Police
Politeiia Greek – Government of a city
Politia Latin – Civil administration
Police – French – person to enforce law
Law enforcer – Enlish & american ( Borrowed)
The sumerian Code 2300 BC - Earliest codified law:
Ephori - Ancient police system by Greeks
Code of hammurabi 2100 BC - Oldest harsh Code
EGYPT 1500 BC - Court system presided by judge appointed by
pharaoh
-Marine patrol &Custom house
-First use Dog patrol
Medjays – Civilian police under the command of military
ROME
- 12 Tabulae – Earliest Roman Law.
- Praetorian guard: First police officer established by Emperor
Augustus to protect him and the place,
-Urban Cohort: to protect the city with their executive and judicial
powers,
-VIGILES: to patrol Rome’s street day and night it is considered
first civilian police force tasked to protect citizens.
Hue and Cry – Complainant shouts for mandatory assembly of
men to catch the culprit.
Royal Judge – Investigate and punishes
Trial by Ordeal - painful test of guilt/innocence
Emperor Justinian – Became known as Curpos Juris Civilis ( Body
of Law)
TUN Policing – Tun (Town); Frankledge system – 10 male
residents as guardians of the town as tythings (10 families)
KIN Policing – the idea that families and clans were responsible
for the actions of their own members.
Frankledge system/mutual pledge system – all men and their
households were bound together by mutual responsibility to keep
the peace.
Tything - 10 men: Tythingmen – Leader
Hundred – 10 Tythings: Constable – Leader
Shire (region/district) – 10 Hundred: Reeve – Leader
Shire Reeve – the origin of the word Sheriff,
Magna Carta – Laws with the demand of the Knights of the Round
Table.
Shire-Rieve – Shire ( district/country) Rieve ( Ruler) later called
Sheriff - England was divided into 55 military districts under the
control of rieve.
Leges Henri – Law of king Henri 1- policemen were consider public
officials.
WENCHETER PERIOD
Statute of 1295: the start if curfew was adopted.( gate of London
close at sundown) curfew system adopted.
Justice of the piece – a position with power to arrest, pursue and
impose, punishment
Star Chamber Court – Special court to try offenses against the
state,
Keeper of the peace – Time of King Richard (appoint – knights to
keep the king’s piece)
The Charlie’s – Time of King Charles (appoint – night watchers
known as BELLMEN – on duty from sunset to sunrise)
Bow Street Runner – time of Henry Fielding appointment of foot
patrol, horse patrol (Mounted patrol)
Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 – Modernize the police system
of England creation of SCOTLAND YYRAD – Robert Peel – Father
of modern policing System,
France
16th Century – Paris has two patrol:1, Citizen Night Guard; and 2.
The Royal Guard for the kings protection. The Guard motto that
even today is on the French Police emblem
“ VIgilat ut Quiescant” – “He watche that may sleep”
They were also called GENDARMIE – Slang for police officers.
“Officers de Paix” was formed (origin of “Peace Officer”)
The first French Police Officers –
Sergent de Ville’- servant of the city
In Italy and Spain
Italian – Carabinieri
Spanish – Guardia Civil
In the United States
Boston, 1636 – formed the first “Night Watch” –they were called
“Leathermen”
Philadelphia, 1833 – instituted the
first daytime, paid police service
New York, 1844 – organized the first modern American police
force based on the English Metropolitan police.
In Philiphines
Pre-Spanish – policing is tribal in nature
1712 – Carabineros de Seguridad Publico – the mounted police
1836 – Guardrilleros – rural police
1852 – Guardia Civil – town police
 Gen. Howard Taft- 1st governor – general US Philippine
Commission
 Act No. 175- “ an Act Providing for the Organization and
Government of an Insular Constabulary” July 18, 1901
 Capt. Henry Allen- 1st chief of the Philippine Constabulary
 Act No 183- Created Manila Police District
 Capt. George Curry- 1st chief of police of the Manila Police
Department
 Brig. Gen. Rafael Crame- 1st Filipino chief of PC 1917
 Col. Antonio Torres - 1st Filipino chief of Police of the MPD
 Col. Lamberto Javalera - 1st chief of police of the MPD after
the Philippine Independence from US in 1946
 P/DIR GEN Cesar Nazareno- 1st chief of the PNP.
 1935 – PC Personnel were absorbed by the Philippine Army
 1936 – Commonwealth Act #88 created the State Police
 1938 – Commonwealth Act #343 – reconstituted the
Philippine Constabulary – PC became an independent
National Police Force
 1939 - The Manila Police Department introduced the bicycle
patrol.
 1990 – R.A. 6975 – Creation of the Philippine National Police
(PNP) that is civilian in character and national in scope
(Constitution)
 1998 – RA 8551 – PNP Reform & Reorganization Act dubbed
as the “PNP Professionalization”.
Backbone of Police service. - Patrol (primary/line function)
Backbone of police tactics - Communication
Oldest communication device - Horn
nerve of police organization - Record System
It is the heart of any police record system - Case Records
INFORMATION IS THE LIFE - BLOOD OF INTELLIGENCE
 A case is closed, for administrative purposes, when it is no
longer being investigated and is not assigned to an
investigator. A case closed can either be solved or unsolved.
 A case is cleared, when one or more persons are arrested,
charged with the commission of the offense and turned over
to the fiscal or court for prosecution.
backbone of sound and efficient administration - Files
It is the “nerve” of the police organization - Tactical Operations
Center (TOC) -
Reactive Patrol
the old system of police patrol activity which consist of continuously
driving around the area of patrol waiting for something to happen and
to react accordingly in case something does happen.
Note: Low Visibility Theory
Proactive patrol
It is the more economical alternative patrol system, which has an
objective approach against criminality as much as practicable. It addresses
crime at its very root before it is able to develop into a felonious act.
Note: >> High Visibility Theory
>> Theory of Omnipresence
Participative law enforcement
It is a system where the citizenry and the police work together to reduce
crime, prevent juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, maintain the
peace & reduce local problems which are the mutual responsibility of the
police & the people.
Note: -The Peel Principle
- Koban System, COPS, Community-Oriented
purpose of Police Uniform
As with any other occupation, the police uniform is intended to separate
policemen from everyone who are not in the same line of work to avoid
confusion and to assure others of his authority and his presence.
Note:
 Proactive measure (assurance of omnipresence)
 Police Visibility
Prevention - is the objective aimed towards ways and means to reduce the
desire of the human being to commit crime. (proactive)
Repression - is the act of preventing the actual commission of crimes.
Repression is leveled on the prevention of the very act itself which
constitutes crimes. (reactive)
Discretion - The wise choice of judgement of a police officer while on
patrol.
Non- Index Crimes - crimes under Special Penal Laws.
Index Crimes - (crimes under RPC) are crimes which are serious in nature
and which occur with sufficient such that they can serve as an index to the
crime situation. In the Philippines, we consider only the actual crimes of
murder, homicide, physical injury, robbery, theft and rape as index crimes.(
crimes against persons and property.)
Malfeasance - performance of some act which ought not to be done.
Misfeasance - improper performance of some act which might be
lawfully done.
Nonfeasance - omission of some act which ought to be performed.
Types of patrol calls
 ROUTINE CALL – mobile car is required to observe all traffic laws
and rules and does not normally use its
flashing lights and siren while on its way to the scene.
 URGENT CALL – also requires the responding police car to observe
all traffic rules and does not use its
Flashing lights or siren.
 EMERGENCY CALL – In most cases, this category requires the use
of the flashing light and fluctuating siren although there are
exceptions which include the attempt to surprise criminals in the
act.
Three Shifts Rotation:
1. Day Shift ( 1st shift/dog watch ) maximum police visibility thru foot and
mobile patrols within their area 7:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M.
2. Afternoon Shift ( 2nd shift/the swing) This shift covers the period of 3:00
P.M. to 11:00 P.M. and is usually the busiest. (Police officers assigned on the
afternoon shifts tend to come from those in the middle ranks of experience,
having more than five years of experience but young enough to meet the
physical demands of their diverse activities.)
3. Midnight/ Night Shift ( 3rd Shift/Graveyard) The so called “ graveyard
shift” at 11:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M. least desirable of all police shifts and it is for
this reason that the youngest and least experienced officers are assigned to
this shift.
Cuneiform – first form of writing
Dyad – most basic form of interpersonal comm
Telegraph – first electronic medium of comm (W. Cook)
10 Codes – 10-4 (positive); 10-20 (loc); 10-35 (red alert); 10-74 (negative)
2 types of police geographical units:
1. post - fixed location where an officer is assigned for guard duty.
2. Beat - the smallest area specifically assigned for patrol purposes.
Foot Patrol - The most expensive patrol
Types of Foot Patrol:
1. Fixed foot patrol - usually used for traffic, surveillance, parades and
special events.
2. Mobile foot patrol - there is considerable foot movement such as
patrolling business and shopping centers, high crime areas and in places
where there are many or multiple family dwellings.
3. Line beat patrol - used in securing a certain portion of road or street.
4. Random foot patrol - used in checking residential buildings, business
establishments, dark alleys and parking lots.
Automobile Patrol - most extensively used and the most effective means
of transportation for police on patrol.
 Has the greatest mobility and flexibility.
 Most cost effective method of patrol base on most experts.
Patrol Patterns:
1. Clockwise Pattern – usually done during the first hours of patrolling.
2. Zigzag or free- wheeling Pattern - start at one corner of the patrol area
and work your way diagonally across it to the opposite corner.
3. Criss-cross Pattern - more or less similar to zigzagging.
4. Straightway Pattern -the easiest to observe because as the same name
implies, the patrol officer just follow the length of the street.
5. Cloverleaf pattern - a highway intersection designed so as to route
traffic without interference, by means of a system of curving ramps from
one level to another, in the form of a 4- leaf clover. Hence, the cloverleaf
patrol pattern follows this pattern of movement in patrolling.
6. counter- clockwise - usually done before the tour of patrol duty ends.
Bicycle Patrol - Least Expensive type of patrol.
 Simple and inexpensive means of silent transportation to carry
police officers throughout their patrol district.
 Lower – cost to operate as compared to motorcycle and
automobiles
 Mobility and stealth
Motorcycle Patrol- have greater access than automobiles to some areas
and are better suited to heavy traffic, narrow alleys and rugged terrain.
 Favorite of patrol officers because of ease and speed moving
around.
 Offer less protection than a squad car .
Horse or mounted patrol - used in some cities for crowd and traffic
control.
 more acceptable than K-9 as crowd control instruments.
 Useful in patrolling jurisdiction that covers large park areas or
similar places where automobiles cannot go or maybe forbidden.
 Valuable in search and rescue efforts in rural and wilderness areas.
Aircraft Patrol- either helicopter or fixed wing.
 For performing both routine and specialized patrol activities.
 Able to travel at low speed and to land even in small patch of flat
land.
 Increase ability in conducting searches for lost person and escapee.
 More efficient for rescue, evacuation, surveillance and other high
profile of police activities.
Water Patrol - extremely specialized
 Used for anti-smuggling operations and robberies committed in
warehouse along riverbanks and water ports.
 Also valuable in rescue operations during flooding as well as in
dragging operations for drowning cases.
Canine ( K-9) – Egyptians were the first society to use dogs in patrolling.
 Useful in dangerous search operations, in dealing with street gangs,
in dispersing a crowd, in taking fleeing suspects into custody, on
guarding suspect, in searching alleys , parks, schools, and other
large buildings.
 10 million smell cell of dogs (German Shepherds)
Street knowledge- a thorough geographic knowledge of the patrol area
Gut feelings- hunches are important messages or warnings which are based
upon information or experiences recorded in your subconscious mind.
Police block- NCOB ( new cops on the block) center of command of its
activities and the police base from which the citizen may seek assistance
whether in person by radio or telephone.
House visitation- patrol officers will visit house and work place to offer
crime prevention advice and to organize the neighborhood watch group.
Street Questioning Method- patrol officers may interview within the
bounds of law suspicious personalities at ramdom in order to serve as a
deterrent to those intended to commit crime.
Team Policing- bring the people and the community together in a
cooperative situation.
Patrol hazards- a specific condition or place that requires a patrol officer`s
special attention.
District Orientation Tour( DOT)- to familiarize and orient a policeman about
the patterns and characteristics of his patrol area before he conducts actual
patrol.
Integrated Patrol System(IPS)- concerted effort of the whole PNP
organization with other government forces /agencies.
Anatomy of the Crime ( IMO)
Instrumentality –The means or implements use in the commission of the crime.
Motive –The moving power which impels one to action for a definite result.
 Opportunity -The act or omission by a person (victim) which enables another
(criminals) to operate the crime.
Organic Units In A Police Organization
1. Operational Units- perform primary or line functions which include
patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control.
2. Administrative Units- perform the administrative functions like
personnel, finance, planning and training.
3. Service Units- perform auxiliary functions such as communications,
records management and supplies.
Four Primal Conditions Of An Organization
( ADCD)
1.authority- supreme source of government for any particular organization.
The right to exercise, to decide and command by virtue of rank and position.
2. Doctrine- provides for the organization`s objectives. Provides the various
actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the
organization are based on the statement of doctrines.
3. Cooperation- emphasizes that an organization exists because it serves a
purpose.
4. Discipline- comprises behavioural regulations.
Personnel Recruitment and Selection
1. Recruitment- the process performed to attract candidates for vacant
positions.
2. Selection- process where decisions are made to choose among recruited
candidates those who gather ideal characteristics for the required position.
3. Appointment- the act of appointing or designating someone for an office
or position
4. Assignment- the office or position to which one has been appointed.
Four Major Approaches in Management
1.Classical Approach
- A. Scientific Management - (F. Taylor)
- focus on workers productivity and work productivity.
- B. Bureaucratic Management - (M.Weber)
-focus on division of labor and hierarchy of authority. Lessening the
cruelty, nepotism, and subjective managerial practices common in the early
stages of the industrial revolution.
- C. Administrative Mgmt - (H. Fayol)
- emphasizes broad administrative principles applicable to higher
levels within the organization.
2. Human Relations Approach - focuses on the predicted patterns of
behavior, thus the occurrence of the human relations movement,
emphasizing the informal aspects of the organization.
3. Behavioral Science Approach- the approach deals with human behavior
and studies its subject matter in a scientific manner.
(A. Maslow) – Hierarchy of Needs theory
(McGregor) – Theory X & Y ----------- X - (lazy) Y – (hard worker)
4. Contemporary Approach - movement towards quality management.
a. System theory- all parts of the system are interrelated and
interdependent to form the whole.
b. Contingency theory- recognizes that many internal and external
environmental variables affect organizational behavior.
c. Theory Z and Quality Management- focused on the Japanese
management practices. A costumer oriented approach.
Organizational Chart - it visually depicts how personnel are organized
within an agency.
Organizational Structure - It is the systematic arrangement of the
relationship of the members, positions, departments and functions or work
of the organization.
Organization- a group of persons working together for a common
goal/objectives.
Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the field of public
safety administration engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives
that promotes the maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and
property, enforcement of the laws and prevention of crimes.
Law Enforcement Agency - organization responsible for enforcing the
laws.
Enforcement -compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.
Objectives– refer to purpose by which an organization was created, goals
of the organization.
Administration- an organizational process concerned with the
implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency.
Police- branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific
responsibility of maintaining law and order and combating crime within the
society.
Police/Law Enforcement Administration - focuses on the policing process
or how law enforcement agencies are organized and managed in order to
achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently and
productively.
Supervision- act of watching over the work or tasks of the members of the
organization to ensure that the desired results are achieved.
Management- process of directing and facilitating the work of people
organized in formal groups in order to achieve objectives.
-Judicious or wise use of resources
( 3M`S)money, manpower, materials,
Authority- right to command and control the behaviour of employees in
lower positions.
Hierarchy- represents the formal relationship among superior and
subordinates in any given organization.
-Serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and
obedience upward thru the department.
-a group of people organized/classified by rank and authority in law
enforcement, typically pyramid shaped with a single authority at the top
expanding down and out through the ranks to the broad based of workers.
Division of work - work specialization can increase efficiency with the
same amount of effort.
Length of Service - the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of
office was administered.
a. Generalists- officers who perform most functions relative to law
enforcement.
b. Specialists- who work in a specific area.
POSDCORB
1.Planning- determination in advance of how the objectives of the
organization will be attained.
2.Organizing- involve the determination and allocation of the men and
women as well as the resource of an organization to achieve
predetermined goals or objectives of the organization.
3.Staffing- task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the
right men for the right job.
4.Directing- ( authority level principle)- overseeing & supervising of the
human resources & various activities in an organization to achieve thru
cooperative efforts.
5.Controlling- checking or evaluation and measurement of work
performance and comparing it with planned goals or objectives. Making the
necessary corrective actions.
6.Reporting- making of detailed account of activities, work progress,
investigations to keep everyone informed.
7.Budgeting- forecasting in detail of the results of an officially recognized
program of operations
Unity of Command- subordinate should receive orders from one superior
only.
Span of Control- maximum number of subordinates can superior manage
effectively.
Command Responsibility- dictates that immediate commanders shall be
responsible for the effective supervision and control of their personnel and
unit.
Scalar Chain- hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to
the lowest levels of the organization.
Chain of Command- it is the order of authority; it begins at the top of the
pyramid with the chief and flows downward to the next level or echelon.
Terminologies:
Sworn Officers – all personnel of the police department who have oath and
who posses the power to arrest.
Superior Officer - one having supervisory responsibilities, either temporarily
or permanently, over officers of lower rank.
Commanding Officer - an officer who is in command of the department, a
bureau, a division, an area, or a district.
Ranking Officer - the officer who has the more senior rank/higher rank in a
team or group.
Suspension - a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer
from the privilege of performing his duties as result of violating directives or
other department regulations.
Department Rules - rules established by department directors/supervisors
to control the conduct of the members of the police force.
Duty Manual - describes the procedures and defines the duties of officers
assigned to specified post or position.
Order - an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate, either
a. General Order, b. Special, or c. Personal
Report - usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be
verbal reports; verbal reports should be confirmed by written
communication.
Planning- the process for preparing for change and coping with uncertainty
for formulating future causes of action.
- process of deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, and who is to
do it.
Plan- documented method by which a things should be done
- a listing of course of action by an individual or groups following a
predetermined course of action.
Strategy- refers to a broad design or method or plan to attain a stated goal
or objective.
Police Planning- attempt by administration to allocate anticipated resources
to meet anticipated service demands.
Police Operational Planning- process of coordinated sequence of
methodical activities and the allocation of resources to line units of police
organization in order that it can attain its mandated objective or mission.
Tactics- specific design, method or a course of action to attain a particular
objective in consonance with strategy.
Procedures- sequences of activities to reach a point or to attain what is
desired.
Policy- course of action which could be a program of actions adopted by an
individual, group, organization or government or the set of principles on
which they are based.
Case Operational Plan( COPLAN)- a preparatory plan on how to carry out a
case operation which is the last resort to pursue intelligence objectives
when normal police operations fail.
Command Post/ Holding area- where case conferences, briefings and
debriefing are being conducted by the responding agencies.
Dragnet Operation- police operation purposely to seal off the probable exit
points of fleeing suspect from the crime scene to prevent their escape.
Planning Approaches:
1.Synoptic Planning- based on problem- oriented approach planning.
2.Incremental Planning- problems are seen as too difficult when they are
grouped together and easier to solve when they are taken one at a time and
broken down into gradual adjustment over time .
3.Transactive Planning- interaction with the people who are to be affected
by the plan .
4. Advocacy planning- includes greater sensitivity to the unintended and
negative side effects of the plan.
5. Radical Planning- involves collective actions to achieve concrete results in
the immediate future.
Classification of Planning/ Level or Hierarchy of Planning
1. Strategic or Long Range of Planning- it determines the original goals and
strategy.
- determining how to pursue the organizations long term goal with
the resources expected to be available.
(20-30 years done by the Chief PNP)
2. Intermediate or medium range planning- medium – range durations. –
determines quantity and quality of efforts and accomplishment.
3. Operational or short- range planning - the production of plan which
determines the schedule of special activity and are applicable from one
week to less than a year duration.
( done by head of office, municipal mayor-5 years)
Types of Plans:
1. Policy or Procedural Plans – standard operating procedures that guide
members in the field and routine operations and in some special operations.
a. Field procedures - to be used in all situation of all kinds shall be outlined
as a guide of officers in the field.
b. Headquarters Procedures - duties of the dispatcher, jailer, matron, and
other personnel, concerned which may be reflected in the duty manual.
2. Tactical Plans - procedure for coping specific situations at known
locations.
3. Operational Plans - pertains to plans of divisions; they are prepared to
accomplish each of the primary functions such as:
a. patrol division
b. investigation division
c. Traffic Control Division
d. Vice Control Division
e. Juvenile Control Division
4. extra- departmental plans - assist in coordinating community effort in
promoting public support and in combating organized crimes.
5. Management Plans - includes budget planning; accounting procedures;
specifications; personnel; organization
a. Budget planning - future money needs for personnel, equipment and
capital investments.
b. Accounting procedures - to assist in making administrative decisions.
Styles of Leadership
1. Autocratic Leadership - superior assumes full responsibility for all action
and seeks obedience from the group in the following out of orders .The
decision making to be one man operation.
2. Democratic Leadership - supervisor draws idea and suggestions from his
group by means of discussion and consultation.
3. Free- Rein Leadership - supervisor is more or less an information booth.
A leader who take a “hands –off” passive approach in dealing subordinates.
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
The appropriate eligibilities for police Officer 1 are the following
(NAPOLCOM MC No. 2008-003)
 RA 6040 - NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination
 RA 6506 (Licensed Criminologist)
 RA 1080 (Bar and Board Examinations)
 PD 907 (Granting Eligibility for College Honor Graduates )
 Civil Service Examination
 R.A. 11200 This new rank classification is based on the new
approved law which is, amending Section 28 of the R.A. 6975- Rank
Classification.
-Approved on February 8, 2019
 RA 8551 otherwise known as the “Philippine National Police
Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998” … enacted on February 25,
1998
-Creates the “Women's Desk”
-Creates the “Internal Affairs Service (IAS)”
-This law amended certain provisions of RA 6975
PO1 TO SPO4
 appointed by the Regional Director for regional personnel or by the
Chief, PNP for the national headquarters
INSP TO SUPT
 appointed by the Chief , PNP
SR SUPT TO DEPUTY DIR GEN
 appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Chief,
PNP, subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments
DIRECTOR GENERAL
 appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to
the rank of Chief Supt, subject to the confirmation of the
Commission on Appointments
 Note: Attestation of appointment from PO1 up to Superintendent
shall be done by the Civil Service Commission.
 While … Senior Superintendent and above ranks, there is no need
of attestation as they are Presidential appointees.

KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP
CHIEF PNP
 highest position in the PNP, with the rank of DIRECTOR GENERAL
 no one will be appointed as CPNP if he is retirable w/in 6 months
from the possible appointment
 6 months to 1year – period of extension of CPNP in case of
emergency as approved by the president/ congress
 1st in Command
DEPUTY CHIEF FOR ADMINISTRATION
 the second-in-command, with the rank of DEPUTY DIRECTOR
GENERAL
DEPUTY CHIEF FOR OPERATIONS
 the third-in-command, with the rank of DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL
CHIEF of THE DIRECTORIAL STAFF
 the FOURTH-in-command, with the rank of DEPUTY DIRECTOR
GENERAL
Prioritization of Women for Recruitment. – the PNP shall reserve ten
percent (10%) of its annual recruitment, training, and education quota for
women
The Field Training Program. – All uniformed members of the PNP shall
undergo a Field Training Program for twelve (12) months involving actual
experience and assignment in patrol, traffic, and investigation as a
requirement for permanency of their appointment.
LATERAL ENTRY OF OFFICERS
  admission to the PNP with the initial rank of Inspector or Senior PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES
Inspector of qualified applicants belonging to certain professions  For every region, there are provincial offices, each headed by a
INSPECTOR RANK Provincial Director
 dentists, optometrists, nurses, engineers, graduates of forensic  In large provinces, police districts may be established to be headed
sciences, graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy and by a District Director
licensed criminologists  at the city or municipal levels or stations, each is headed by a Chief
SENIOR INSPECTOR RANK of Police
 chaplains, members of the bar and doctors of medicine NCR DIRECTOR
ORGANIZATION  with the rank of DIRECTOR
and REGIONAL DIRECTOR
COMPOSITION OF THE PNP  with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
 shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) deputy PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR
chiefs:  with the rank of SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT
• Deputy Chief for Administration NCR DISTRICT DIRECTOR
• Deputy Chief for Operations  with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
 The Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by CHIEF OF POLICE
the President.  with the rank of CHIEF INSPECTOR
1st line Director General MANNING LEVELS (POLICE- TO- POPULATION RATIO)
2nd line Deputy Director General – ADMINISTRATION 1:500 - average police to population ratio (Standard Manning Level)
3rd line Deputy Director General – OPERATION 1:1000 - minimum police to population ratio(Selected provinces/Populated)
4rth Line Deputy Director General – Directorial Staff Employ : Refers to utilization of units or elements of the PNP.
 No officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be appointed Deploy : Physical Movement of elements or units of the PHP.
Chief.
 The PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional offices, RETIREMENT IN THE PNP
provincial offices, and district offices, and city or municipal stations.  Compulsory Retirement – 56yo
 The term of office of the Chief, PNP shall be four (4) years.  Optional Retirement – 20yo & subject to approval of NAPOLCOM
CAMP RAFAEL CRAME  Early Retirement – 10years & subject to approval of NAPOLCOM
 The national headquarters of the Philippine National Police, located
in Quezon City
 houses the offices of the following: Types of Inspection:
• Chief, PNP Authoritative Inspection – those conducted by the head of subordinate
• two (2) deputy chiefs units in a regular basis.
• Chief, Directorial Staff Staff Inspection – those conducted by the staff in behalf of the Chief PNP or
• Directorial staff units superior officers in command.
• Administrative units
POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES Police Disciplinary Authority is composed of three processes:
 The PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional offices (PRO), 1. Internal Disciplinary Machinery……PNP Officials
each headed by a Regional Director w/ the rank of Chief 2. Concurrent Disciplinary Machinery…. Local Executives
Superintendent … EXCEPT in NCRPO where the NCR Director has the 3. External Disciplinary Machinery……..PLEB
rank of Police Director.
 Internal Disciplinary Machinery:
(1) Chiefs of police - not exceed (15) days;
(2) Provincial directors -not exceed (30) days;
(3) Police regional directors- not (60) days;
(4) The Chief of the PNP- not exceeding (180) days
Concurrent Disciplinary Machinery:
Mayors of cities and municipalities- for a period of not less than
sixteen (16) days but not exceeding thirty (30) days
External Disciplinary Machinery:
People's Law Enforcement Board- for a period exceeding thirty (30)
days but not more than 90 days.
DISCIPLINARY APPELLATE BOARDS
 Formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery of the
national police commission.
 Tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different disciplinary
authorities in the PNP.
Composed of the following:
NATIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
 Shall decide cases on the appeal from decisions rendered by the
PNP chief and the national internal affairs service
 Shall be composed of the four regular commissioners and shall be
chaired by the executive officer
REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
 Shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the
regional director , provincial director , chief of police , the city or
municipal mayor and the PLEB
 There shall be at least one regional appellate board per
administrative region
PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)
 a body created pursuant to RA 6975
 one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized to handle
and investigate citizen’s complaint
 the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint against the
PNP members
 shall be created by the sanggunian panlungsod/bayan in every city
and municipality as may be necessary
 there shall be at least one(1)PLEB for every five hundred (500) city
or municipal police personnel
 membership in the PLEB in a civic duty
COMPOSITION OF PLEB
 PLEB shall be composed of five (5) members who shall be as follows:
• Any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan and
• any barangay chairman of the locality concerned three
other members to be chosen by the local peace and order
council from among the members of the community
• for the three members, the following conditions must be
met:
I. One must be a woman
II. One must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the principal of an
elementary school in the locality
 The CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its
member.
 The term of office of the members of the PLEB is three (3) years
National Police Commission
COMPOSITION:
 Ex-officio Chairman
 Four (4) regular Commissioners
 Chief of PNP as ex officio member
 Shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment
or extension
 Three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian
sector and not former members of the police or military
 The fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law
enforcement sector either active or retired
 At least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman
 From among the three regular commissioners from the civilian
sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be chosen
 The Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the
Commission

The NAPOLCOM, PNP CHIEF and PNP REGIONAL DIRECTOR, after due
notice and summary hearing, may immediately remove or dismiss
any respondent PNP members in any of the following cases:
 When the charge is serious and evidence of guilty is strong.
 When the respondent is recidivist or has been repeatedly
charged and there are reasonable grounds to believe the he or
she is guilty of the charges
 When the respondent is guilty of conduct unbecoming of a
police officer.
ORGANIZATION OF IAS
 headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN and
appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the
Director General (Chief, PNP).
 THE Inspector General shall be assisted by a Deputy Inspector
General.
 There shall be national, regional and provincial offices
 The national office shall be headed by the Inspector General,
the regional offices by Director, and the provincial offices by a
Superintendent.
ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS
 Entry shall be voluntary
 PNP personnel with at least five (5) years experience in law
enforcement
 with no derogatory service record
 Member of the bar may enter the service laterally
 IAS personnel shall be granted occupational specialty pay
which shall not exceed FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of his base pay.
 IAS personnel shall also have priorities in the quota allocation
for training and education.
 One Year Bar Rule- prohibits the promotion of a PNP
personnel if they have less than 1 year remaining before the
compulsory age retirements.
 Medalyang Papuri- the lowest medal given to PNP member.
 Medal of Valor - the highest medal given to PNP member.
1. The Case Records-. It is the heart of any police record
system.
a. Complaint or Assignment Sheet- the foundation record of
the police department
b. Investigative Report- this type of report is prepared as a
written report on the findings of the investigator.
Types of Investigative Report;
a. Case Report- shall be accomplished by the investigator or member making the
preliminary investigation
b. Supplemental/Progress Final Report-shall be accomplished by the
investigator continuing the investigation if the case is left in pending status.
c. Continuation Report- shall be used as the second and succeeding page of all
kinds of report.
d. Technical Report- accomplished by the investigator to cover other angles of the
case or the technical staff whose assistance has been requested to conduct laboratory
examination of evidence specimen gathered, to supplement the findings and report of the
investigating officer.
e. Accident Report- shall serve as the investigation report of the officer who
investigates the accident.
f. Wanted Person Report- information on persons who are wanted by the police
shall be flashed by means of “Notice” Wanted Person, accomplished in six copies: one copy
to be sent to the PNP Provincial Director, one copy to the PNP Regional Director, one copy
to be sent to the PNP Director General, Camp Crame, Quezon City, one copy to be sent to
the NBI Central Office.
- The original copy to be placed in the “Persons Wanted File” of the Police Station
concerned and the sixth copy to be displayed in the Rogues Gallery”.
g. Daily Record of Events- is needed to keep all members of the force informed
concerning police operations, assignments, and administrative instructions.
2. Arrest and Jail Booking Records. - These are reports required
for all persons arrested.
a. Arrest Report- shall be made out in full on each person arrested and
should be prepared at the time a prisoner is booked.
b. Booking Report- includes the current list of prisoners in custody which
will indicate the status and disposition as to the inmate or inmates in jail and
facilities accounting for prisoners at the end of each shift and their control at all
times and which restrictions on privileges are noted.
 Booking Officer- responsible for the custody of the prisoner`s property until
the same time of release or transfer.
3. Identification Records - the fingerprint system of identification is
the most reliable.
a. Criminal Fingerprint- All persons arrested for an offense shall be
fingerprinted and an identification number shall be assigned prior to each prisoner to
identify records relating to him.
b. Civilian Fingerprint- All persons requesting clearance certificate for
purposes of petition for naturalization, change of name, or other personal
identification purposes shall be fingerprinted, using the prescribed form.
c. Alien Fingerprint- All aliens clearance certificate for purposes of petition
for naturalization, change of name, oath taking and for other personal identification
purposes.
d. Criminal Specialty or Modus Operandi File - This file consists of
photographic records and modus operandi of known criminals.
It shall described the method of operation of a criminals, classified and filed in
such a way to aid in identifying the crime as one committed by a known criminal.
This is a sort of Rogues Gallery and is helpful in controlling and
apprehending criminals. This shall be filed accordingly to certain M.O.
characteristics, according to the classes of crimes, and according to the
identification number.
4. Administrative Records - These are records required in the
management of department`s personnel.
 Personal Records- file showing the history of each police officer, both prior
and subsequent to joining the force.
 Correspondence Files- consist of sets or records of communications
classified arranged and filed alphabetically by the subject to which they pertain.
 Memoranda, Orders, Policy Files- filed according as they are made.
 Assignment Record- the detective assignment record is desirable for the
effective function of the detective division.
5. Miscellaneous Records - These are records which do not relate to
recorded complaints and do not fall under the categories of records
that a police station maintains and which on occasions create filing
problems with a department.
Indexing
a. Master Name Index File
- Police station shall maintain a master name index file for operation
- Shall be 3x5 inches card stock
- Shall be arranged in general alphabetical order by the last name
- Shall be arranged on all names appearing in the case report such as aliases,
names of complaints, victims, suspects, wanted persons.
b. Stolen Property Index File
- One principal objective of the investigation conducted by the line-operating units
is the identification and recovery of lost or stolen property.
- An investigative aid of inestimable value in achieving this objective.
- Shall be indexed in a 3x5 inches index card stock, describing the articles that are
reported lost or stolen locally or by circulars from other police station.
a. Numbered Property Index
 Police Stations with less than 200 police force may number guide cards from 00
through 99. Numbered property shall be index by the last two digits of the serial
number.
 Stations with more than 200 members shall number the guide cards from 000
through 999. Numbered property shall be indexed according to the type article.
The Index card are fixed behind the guide cards corresponding to the last three
digits of the number.
b. Unnumbered Property Index
 Property not identifiable by a manufacturers a serial number is indexed in the
unnumbered property index, by description of the article such as clothing,
furniture, footwear, jewelry and others should be indicative of the general
character of the articles indexed.
Charging Out Files
 Access to records cabinets shall be restricted to records division members only.
When any record is removed from the file, an appropriate borrower`s slip is used
and a charge-out card is accomplished.
 This insures the proper use of files; prevent the misplacement of records that
have been used and keep the files personnel informed at all times of the
whereabouts of the records instead out at a given time.
a. Borrower`s Slip- used when asking for files and used as a receipt for a
case or any number of item from a file.
- 4x6 inches sheet. It is presented to the record official. On the return of the
record, the borrowers slip is cancelled in the presence of the borrower and
the same is attached to the record and remains in the file as a permanent
record of transaction.
b. Charged-Out Card- it is often called a “Substitution card” or an “ Out-
Card” which takes a place of a file that has been removed from the cabinet.
c. Follow-up Procedure- it is essential that each Station Commander have
an administrative device which will ensure that all cases brought to the attention
of the force shall receive appropriate attention.
Spot Map - The spot maps are useful to indicate the traffic accidents and
crime location. The location of crime hazards aids in the direction of
enforcement efforts.
a. Traffic Spot Map- Accident spot map for the posting of
motor vehicle and pedestrian accidents which occur in the
area.
b. Crime Spot Map- A general crime spot on which are posted
the location of murders, rapes, robberies, hold-up, carnapping
and other major crimes of the locality.
General Activities
Strategic Intelligence – it is an intelligence activity which is primarily long
range in nature with little practical immediate operation value.
Line Intelligence – it is an intelligence activity that has the immediate
nature and value necessary for more effective police planning and
operation.
National Intelligence - it is the integrated product of intelligence
developed by all the governmental branches, departments concerning the
broad aspect of national security and policy. It is concerned to more than
one department or agency and it is not produced by single entity. It is used
to coordinate all the activities of the government in developing and
executing integrated and national policies and plans.
Counter Intelligence is also known as Negative Intelligence - a generic
term
Security Intelligence - It is an effort to deny information to
unauthorized persons by restricting to those who are explicitly
authorized to possess it.
THREE KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE
Strategic Intelligence – as defined earlier, it is an intelligence data that
are not of an immediate value. It is usually descriptive in nature,
accumulation of physical description of personalities, modus operandi. It
does not have immediate operational value but rather long range that may
become relevant to future police operations.
Line Intelligence – It is the kind of intelligence required by the commander
to provide for planning and conduct tactical and administrative operation in
counter insurgency. This pertains to knowledge of People, Weather, Enemy
and Terrain (PWET) used in planning and conducting tactical and
administrative operation in a counter insurgency.
Counter Intelligence (CI) - this kind of intelligence covers the activity
devoted in destroying the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities and to
the protection of info against espionage, subversion and sabotage. Hence,
the three activities of CI are: protection of information against espionage;
protection of personnel against subversion; and protection of installations
and material against sabotage.
• Counter Human Intel (HUMINT) – seeks to overcome enemy
attempts to use human sources to collect information or to
conduct sabotage and subversion which includes CI special
operations, liaison, counter security, and CI screening.
• Counter Imagery Intel (IMINT) - includes action taken to
determine enemy SIGINT and related enemy weaknesses,
capabilities and activities. These actions include surveillance
radar, photo thermal and infrared systems. Successful counter
– IMINT operations rely heavily on pattern and movement
analysis and evaluation of the enemy.
• Counter Signal Intel (SIGINT) – determine enemy SIGINT and
related enemy weaknesses, capabilities and activities, assess
friendly operations to identify patterns, profiles and develop,
recommend and analyze counter measures.
Steps in Processing Raw Information
1. Collection – organization of raw data and information into usable form;
grouping similar items of information so that they will be readily accessible.
2. Recording – is the reduction of info into writing or some other form of
graphical representation and the arranging or this info into writing or some
form of graphical representation and the arranging of this into groups of
related items. Police log book and Journal, Intel-work Sheet - Intel Files,
Situation Maps - Rouges Gallery, Modus Operandi Files
3. Evaluation - examination of raw information to determine
intelligence value, pertinence of the information, reliability of the
source and agency, and its credibility or truth of information.
4. Evaluation - is the determination of the pertinence of the info to • Criminal Informant – an informant who give information to the police pertaining
to the underworld about organized criminals with the understanding that his
the operation, reliability of the source of or agency and the accuracy identity will be protected.
of the info. • Confidential Informant – is similar to the former but he gives information violate
5. Interpretation – it is the process of establishing the meaning and of the law to includes crimes and criminals.
significance of information. • Criminal Informant – an informant who give information to the police pertaining
A. Analysis - refers to the determination of significance of information relative to the underworld about organized criminals with the understanding that his
to identity will be protected.
B. Integration - the combination of the elements stated in the assessment with • Confidential Informant – is similar to the former but he gives information violate
other known information or intelligence to form a logical feature or hypothesis of the law to includes crimes and criminals.
for enemy activities or the information of the operational area and characteristics
of the omission of the command. Sub-type of Informant
C. Deduction - refers to the formulation of conclusions from the theory
developed, tested and considered valid; determination of effort and meaning of • Incidental Informant – a person who casually imparts information to an officer
the information. with no intention of providing subsequent information.
the information and intelligence already known and drawing deductions about Recruited Informant – A person who is selected cultivated and developed into a
probable meaning of the evaluated information. continuous source of info
Two General classifications
of sources of information: REAIBILITY ACCURACY
Open Sources – 99% of the information collected are coming from open sources.
Close Sources – 1% of information are collected from close sources.
CUFNOR CCPDIT
Overt Intelligence – is the gathering of information or documents procured openly without A – Completely reliable 1 – Confirmed by other
regard as to whether the subject or target become knowledgeable of the purpose. B – Usually reliable 2 – Probably true
Open Sources: Includes information C – Fairly reliable 3 – Possibly true
Taken from
• Enemy activity D - Not usually reliable 4 – Doubtfully true
• POW and Civilians E – Unreliable 5 - Improbably
• Captured documents D – Reliability cannot be judge 6 – Truth cannot be judge
• Map - Weather, forecast, studies, report - Agencies
Covert Intelligence – is the secret procurement of information, which is obtained without
the knowledge of the person or persons safeguarding vital intelligence interest.
As to the source of Info
Close Sources: Include information which maybe taken through:
• Surveillance T - Direct observation by Commander/Chief of Unit.
• Casing and Elicitation U – Report by DPA or Resident Agent.
• Surreptitious entry V – Report by PNP/AFP Troops.
• Employment of technical means (Bugging and Tapping device)
• Tactical Interrogation W – Interrogation of Captured Enemy.
• Observation and Description (ODEX) X – Observation of Gov’t/Civilian Employee.
Y – Observation from Populace.
Z – Documentary.

Types of Informants
SECRET NOTICE Comparative
Red Notice - To seek the arrest of provisional arrest of wanted person
with a view to extradition
Yellow Notice – To help Locate missing persons, often minors.
Blue Notice – To collect additional information about a person’s
identity or activities in relation to a crime.
Black Notice – To seek information of unidentified bodies.
Green notice - To provide warnings and intelligence about who have
been committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in
other countries.
Purple notice – To provide information on modus operandi
procdures, and hiding places used by criminals.
Orange notice – To warn of an event, a person, an object or a process
representing a serious and imminent threat to public safety.
Top Secret - Green ( Authority –Head of the state)
Unauthorized disclosure of which can cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation,
politically, economically or from a security aspect
Secret - Red( Authority –Head of the state)
Unauthorized disclosure of which will not endanger national security, but can cause serious
injury to the interest or prestige of the nation or of any governmental activity or would be
of a great advantage to foreign nation.
Confidential- Blue ( Authority –Officer assign)
Unauthorized disclosure of which will not endanger national security, but would be
prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the nation or of any governmental activity, or
would cause administrative embarrassment or unwarranted injury to an individual or would
be advantage to a foreign nation.
Restricted – White ( Authority –Officer assign)
This are information and material ( matter), which requires special protection other than that
determined to the TOP SECRET, SECRET, or CONFIDENTIAL.
Infiltration – the insertion of action agent inside the target organization.
Penetration – recruitment of action agent inside the target organization.
Tailing or shadowing (1-2-3-man)– is the surveillance of persons
Casing or reconnaissance – is the surveillance of Place
Roping – is the surveillance of other things, events, & activities.
Surveillant – a person who conducts surveillance with includes only
observations.
Stake out or plant- is the observation of place or areas from a fixed point.
Drop – any person is a convenient, secure and unsuspecting place where
police undercover men meet his action agent for debriefing or reporting
purposes.
Convoy - an accomplice or associate of the subject used to avoid or elude
surveillant.
Decoy – a cover supporting the surveillant who can become a convoy
whenever surviellant is burned.
Contact - any persons whom the subject picks or deals with while he is
under observation and identifies the observer.
Made – when subject under surveillance becomes aware that he is under
observation and identifies the observer
Lost – when the surviellant does not know the whereabouts of his subject or
the subject had eluded the surviellance
Discreet – subject person to be watch is unaware that he is under
observation
Close – subject is aware that he is under observation varied on each
occasions.
Loose – Applied frequently or infrequently, period of observation varied on
each occasions
Stationary - this is observation of place usually a bookie stall, a gambling,
joint a residence where illegal activities are going on (Fixed Position).
Moving - surveillance follow the subject from the place to place to maintain
continues watch of his activities.
Technical – this is surveillance by the use of communications and electronic
hardware gadgets, systems and equipment.
ODEX
Observation: a complete and accurate observation by an individual of his
surroundings.
Description: the actual and factual reporting of one’s observation of he
reported sensory experience recounted by another.
Elicitation – it is a system or plan whereby information of Intelligence value
obtained through the process direct intercommunication, in which most of
parties are not aware of the specific purpose of conversation.
-Probe: to keep the people taking incessantly
-Approach: a process of setting people to start talking.
Portrait Parle – a means of using descriptive terms in relation to the  For company guard force- a minimum of 30 and maximum of
personal features of an individual, ir can briefly described as a word 1000 guards.
description or a spoken picture..  At least 30 pieces of FA for initial 100 guards (after six
Cipher - a System that manipulate one, or three characters at a time. Ex, months) Temporary license
Cipher - b to plain text 1  At least 70 pieces of FA for applying Regular license
Code – a system which uses words as the smallest element like Ex. Code
Anger to Plain text we are ready.
Trade secrets- this consist of any formula, pattern device or compilation of Organization and Management
information which is used in ones business.
 100% own by a Filipino Citizen
Patents – this is an a grant made by the government to an inventor,
 Basic requirement of an operator or agency manager
evolving or securing to him the exclusive right to make, use , or sell his
 not less than 25 years old
invention for term of years.
 should not posses any disqualifications
Classified – refers to assign information by one the four classification
categories. Organizational Structure of PSA.
Compromise – means lose of security, which result from an authorized  Initial requirement of 100 guards in the first year of
persons obtaining knowledge of classified matter. operation until the next year they should meet the 200
Compartmentation – is the grant of access to classified matter only to minimum number of guards. ( 6 months extension).
properly cleared persons in the performance in the performance of their  Main/ Branch offices should have an initial employment of
official duties. 10 guards during the 1st year of operation until the 30
Declassify – is the removal of security classification from classified matter. minimum number of guards will be meet in the 3rd year of
Reclassify/Re grading - is the act of changing the assigned classification their operation
of matter.
Upgrading - is the act of assigning to a matter of higher classification to a First line of Defense - perimeter fences/ barriers.
classified document. Second line of defense- doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs and
grills and other entries to the building
Police Activity Percentage Third line of defense- storage system like steel cabinets, safes,
1. Patrol Functions 50% vaults and interior files.
2. Criminal investigation 15% What is Security Guard Forces
3. Traffic functions 10%  It is a group of force selected men, trained or grouped into
4. Vice & Juvenile Related Functions 10% functional unit for the purpose of protecting operational
5. Administrative Functions 10% processes from those disruption which would impeded
6. Auxiliary Functions 5% efficiency or halt operation at a particular plant, facility,
installation or special activity
SECURITY
Types of Security Guard Forces
 Sec. 7- required numbers of security guards  Private Security Agency - any person, association,
 For private security agency- a minimum of 200 and maximum partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts,
of 1000 guards.
 recruits, trains, furnishes or post any security guard, to do its
functions or solicit individual s, business firms, or private,
public or government-owned or controlled corporations to
engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for
hire commission or compensation.
 Company Security Force - A security force maintained and
operated any private company/ corporation for its own
security requirements only.
 Government Security Unit - a security unit maintained and
operated by any government entity other than military
and/a police, which is established and maintained for the
purpose of securing the office or compound and/or
extension such government entity.

Service Shirt for Security Officer

(1) Service uniform. –

(a) Private Security Guard - Fast navy blue, short sleeves, shoulder
straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps and navy blue front
buttons, tucked in (Fig. 3)
(b) Company Security Force. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as
prescribed for private security agency except that the color is light
gray and the fabric for shirt.
(c) Government Security Unit. - It shall be sewn in the same manner
as prescribed for private security agency except that the color is white
and the shirt shall be fabric “white.”