, fragrant, small,
pale yellow. Fruits (Berries) appear from
September-December, ovoid, purplish
when ripe, in pendulous clusters, single
seeded.
Planted in gardens and parks. Botanical
garden, Osmania University and
Sanjeevaiah park. BSID, 1798.
Native: America.
Uses: Ornamental tree. Ripe fruits are used in
preparation of Jam; bark yield tannin rich red sap
that is used as dye.
222
Evergreen tree; bark greyish brown,
smooth. Leaves pinnatifid, fern like,
silvery, shining. Flowers appear from
November-December, on terminal
racemes, orange yellow; styles spring like
around the axis. Fruits (Follicles) appear
from February-May, brown beaked with
flattened, narrowly winged seeds.
Occasionally planted in gardens. Botanical
garden, Osmania University. BSID, 1796.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Ornamental tree for showy bloom
and fern like foliage.
Note: The nectar filled flowering spikes are
good feed for honey bees and birds.
223

Fast growing evergreen tree; branches
finely short hairy; bark greyish, finely
longitudinally furrowed. Leaves lobed,
fern-like, shining silvery white below.
Flowers appear from February-March,
in terminal spikes, orange yellow. Fruits
(Follicles) appear from May-September,
boat-shaped, woody, compressed,
blackish-purple; seeds elliptic.
Widely planted in gardens, parks, and
in house yards and also cultivated for its
foliage. BSID, 2145.
Native: Australia.
Uses: Leaves are used in preparation of
bouquets.
224
Small tree with pendulous branches
often armed with small axillary or
terminal throns; bark smooth, thin,
dark grey. Leaves simple, oblong-
lanceolate. Flowers appear round
the year, solitary in leaf axils, scarlet
red; calyx bell shaped, red; petals
obovate, wrinkled, inserted between
calyx lobes. Fruits (Berries) appear
round the year, globose, reddish
brown; seeds numerous, each
surrounded by a whitish-red, edible
testa.
Commonly planted in kitchen
gardens, house yards, and gardens.
Cultivated on large scale. BSID,
1880.
Native: Central and
West temperate
Asia.
Uses: Bark is used
in traditional
system of medicine;
seeds are edible;
225
 Evergreen tree with drooping Small thorny tree; bark
branches; bark greyish. Leaves greyish brown-black with
simple, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong, vertical cracks. Leaves
leathery, dark green, shining. simple, elliptic-ovate or
Flowers appear from March-April, orbicular, rusty wooly
dioecious, axillary; male flowers hairy below; stipular
numerous in dense clusters; female spines in pairs with
flowers solitary or few, greenish one straight and other
yellow, small. Fruits (Drupes) appear curved. Flowers appear
from June-December, ellipsoid, from August-September,
single seeded. in axillary cymes,
greenish. Fruits (Drupes)
Frequently planted in gardens and appear from November-
along road avenues for dense foliage. February, globose,
BSID, 2127. yellowish to brownish
when ripe, single seeded.
Native: India. Common tree found in
National Parks, University Campuses, Waste lands
and in Kitchen gardens. BSID, 1244.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe fruits are edible. Bark is used in traditional
systems of medicine.

226 227
 Thorny deciduous tree; bark
greyish brown, smooth; young
parts greyish wooly hairy. Leaves
simple, ovate-rounded, margins
sharply toothed. Flowers appear
from June-July, in axillary cymose
clusters, greenish-pale yellow.
Fruits (Drupes) appear from
September-March, ovoid, woody,
brown, single seeded.
Common in National parks and
University campuses in rocky
situations. BSID, 1909.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits are eaten by the sheep and goats. Stems
and branches are used as fuel.
228
Small, armed deciduous tree, bark
greyish, white, smooth; stems and
branches hard. Leaves simple, crowded
at ends of branchlets, spoon shaped-
semi-orbicular. Flowers appear from
May, solitary or in lax cymes, dull white,
turning yellow. Fruits (Berries) appear
from September-March, sub globose,
pericarp fleshy; endocarp woody, with
tough stalk.
Occurs wild in Harinavanasthali National
park. BSID, 2224.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used
for agricultural
implements.
Note: Fruit resemble
elephant apple
(Limonia acidissima).
229
 Large deciduous tree; bark
greyish, smooth, exfoliating in
irregular woody scales in old
trees. Leaves simple, cordate with
long pinkish brownish petioles
and leafy stipules. Flowers appear
from July-August, in axillary
globose heads, yellow; styles wiry,
exserted; stigmas club shaped .
Fruits (Capsules) appear from
September-December, 2 dehiscent
cocci.
Planted. Botanical garden,
Osmania University. BSID, 2125.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for all purposes of planking in
indoor furniture.
230
Small bushy tree; bark greyish,
smooth. Leaves simple, ovate.
Flowers appear round the
year, scarlet, on terminal small
panicles in helicoid cymes
(flowers arranged on one side);
calyx bell shaped, scarlet.
Commonly planted in gardens
and home steads. BSID, 2271.
Native: America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for bushy
habit and showy flowers.
231
 Small evergreen tree; bark greyish
brown, peeling in vertical flakes.
Leaves simple, elliptic-oblong, leathery,
dark green above. Flowers appear
from February-March, in terminal
panicles; buds pinkish; open flowers
white, fragrant. Inflorescence branches
pinkish red. Fruits (Drupes) globose,
reddish-purplish, black when ripe,
shining.
Common, occurs wild in KBR National
park, grows in rocky situations. BSID,
1914.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe fruits are eaten by birds.
furniture and agricultural implements.
232
Deciduous tree; bark greyish black,
peeling off in rectangular scales. Leaves
simple, oblong-suborbicular, stipules
leafy. Flowers appear from June-July,
in globose, axillary heads, pale yellow,
fragrant; styles exserted, filiform and
club shaped; stigmas white, turning
brownish. Fruits (Capsules) appear
from September-December, globose-
oblong, with warty projections.
Occasionally planted. Near B-Hostel,
Osmania University. BSID, 1922.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for making
233
 Evergreen small tree; bark
greyish, smooth. Leaves
simple, elliptic-oblong-
lanceolate. Flowers
appears from March-
April, in small terminal
and axillary heads, white,
fragrant. Fruit (Syncarp)
appear from April-August,
ovoid-oblong, with
number of hard, 1-seeded
nutlets embedded in pulpy
mass.
Ocassionally planted. CIMAP and Sanjeevaiah
park. BSID, 2138.
Native: India.
Uses: “Noni” a well known Ayurvedic tonic
prepared from the fruits is used for general debility
and rejuvenation.
234
Deciduous trees with irregular branches;
bark corky, brittle, yellowish orange,
with numerous deep longitudinal
cracks. Leaves simple, broadly ovate-
elliptic, whitish soft hairy on lower
surface. Flowers appear from March-
April, in small terminal and axillary
heads, white, fragrant. Fruits (Syncarp)
appear from April-June, globose;
nutlets many, 1-seeded included in
pulpy mass.
Occasionally planted. Flying squad
forest office, Uppar palli, Attapur. BSID,
1870.
Native: India.
Uses: A scarlet dye produced
from the roots and bark is used in
dyeing clothes, and also used in
traditional systems of medicine.
Note: It can be easily
distinguishable by its brittle
yellowish orange bark.
235
 Large evergreen tree with
horizontally spreading branches;
bark greyish black, peeling off in
thin rectangular scales. Leaves
simple, ovate-oblong, shining with
impressed nerves. Flowers appear
from June-August, pale yellow-
creamish with exserted filiform
styles and club shaped stigma, in
terminal globose heads. Fruits
(Capsules) appear from September-
December, fleshy, yellow when ripe;
Occurs wild in KBR National Park. BSID, 814.
seeds small, with rough projections.
Native: India.
Frequently planted in gardens and
near temples. BSID, 529.
Native: India.
236
Small tree with multiple stems from
base; bark smooth, greyish black.
Leaves simple, ovate-oblong, pale
beneath. Flowers appear from June-
July, in terminal dense umbels,
fragrant, dull white, with long exerted
style and club shaped stigmas; entire
tree is leaf less in flowering. Fruits
(Berries) appear from August-
December, small, globose, hairy
when young, bluish black when ripe.
Uses: Leaves and bark
are used in traditional
systems of medicine.
Note: The tree blooms
soon after the monsoon,
the entire tree is leafless
and full of fragrant
flowers.
237
 Thorny deciduous tree; bark brownish, Small bushy tree with stout
stiff thorns; bark blackish,
smooth, silvery white, exfoliating in irregular
smooth. Leaves trifoliate,
flakes in old trees. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, lateral two leaflets are
unequal, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers appear completely reduced,
from April-May, in axillary racemes, greenish terminal leaflet appears like
yellow, turning purplish. Fruits (Berries) simple leaf, elliptic-ovate;
appear throughout year, woody, depressed petioles broadly winged.
globose, yellowish green with numerous seeds Flowers appear throughout
embedded in sweet yellow pulp. year, solitary or clustered
in the axils of leaves,
Planted near temples, kitchen gardens, house white, fragrant. Fruits
yards and in medicinal plant gardens. BSID, (Hesperidium) appear
1873. round the year, globose,
Native: India. rind thin, yellowish; seeds many, ovoid.
Uses: Sacred plant. Leaves are offered to More frequently cultivated in house yards, kitchen gardens, and also cultivated
god Shiva. Ripe fruits are used in traditional in large scale in city outskirts. BSID, 2273.
systems of medicine and edible. Native: China.
Note: As the Maredu trees
Use: Fruits
(Aegle marmelos) were
are rich in
occurring in abundance, vitamin
in Secundrabad two “C” and
localities viz., East and widely used
West Maredupalli are for various
named after this tree. purposes.

238 239

Small tree with few thorns;
bark smooth, greyish-black.
Leaves trifoliate, lateral two
leaflets are completely reduced,
terminal leaflet appears like
simple leaf, ovate-oblong;
petioles narrowly winged.
Flowers appear round the
year, axillary solitary, white.
Fruits (Hesperidium) appear
round the year, globose, rind
adherent, green or yellow
when ripe.
Cultivated in gardens and
house yards for edible fruits. BSID, 2272.
Native: South East Asia.
Uses: Juice from the sweet pulp is widely used.
240
Thorny deciduous tree; bark greyish
white with vertical, horizontal cracks.
Leaves pinnately compound, aromatic;
rachis inconspicuously winged;
leaflets ovate-obovate, shining.
Flowers appear from March-April,
on leafless branches, polygamous
(male and bisexual on the same
inflorescence), greenish yellow with
blood red anthers. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from June-March, depressed
globose, greyish with numerous seeds
embedded in sweet, fleshy pulp.
Occurs wild in protected areas in
National parks, and in University
campuses. Osmania University, near
Tagore auditorium. BSID, 1824.
Native: India.
Uses: Ripe fruits are edible. Un-
ripe fruits are used in preparation
of pickles. Bark and leaves are used
in traditional systems of medicine.
241
 Small evergreen tree; bark
greyish, rough. Leaves pinnately
compound, aromatic; leaflets
elliptic-ovate. Flowers appear
twice in August-April, in dense
terminal corymbose panicles,
white, fragrant. Fruits (Berries),
appear from April-June, globose,
dark purplish when ripe.
Planted in kitchen gardens for
its strong aromatic leaves. BSID,
1579.
Native: India.
Uses: Leaves used in flavouring
curries and other foods, also
eaten directly for digestion.
242
Medium sized tree; spines axillary; bark
greyish brown, longitudinally corky.
Leaves 3-5 foliolate; leaflets ovate
with wavy margins; petiole and rachis
jointed, winged. Flowers appear from
March-April, in axillary racemes, white.
Fruits (Berries) appear from August-
December, globose with shining seeds.
Occurs wild. University of Hyderabad.
BSID, 2014.
Native: India.
Uses: Roots, bark, leaves and fruits are
used in traditional systems of medicine.
243
 Small thorny deciduous trees, bushy; Small tree or large shrub; bark greyish
bark greyish brown; young branches white, branches drooping. Leaves
softly hairy, pinkish. Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate, fleshy.
ovate-obovate, or oblong-elliptic.
Flowers appear from September- Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah park.
March, in axillary or terminal BSID, 2237.
racemes, white or greenish yellow, Native: India.
small; petals absent. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from March-May, globose, Uses: Branches are used for brushing
with 6 or 7 nutlets, orange, dark red- the teeth.
purplish when ripe.

Common in scrub forests in National

parks and University campuses.
BSID, 1164.

Native: India.

Uses: Fruits are edible. Young branches

are used as feed for animals.

Evergreen tree with numerous

pendent branches; bark whitish,
fissured. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate.
Occasionally planted. Sanjeevaiah
park. BSID, 2236.

Native: Africa
Uses: Branches are chewed for tooth
cleaning. The leaves are used in
traditional systems of medicine.

244 245
 Semi evergreen-tree growing with
straight stem and drooping branches;
bark dark grey outside, rough with
deep vertical cracks. Leaves simple,
ovate-lanceolate, shining, leathery.
Flowers appear from August, in axillary
and terminal trichotomous cymes,
opening pale yellow, turning maroon
color. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
December-March, globose with apical
disc, turning red to purplish black when
ripe, single seeded.
Frequently occurs wild in University
campuses and National parks. BSID,
1271.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood yields essential oil used in
preparation of perfumes and cosmetics.
Note: Plants are partial root parasites in
seedling stage.
246
Evergreen tree with dense
foliage; bark greyish brown,
smooth; young branches
rusty brown, angular. Leaves
pinnately compound, rachis
broadly winged; leaflets
lanceolate, shining, young
leaves yellowish. Flowers
appear from January-February,
in axillary panicles, small,
polygamous. Fruits (Drupes)
appear from March-May,
ovoid-sub-globose, purplish
black when ripe; seeds ovoid,
brownish.
Planted in gardens as an
ornamental for evergreen
foliage. Department of
Botany, Osmania University.
BSID, 2121.
Native: India.
Uses: Leaves are used in
bouquet making.
247
 Semi evergreen tree; bark greyish black,
peeling in thick, small rounded flakes.
Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets
3 pairs, oblong, leathery. Flowers
appear from September-October, in
terminal rusty pubescent panicles,
pale yellow, polygamous. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from December-
March, ovoid, rusty yellowish green,
yellowish brown when mature; seeds
ellipsoid, blackish brown.
Frequently planted in gardens, along
road sides and house yards. BSID,
1138.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits are used as detergent,
substitute for soap and shampoo.
248
Large deciduous tree; stems and
branches with milky sap; bark brown
with circular rings in young trees,
greyish black with vertical cracks,
exfoliating in thin scales in aged trees.
Leaves simple, clustered near the ends
of braches, broadly ovate, densely
soft hairy beneath. Flowers appear
from February-March, crowded at
ends of branchlets on drooping rusty
tomentose pedicels; calyx brown,
hairy; corolla fleshy, juicy, sweet and
with many lobes. Fruits (Berries)
appear from April-June, ovoid-globose,
greenish, hairy, 1-3 seeded.
Occurs wild in University of Hyderabad
and also planted in gardens. BSID,
1889, 2260.
Native: India.
Uses: The Corolla is fleshy, juicy and sweet eaten
by local people and by fermentation and distillation
yield spirit; wood is used as timber. Leaves are used
for making dinner plates.
249
 Deciduous tree; stems and branches Gregarious evergreen tree with
with milky sap; bark brown with circular irregular trunk; bark greyish
rings in young trees, greyish black with brown, deeply furrowed in
vertical cracks, exfoliating in thin scales in aged trees; branches with milky
aged trees. Leaves simple, clustered near sap. Leaves simple, closely set
the ends of braches, elliptic-oblong or on branches, leathery, oblong-
lanceolate, densely soft hairy below. obovate, shallowly notched
Occurs wild in University of Hyderabad at apex. Flowers appear
and also planted in gardens. BSID, 2242. from October-November,
fascicled in terminal leaf
Native: India. axils, dull white, fragrant.
Fruits (Berries) appear from
January-March, ovoid, red
when ripe, 1-2 seeded.
Occasionally planted. KBR
National Park BSID, 2163.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits are edible.

250 251
 Evergreen tree; stem and branches with
milky sap; bark brown with vertical lines.
Leaves closely set at top of branches,
simple, oblong-lanceolate. Buds rusty
tomentose. Flowers appear twice in June
and December, solitary, pendulous in
leaf axils, pale yellow; calyx rusty brown.
Fruits (Berries) appear in cold season
and hot summer, ellipsoid-globose,
yellowish brown, scaly with ellipsoid,
blackish brown seeds.
Frequently planted in house-yards, in
gardens, and also cultivated large scale on outskirts
of city. BSID, 1893.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Ripe fruits are edible.
252
Evergreen tree with numerous,
spreading branches forming a
thick crown; bark blackish grey,
deeply cracked with vertical
and transverse fissures. Leaves
simple, ovate-oblong. Buds
ovoid, rusty tomentose. Flowers
appear from January-March,
in upper leaf-axils with many
corolla lobes, white, fragrant.
Fruits (Berries) appear from
March-June, ovoid, greenish
yellow, orange when ripe; 1-2
seeded, seeds dark brownish.
Frequently planted in gardens,
along roadsides, on median path
of roads as an ornamental and
avenue tree for evergreen foliage.
BSID, 1211.
Native: India.
Uses: Fruits are edible. Bark
is used in the traditional
systems of medicine.
253
 Tall deciduous tree; bark granular and
greyish brown. Leaves clustered at the
end of the branchlets; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, unequal at base, margins
irregularly toothed. Flowers appear
from January-February, in large, lax,
much branched panicles, pale yellow.
Fruit (Samara) appear from March-
June, thin, narrowed at both ends,
single seeded at middle.
Occurs wild in open places, gardens and
in planted. BSID, 1784.
Native: India.
Uses: Bark and leaves are
used in traditional systems
of medicine.
medicine.
254
Deciduous tree with reddish young
branches; bark greyish, somewhat
rough. Leaves pinnately compound,
crowded at branch terminals; leaflets
elliptic-lanceolate, sickle shaped.
Flowers appear from March-April,
in axillary panicles, greenish-pale
yellow. Fruit (Samara) appear from
April-May, blunt at both ends, seeds
compressed, winged.
Ocassionally planted. Forest
arboretum, Dulapally. BSID, 2170.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used in making match
boxes, matchsticks and incense sticks.
Resin and fruits are used in traditional
255
 Evergreen tree; bark greyish, smooth.
Leaves pinnately compound, at
the ends of the branchlets; leaflets
alternate, oblong, shining, glossy
green. Flowers appear from
February-March, in drooping
racemes, yellowish green. Fruits
(Drupes), appear from April-June,
ovoid-oblong, smooth, yellowish
brown, single seeded.
Planted in gardens and arboreta.
Osmania University. BSID, 2126.
Native: Tropical America.
Uses: Ornamental tree for evergreen
foliage. Seed oil is used as biodiesel.
256
Small unarmed short lived tree; bark
greyish, smooth with small tubercles;
branches tomentose. Leaves simple,
large, elliptic-oblong, densely hairy
on lower surface. Flowers appear
from November-December, in many-
flowered extra-axillary corymbose
cymes, pale yellow. Fruits (Berries)
globose, star shaped hairy; seeds
numerous.
Occurs in gardens and waste places.
Self propagating. BSID, 2274.
Native: America.
Uses: Ripe fruits are
eaten by birds.
257
 Tall deciduous tree; bark greyish,
smooth, peeling in corky scales on
old trees. Leaves simple, elliptic-
ovate. Flowers appear from January-
February, in short racemes, small,
greenish-yellow-brownish. Fruit
(Samara) appear from March-April,
orbicular, winged; seeds flat.
Common in open places and
occasionally planted along road
sides and gardens. BSID, 1230.
Native: India.
Uses: Planted for shade. Bark is
used in traditional systems of
medicine.
258
Large deciduous tree with drooping
branches; bark grey with vertical
lines, peeling off in thin flakes.
Leaves simple, elliptic-oblong,
shining, thin. Flowers appear from
July-August, in drooping racemose
spikes, fragrant, white. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from September-
December, fleshy, globosely ovoid,
orange colored when ripe.
Occasionally planted in gardens.
BSID, 2109.
Native: South America.
Uses: Flowers are fragrant. Wood
is used in furniture making.
259
 Deciduous tree; bark greyish brown, smooth,
peeling off in small scales; young branches
velvety hairy. Leaves simple, broadly ovate,
leathery. Flowers appear from March, in
dichotomously branched terminal clusters,
bright yellow. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
April-May, pear shaped, yellow when ripe;
seeds ovoid-ellipsoid, brown.
Planted in gardens, arboreta and college
campuses. Aged tree is seen in AV College at
Gaganmahal. BSID, 1832.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for making boxes, doors, toys
and furniture.
260
Small bushy tree with multiple stems; bark
yellowish brown, smooth; branches thorny.
Leaves simple, ovate. Flowers appear from
March-April, in terminal corymbs, pale
yellow-cream colored, fragrant. Fruits
(Drupes) appear from June-September,
globose, purplish blackish when ripe with
persistent calyx.
Frequent in rocky situations in protected
areas in National parks and in university
campuses. BSID, 1913.
Native: India.
Uses: Wood is used for fuel. Leaves and
bark are used in traditional systems of medicine.
261
 Large deciduous tree; bark greyish brown,
vertically fissured. Leaves simple, large,
elliptic-obovate, leathery with distinct nerves.
Flowers appear from July-August, in large
dichotomously branched terminal panicles,
white. Fruits (Drupes) appear from August-
December, globose, obscurely 4-lobed,
enclosed in inflated persistent calyx.
Planted in university campuses, gardens,
house yards and also cultivated in open plots
for commercial wood. BSID, 708.
Native: South East Asia.
Uses: Wood is strong and durable, used in
building constructions, making furniture
and agricultural
implements etc.
262
Deciduous tree; bark brownish-grey,
smooth. Leaves digitate; leaflets unequal,
lateral small, terminal large, ovate-
lanceolate; petioles prominently winged.
Flowers appear from March-April, in
dichotomous terminal panicles, white;
anthers bluish. Fruits (Drupes) appear from
April-June, ovoid, black when ripe.
Occasionally planted. Forest arboretum,
Dulapally. BSID, 1831.
Native: India.
Use: Leaves and bark are used in traditional
systems of medicine.
263
 Small tree with quadrangular Deciduous tree; bark
branches; bark greyish, peeling yellowish to brown,
in thin vertical flakes. Leaves smooth. Leaves digitate;
3-5 foliolate; leaflets, unequal, leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
laterals small, terminal large, rachis winged. Flowers
ovate-lanceolate. Flowers appear appear from March-May,
intermittently throughout year, on terminal panicles, bluish;
in cymes on terminal panicles, calyx rusty hairy. Fruits
bluish purple. Fruits (Drupes) (Drupes) appear from July-
appear from September- December, sub-globose,
December, globose, black when black when ripe.
ripe.
Occasionally planted. Forest
Common, planted near houses, gardens. BSID, 188.
arboretum, Dulapally.
BSID, 1972.
Native: South East Asia.

Uses: Roots, Leaves and young twigs are used in Native: India.
traditional systems of medicine.
Uses: Leaves and bark are used in traditional
systems of medicine.

264 265
 Lignum vitae, Guajacum (Eng.).

Small evergreen tree; bark

smooth, greyish. Leaves
compound; leaflets elliptic-ovate,
leathery, dark green above, pale
beneath.

Occasionally planted.
Sanjeevaiah park. BSID, 2241.

Native: South America.

Uses: Ornamental for compactly

rounded appearance of foliage.

266
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268
 INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES
Acacia arabica Willd. 120
Acacia auriculiformis Benth. 111
Acacia campbellii Arn. 112
Acacia chundra Willd.113
Acacia eburnea Willd.114
Acacia holosericea G. Don 115
Acacia leucophloea Willd. 116
Acacia nilotica Delile 117
Acacia senegal Willd. 118
Acacia sundra DC. 113
Achras sapota L. 252
Adansonia digitata L. 155
Adansonia fony Baill. 156
Adansonia grandidieri Baill. 156
Adansonia gregorii F. Muell. 156
Adansonia madagascariensis Baill. 156
Adansonia perrieri Capuron 156
Adansonia suarezensis H. Perrier 156
Adansonia za Baill. 156
Adenanthera pavonina L. 119
Adina cordifolia B. D. Jacks. 230
Aegle marmelos Correa 238
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. 254
Ailanthus malabarica DC. 255
Ailanthus triphysa Alston 255
Alangiaceae 1
Alangium salviifolium Wangerin 1
Albizia amara Boivin 120
Albizia lebbeck Benth. 121
Albizia odoratissima Benth. 122
Albizia procera Benth. 123
Albizia saman Merr. 124
Aleurites trisperma Blanco 81
Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don 16
Alstonia scholaris R. Br. 17
Anacardiaceae 2
Anacardium occidentale L. 2
Annona cherimola Mill. 8
Annona glabra L. 9
Annona muricata L. 10
Annona reticulata L. 11
Annona squamosa L. 12
Annonaceae 8
Anogeissus latifolia Bedd. 63
Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. 236
Apocynaceae 16
Araliaceae 24
Artocarpus altilis Fosberg 185
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. 186
Artocarpus incisus L. f. 185
Artocarpus integrifolius L. f. 186
Averrhoa bilimbi L. 218
Averrhoa carambola L. 219
Averrhoaceae 218-219
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. 177
Balanitaceae 25
Balanites aegyptiaca auct. non (L.) Delile 25
Balanites roxburghii Planch. 25
Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn. 84
Barringtonia asiatica Kurz 85
Barringtoniaceae 84-86
Bauhinia alba Wall. 93
Bauhinia blakeana Dunn 88
Bauhinia purpurea L. 89
Bauhinia racemosa Lam. 90
Bauhinia tomentosa L. 91
Bauhinia variegata L. 92
Bauhinia variegata var. candida Voigt 93
Bignoniaceae 26
Bixa orellana L. 41
Bixaceae 41
Bombacaceae 155-169
Bombax aquaticum K. Schum. 169
Bombax ceiba L. 157
Boraginaeae 44
Boswellia ovalifoliolata N. P. Balakr. &
Henry 49
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. 50
Brassaia actinophylla Endl. 24
Bridelia montana Willd. 74
Bridelia retusa A. Juss. 75
Brownea grandiceps Jacq. 94
Buchanania cochinchinensis M.R.
Almeida 3
Buchanania lanzan Spreng. 3
Bucida molineti Alwan & Stace 64
Bursera peniciillata Engl. 51
Burseraceae 49
Butea monosperma Taub. 131
Caesalpinia coriaria Willd. 95
Caesalpinia sappan L. 96
Callistemon polandii F.M. Bailey 206
Callistemon viminalis G. Don 207
Calophyllum inophyllum L. 61
Cananga odorata Hook. f. & Thomoson 13
Cannabaceae 55
Capparaceae 56
Capparis grandis L. f. 56
Careya arborea Roxb. 86
Carica papaya L. 58
Caricaceae 58
Cassia fistula L. 97
Cassia glauca Lam. 109
Cassia marginata Roxb. 99
Cassia renigera Benth. 98
Cassia roxburghii DC. 99
Cassia siamea Lam. 107
Cassia spectabilis DC. 108
Casuarina equisetifolia L.59
Casuarinaceae 59
Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.158
Ceiba speciosa Ravenna 159
Celastraceae 60
Ceriscoides turgida Tirveng. 229
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. 178
Chorisia speciosa A. St. Hil. 159
Chukrasia tabularis A. Jussieu 179
Cicca acida Merr. 220
Cinnamomum camphora J. Presl 83
Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq. 259
Citharexylum spinosum L. 259
Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle 239
Citrus sinensis Osbeck 240
Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. Howard 132
Clusia rosea Jacq. 62
Clusiaceae 61
Coccoloba uvifera L. 222
Cochlospermaceae 42
Cochlospermum religiosum Alston 42
Cochlospermum vitifolium Spreng. 43
Colvillea racemosa Boj. 100
Combretaceae 63
Commiphora caudata Engl. 52
Commiphora mukul Engl. 53
Commiphora wightii Bhandari 53
Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. 44
Cordia macleodii Hook. f. & Thomson 45
Cordia obliqua Willd. 44
Cordia sebestena L. 46
Corymbia citriodora L. A. S. Johnson 208
Couroupita guianensis Aubl. 87
Crateva religiosa G. Forst. 57
Crescentia cujete L. 26
Dalbergia lanceolaria L. f. 133
Dalbergia lanceolaria ssp. paniculata
(Roxb.) Thoth. 134
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. 135
Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. 134
Dalbergia sissoo DC. 136
Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. 137
Delonix elata (L.) Gamble 101
Delonix regia Raf. 102
Desmodium oojeinense H. Ohashi 138
Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. 125
Dillenia indica L. 70
Dilleniaceae 70
Diospyros blancoi A. DC. 71
Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. 72
Diospyros discolor Willd. 71
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 73
Dolichandrone falcata Seem. 27
Drypetes roxburghii Hurus. 226
Ebenaceae 71
Ehretia acuminata R. Br. 47
Ehretia laevis Roxb. 48
Ehretia ovalifolia Hassk. 47
Ehretia pubescens Benth. 48
Elaeocarpaceae 208
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. 221
Eriolaena hookeriana Wight & Arn. 160
Erythrina crista-galli L. 139
Erythrina variegata L. 140-141
Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. 208
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. 209
Eugenia jambos L. 214
Euphorbia neriifolia L. 76
Euphorbia tirucalli L. 77
Euphorbiaceae 74
Feronia elephantum Corr. 241
Ficus altissima Blume 196
Ficus amplissima Sm. 187
Ficus arnottiana Miq. 188
Ficus auriculata Lour. 189
Ficus benghalensis L. 190-191
Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae Corner 191
Ficus benjamina L. 192
Ficus carica L. 193
Ficus elastica Roxb. 194
Ficus glomerata Roxb. 199
Ficus hispida L. f. 195
Ficus infectoria Miq. 201
Ficus krishnae C.DC. 191
Ficus lyrata Warb. 196
Ficus microcarpa L. f. 197
Ficus mollis Vahl 198
Ficus racemosa L. 199
Ficus religiosa L. 200
Ficus roxburghii Steud. 189
Ficus tomentosa Willd. 198
Ficus tsiela Roxb. 187
Ficus virens Aiton 201
Filicium decipiens Thwaites 247
Firmiana colorata R. Br. 161
Flacourtia indica Merr. 244
Flacourtiaceae 244
Flindersiaceae 178
Gardenia turgida Roxb. 229
Garuga pinnata Roxb. 54
Gliricidia sepium Walp. 142
Gmelina arborea Roxb. 260
Grevillea pteridifolia Knight 223
Grevillea robusta R. Br. 224
Grewia asiatica L. 162
Grewia heterotricha Mast. 163
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl 164
Guaiacum officinale L. 266
Guazuma tomentosa Kunth 165
Guazuma ulmifolia var. tomentosa K.
Schum. 165
Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. 82
Gyrocarpaceae 82
Gyrocarpus asiaticus Willd. 82
Haldina cordifolia Ridsdale 230
Hamelia patens Jacq. 231
Handroanthus impetiginosus Mattos 28
Hardwickia binata Roxb. 103
Hernandiaceae 82
Hibiscus tiliaceus L. 166
Holarrhena antidysenterica sensu Hook. f. 18
Holarrhena pubescens G. Don 18
Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. 258
Inga dulcis Willd. 128
Ixora arborea Sm. 232
Ixora parviflora Vahl 232
Ixora pavetta Andrews 232
Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don 29
Jatropha curcas L. 78
Kavalama urens (Roxb.) Raf. 167
Kigelia africana Benth. 30
Kigelia pinnnata DC. 30
Kleinhovia hospita L. 168
Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack 150
Lagerstroemia flos-reginae Retz. 152
Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 151
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers. 152
Lannea coromandelica Merr. 4
Lauraceae 83
Lecythidaceae 84-87
Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae 88-110
Leguminosae- Mimosoideae 111-130
Leguminosae- Papilionoideae 131-147
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit 126
Limonia acidissima L. 241
Loganiaceae 148-149
Lythraceae 150-152
Macaranga peltata Müll. Arg. 79
Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. 249
Madhuca latifolia J. F. Macbr. 249
Madhuca longifolia J. F. Macbr. var.
latifolia A. Chev. 249
Madhuca longifolia J. F. Macbr. var.
longifolia 250
Magnolia champaca Pierre 153
Magnolia grandiflora L. 154
Magnoliaceae 153
Mallotus philippensis Müll. Arg. 80
Malvaceae 155-176
Mangifera indica L. 5
Manilkara hexandra Dubard 251
Manilkara sapota (L.) van Royen 252
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen 252
Markhamia lutea K. Schum. 31
Markhamia platycalyx Sprague 31
Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. 210
Melia azedarach L. 180
Meliaceae 177-184
Michelia champaca L. 153
Millettia ovalifolia Kurz 143
Millettia peguensis Ali 143
Millingtonia hortensis L. f. 32
Mimusops elengi L. 253
Mimusops hexandra Roxb. 251
Mitragyna parvifolia Korth. 233
Moraceae 185-203
Morinda citrifolia L. 234
Morinda pubescens Sm. 235
Morinda tinctoria Noronha 234
Moringa oleifera Lam. 204
Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. 204
Moringaceae 204
Morus alba L. 202
Muntingia calabura L. 205
Muntingiaceae 205
Murraya koenigii Spreng. 242
Myrtaceae 206-214
Naringi crenulata Nicolson 243
Neolamarckia cadamba Bosser 236
Nyctaginaceae 215
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. 217
Olacaceae 216
Oleaceae 217
Oroxylum indicum Benth. ex Kurz 33
Ougeinia oojeinensis Hochr. 138
Oxalidaceae 218-219
Pachira aquatica Aubl. 169
Pachypodium lamerei Drake 19
Parkia biglandulosa Wight & Arn. 127
Parkinsonia aculeata L. 104
Pavetta indica L. 237
Peltophorum pterocarpum K. Heyne 105
Phyllanthaceae 220
Phyllanthus acidus Skeels 220
Phyllanthus emblica L. 221
Pisonia alba Span. 215
Pisonia umbellifera Seem. 215
Pithcellobium saman Benth. 124
Pithecellobium dulce Benth. 128
Plumeria obtusa L. 20
Plumeria pudica Jacq. 21
Plumeria rubra L. 22
Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia 15
Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites 14
Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula 15
Polygonaceae 220
Pongamia pinnata Pierre 144
Premna latifolia Roxb. 261
Premna mollissima Roth 261
Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce 129
Prosopis juliflora DC. 130
Prosopis spicigera L. 129
Proteaceae 223-224
Psidium guajava L. 211
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. 145
Pterocarpus santalinus L. f. 146
Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. 170
Pterospermum canescens Roxb. 171
Pterospermum xylocarpum Santapau &
Wagh 172
Pterygota alata R. Br. 173
Punica granatum L. 225
Punicaceae 225
Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. 226
Putranjivaceae 226
Radermachera xylocarpa K. Schum. 34
Reutealis trisperma Airy Shaw 81
Rhamnaceae 227-228
Rhus mysorensis G. Don 6
Rubiaceae 229-237
Rutaceae 238-243
Salacia chinensis L. 60
Salacia prionoides DC. 60
Salicaceae 244
Salvadora oleoides Decne. 245 Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb. 28
Salvadora persica var. wightiana Verdc. 245 Tabebuia dubia Seibert 38
Salvadora persica sensu Roxb. non L. 245 Tabebuia rosea A. DC. 39
Salvadoraceae 245 Tamarindus indica L. 110
Samanea saman Merr. 124 Tecoma castanifolia Melch. 40
Santalaceae 246 Tecoma gaudichaudii DC. 40
Santalum album L. 246 Tectona grandis L. f. 262
Sapindaceae 247 Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn. 65
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl 248 Terminalia bellirica Roxb. 66
Sapindus trifoliatus L. 248 Terminalia catappa L. 67
Sapotaceae 249 Terminalia chebula Retz. 68
Saraca asoca Willd. 106 Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. 69
Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms 24 Thespesia populnea Correa 175
Semecarpus anacardium L. f. 7 Thespesia populneoides Kostel. 176
Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Tiliaceae 162, 163 & 164
Barneby 107 Trema orientalis Blume 55
Senna spectabilis (DC.) Irwin & Barneby 108 Ulmaceae 55, 258
Senna surattensis H.S.Irwin & Barneby 109 Verbenaceae 259
Sesbania grandiflora Pers. 147 Vitex altissima L. f. 263
Simarouba amara Aubl. 256 Vitex negundo L. 264
Simarouba glauca DC. 256 Vitex peduncularis Schauer 265
Simaroubaceae 254 Walsura trifoliolata Harms 184
Solanaceae 257 Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. 23
Solanum erianthum D. Don 257 Ximenia americana L. 216
Soymida febrifuga A. Juss. 181 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. 227
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. 35 Ziziphus xylopyrus Willd. 228
Sterculia alata Roxb. 173 Zygophyllaceae 266
Sterculia colorata Roxb. 161
Sterculia foetida L. 174
Sterculia urens Roxb. 167
Sterculiaceae 160, 161, 165, 167, 168, 170,
171, 172, 173 & 174
Stereospermum chelonoides DC. 36
Stereospermum suaveolens Benth. & Hook. f. 36
Stereospermum xylocarpum Benth. &
Hook. f. 34
Streblus asper Lour. 203
Strychnos nux-vomica L. 148
Strychnos potatorum L. f. 149
Swietenia macrophylla King 182
Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. 183
Syzygium alternifolium Walp. 212
Syzygium cumini Skeels 213
Syzygium jambos Alston 214
Tabebuia argentea Britton 37
Tabebuia aurea S. Moore 37
 Chinta 110 Edakulapala 17 Guava 211
Chirimanu 63 Elephant apple 70, 241 Guest tree 168
INDEX TO COMMON NAMES Chittagong red wood 179 Elephant ear fig 189 Guggul 53
Chitti thumma 112 Enugu chettu 155 Guiana chestnut 169
Aare 90 Baehda 66 Bottle brush 207 Chootapillu 245 Erra bikki 229 Gul mohar 102
Adavi amudamu 78 Bael 238 Brahmadandamu 30 Chundra 113 Erra chandanam 146 Gulab jamun 214
Adavi badam 174 Bahapilu 245 Brazilian coral tree 139 Clearing nut 149 Erra poliki 167 Gum arabic tree 118
Adavi neredu 212 Bakapa 96 Brazilian pawpaw 10 Clusia 62 Erra sunkesula 102 Gumkaraya 167
Adavi sambrani 49 Banda jivvi 201 Bread fruit 185 Cluster fig tree 199 Erra thumma 112 Gummidi teega 137
Agni mantha 261 Bandaru 230 Budda-dharmi 86 Coloured sterculia 161 Erra turai 102 Gummudi teku 260
African calabas 155 Bandi-gurivinda 119 Buddha tree 14, 15 Colville’s-glory 100 Eruvaku 142 Gumpena 4
African tulip tree 35 Bankapallu 44 Buddha’s coconut tree 173 Common fig 193  False ashoka 14, 15 Gundubigalu 74
Akasa malle 32 Banyan tree 190 Bullock heart 11 Copper pod tree 105 False sandalwood 96 Hard alstonia 16
Aku jamudu 76 Baobab tree 155 Buruga 157 Crocodile bark tree 69 Fern leaved grevillea 223 Hard milk wood 16
Alexandrian-laurel 61 Barbados flower fence 104 Burugu 157 Cuban mahogany 183 Fern tree 247 Hartaki 68
Alitha mamidi 52 Barrenki 203 Butter cup tree 43 Cuban pink trumpet tree Fiddle leaf Plumeria 21 Hathiya 155
Alligator apple 9 Bastard cedar 165 Butter fly pea tree 132 38 Fiddle wood 259 Helicopter tree 82
American sumac 95 Bastard sandal 216 Butterfly tree 89 Cucumber tree 30, 219 Fire bush 231 Honey fruit tree 165
Amla 221 Battaganapa 233 Cabbage tree 215 Curry leaf 242   Fire tree 102 Hong kong orchid tree 88
Amruth 211 Battai 240 Calabash tree 26 Curtain fig tree 201 Flame of the forest 131 Illinda 72
Anduga 49, 50 Beach barringtonia 85 Camphor laurel 83 Custard apple 8, 12 Floss silk tree 159 Illinta 72
Andugu 50 Beach hibiscus 166 Camphor tree 83 Daanimma 225 Gada nelli 55 Imli 110
Anjan 103 Beach mulberry 234 Cannon-ball tree 87 Danti 78 Ganga raavi 160, 175, 176 Indian almond 174
Anjir 193 Beedi-aku 73 Carambola 218 Darugu 138 Gara chettu 25 Indian cherry 227
Ankudu 23 Beggar’s bowl 26 Carribean queen 39 Deva ganneru 22 Garuga 54 Indian coral tree 140, 141
Annato 41 Bell bean tree 31 Cashew nut 2 Devakanchanamu 89, 92 Garugu 54 Indian cork tree 32
Antigonon tree 168 Belliric myrobalan 66 Ceiba 158 Devils tree 17 Geiger tree 46 Indian elm 258
Archibald’s cassia 108 Benjamin fig 192 Champaka 153 Dinner plate tree 160, 170 Giant kapok 158 Indian goose berry 221
Arjun 65 Big egg plant 257 Champakam 153 Dirishana 121 Glossy shower 109 Indian laburnum 97
Arjuna 65 Bilimbi 218 Chandanamu 246 Dita bark 17 Golden grevillea 223 Indian laurel fig 197
Asana 75 Billu 178 Charcoal tree 55 Dividivi 95 Golden bottle brush 210 Indian lavender tree 51
Ashoka 14, 15 Billudu 178 Chennangi 151 Dog’s wood apple 243 Golden fig 192 Indian mast tree 14, 15
Ashoka 106 Bilva 238 Cherimoya 8 Dog’s tongue 76 Golden shower 108 Indian medlar 253
Athi 199 Bird lime tree 215 Chettu sampenga 13 Drum stick 204 Golden shower tree 97 Indian mulberry 234
Australian acacia 111 Bitter wood tree 256 Chigara 120 Dudi 158 Golden yellow trumpet tree Indian oak 84
Australian Oak 59 Blue gum 209 Chikkudu 138 Dudippa 86 37 Indian pavetta 237
Autograph tree 62 Boddi chettu 79 Chilla 149 Dumpini 4 Gonni 45 Indian plum 227
Avisa 147 Boddu malle 32 Chillachettu 149 Dwarf geometry tree 64 Gorak-chinch 155 Indian red wood 96,179
Axlewood 63 Boggu chettu 55 China badam 174 Ear leaf acacia 111 Gotti 228 Indian red wood Tree 99,
Babul 114 Bomma-medi 195 Chinduga 122 East India ebony 73 Governor’s plum 244 181
Badam 67 Bonduqu 34 Chinese banyan 197 East Indian Stain wood 178 Green manure tree 142 Indian rock fig 188
Baditha 140 Boppai 58 Chinna usiri 220 East Indian walnut 121 Indian rosewood 135
Indian rubber 194 Konda golugu 192 Medi 199 Nemaliadugu 263, 265    Peddamanu 254 Rubber bush 194
Indian tree of heaven 254 Konda gogu 42 Meswak 245 Nemali-nara 258 Peepal 200 Rubber fig 194
Indian tulip tree 160, 175, 76 Konda juvvi 187 Mexican linaloe 51 Nepalamu 78 Pencil tree 77 Rubber plant 194
Indian-laurel 69 Konda neredu 212 Midnight horror 33    Neredu 213 Persian lilac 180 Sacred garlic pear 57
Indupa chettu 149 Konda ragi 52 Milk bush 77 Netha mamidi 52 Philippine tung tree 81 Safed semal 158
Ippa 249, 250 konda ravi 188 Milk hedge 76 Nidra ganneru 124 Pigeon wood 55 Sambrani 50
Iriki 44, 45 Konda tamara 79 Mimosa leaved Jacaranda Nile tulip tree 31 Pink cassia 98 Sampangi 153
Istaripala 18 Kondakalajuvvi 198 29 Nimbu 239 Pink trumpet tree 28, 39 Samudraphala 84
Jacaranda 29 Kondamarri 198 Modu ganner 22 Nimma 239 Pittamarri 198 Sand paper tree 203
Jack fruit 186 Koppedi 58 Modu jamudu 76 Niru kadambam 84 Pogada 253 Sandal wood 246
Jama 211 Koramaddi 75 Moduga 131 Noni 234 Poland’s bottle brush 206 Sapota 252
Jamaica cherry 205 Krishna marri 191 Money tree 169 Octopus tree 24 Pomegranate 225 Sappan 96
Jamaican mahogany 182 Krishna’s butter cup 194 Monkey apple 9 Odii 27 Pond apple 9 Sapthaparni 17
Jammi 129 Kuduru 226 Monkey pod 124 Orchid tree 132 Ponna 61, 232 Saptrangi 60
Jamun 213 Kuka elka 229 Mori chettu 3 Oridonda 56 Prickly custard apple 10 Sara pappu 3
Jangli badam 174 Kumaara ponaku 82 Mosambi 240 Pacha turai 105 Pride of India 152 Sarkar tumma 130
Java fig 192 Kumbhi 86 Motuku 131 Pachari 136, 134 Pulivelaga 244 Sarugudu 59
Jeedi 7 Kumbi 42 Moulmein rose wood 143 Pakki 203 Putranjiva 226 Satwin 17
Jeedimamidi 2 Kunkudu 248 Mountain bridelia 74 Pala chettu 251 Queen flower 152 Sausage tree 30
Jerusalem thron 104 Kurpa 84 Mountain ebony 92 Pala kodisha 18, 23 Quick stick 142 Scarlet bush 231
Jhal 245 Lakshmanaphalam 10 Muchukund 171 Paladantam 48 Raavi 200 Scarlet cordial 46
Jittegi 135 Lemon 239 Mulbery 202 Paladanti 47, 48 Racha usiri 220 Scarlet flame bean 94
Jivvi 201 Lemon eucalyptus 208 Muli-elka 244 Paladantum 47 Rain tree 124 Scholars tree 17
Kadamba 236 Lemon scented gum 208 Mulu tiruman 244 Palash 131 Rainbow shower tree 99 Sea grape 222
Kadambamu 236 Lettuce tree 215 Munaga 204 Palsa 162 Raktha chandanam 146 Sea hibiscus 166
Kalagogu 36 Lignum vitae guajacum 266 Munakkaya 204 Panama cherry 205 Ramaphalam 11 Sea poison tree 85
kala-goru 34 Lip-Stick tree 41 Musti 148 Panasa 186 Red cassia 99 Seema bagi 124
Kalijuvvi 198 Lolugu 172 Myrobalan 68   Pancha-pandavulu 36 Red cutch 113 Seema chinta 128
Kalpavriksh 155 Lucky bean tree 226 Nakkaregu 205 Panchothkam 74 Red kapok tree 157 Seema tangedu 107
Kanchanamu 93 Madagascar palm 19 Nakkira 216 Papaya 58 Red sanders 146 Seema tumma 104
Kanugu 144 Maddi 235 Nalla jeedi 7 Papidi 237 Red silk cotton tree 157 Seesham 136
Kapa garugu 34 Mahagoni 182 Nalla maddi 69 Paradise tree 256 Regoti 56 Seetha sundari 6
Karakkaya 68 Mahuwa 249, 250 Nalla tumma 117 Parijatham 217 Regu 227 Shallaki 50
Karivepaku 242 Malabar chest nut 169 Nallaponaku 82 Parsvapu chettu 160 Rela 97 Shami vruksham 129
Karpuramu 83 Mamidi 5 Nara yepi 103 Pasarganni 133 Relakayaa 97 Shitwood 82
Karsha 217 Mango 5 Naramamidi 14, 15 Pasariganni 123 Reni 227 Shivalingam chettu 87
Kinnera 217 Manila tamarind 128 Narlingi 120 Pasupuganapa 230 Reppala 23 Silk cotton tree 42, 43
Kolamuka 18 Maredu 238 Neelagiri 209 Patangi 74 River tea tree 210 Silky oak 224
Konda amudamu 78 Margosa 177 Neem 177 Pathri chettu 238 Rose apple 214 Silver leaf wattle 115
Konda chigara 122 Marking nut 7 Neerupatti 166 Pedda are 89 Rose of Venezuela 94 Silver oak 224
Konda chinta 105 Marri 190 Nela jidi 78 Pedda gummudu 260 Rough bush 203 Sindhuram 41
Masked tree 165 Nellikaya 220 Pedda turai 102 Rough-leaf fig 195
Sinduram 80 Tirumanu 63 West Indian pea 147
Siris 121 Titu 33 Whip tree 100   
Sisham 136 Togar-mogilli 235 White bean 255
Sissu 136 Togaru maddi 234 White fig 201
Sita phal 12 Togaru munaga 235 White gul mohur 101
Sita phalam 12 Tooth brush tree 203, 245 White orchid-tree 93
Snake wood 148 Torri velaga 243 White silk-cotton tree 158
Soap nut tree 248 Tree clitoria 132 White siris 123, 255
Somi 181 Tree jasmine 32 Wild cocoa 169
Soparka 178 Tropical crape myrtle 150 Wild tobacco 257
Sopera 134 Tuniki 73 Wood apple 241
Southern magnolia 154 Turka vepa 180 Yegisa 145
Spider tree 57 Uduga 1, 163 Yellow bauhinia 91
Spiny black olive 64 Ulinda 72 Yellow bells 40
Squirrel tree 35 Umbrella tree 24 Yellow elder 40
Srigandham 246 Uranechra 216 Yellow senna 107
Star fruit 219 Urimidi 57 Yeppa 103
Stinkwood 82 Usiri 221 Zaitun 82
Subabul 126 Vaavili 264
Sundra 113 Vandanamu 138
Suranji 234 Varjam 140
Taani 66 Velaga 241
Takkali 261 Velama 63
Tamarind tree 110 Veluthuru chettu 125
Tapasi 258 Velvet apple 71
Tapasu 167 Vepa 177
Teak 262 Visha musti 148
Teku 262 Walsura 184
Tella deva ganneru 20 West Indian mahogany 183
Tella maddi 65
Tella sunkesula 101
Tella tumma 116
Tella turai 101
Tella varjam 141
Tellaburuga 158
Tella-chinduga 123
Temple plant 57
Tendu 73
Tennis ball tree 127
Thada 164
Thandra 66
Adansonia digitata at Nayaquila,
foot hill of Golkonda fort