GENERAL KNOW-HOWS FOR SITE ENGINEERS

Q1. What are the Approvals / NOCs generally required before commencement
of Project work?

A1. Following Approvals / NOCs generally required before commencement of work :-

1. NOC by Collector / District Magistrate (DM)

2. Approval of CCOE
3. Building permit from Panchayat / Municipality / Corporation
4. Machinery licence from Panchayat / Municipality / Corporation
5. NOC by Factory Inspector
6. NOC by Pollution Control Board
7. NOC by Highway Authorities
8. NOC from development authorities, if any
9. NOC by port Authorities
10. Approval / NOC by Chief Electrical Inspector

Q2. What are the Infrastructure required at project site?

A2. Infrastructure required at site are:-

1. Drinking water
2. Temporary establishments for contractors and necessary infrastructure at site
for their construction labour.
3. Security services
4. Temporary power supply till permanent power supply is obtained
5. First Aid box
6. Telephones
7. Safety helmets, safety belts and other HSE requirements
8. Material storage yard by fencing at site
9. Canteen facilities

Q3. What are the Statutory Regulation to be followed at site?

A3. Statutory Regulation to be followed at site are:-

1. Ensure site is operated observing all applicable Industrial Laws and

Regulations such as Contract Labour (Regulations & abolition) Act
2. ESI Act, 1948
3. EPF and Miscellaneous provisions Act, 1952
4. Minimum wages Act, 1948

Q4. What are the documents to be maintained at site?

A4. Following documents may be maintained at site:-

1. Complete set of contract documents

2. Complete set of drawings
3. Variation orders given
 4. Cement and steel register
5. Materials register
6. Paint register
7. Log book of machinery used
8. Testing of materials register
9. Any other Registers advised based on QA guidelines.

Q5. What are the measures to be taken during receipt of materials?

A5. Measures to be taken during receipt of materials are:-

1. Compare with PO and tally the quantity for correctness.

2. Examine materials in the lorry prior to unloading and ensure unloading at
designated place
3. Stack materials received in proper shelter or cover with tarpaulin for protection
4. Send receipt confirmation (full /partial) to Mats. Dept
5. Steel plates to be stacked size wise in open yard with proper support avoiding
ground contact
6. Check valves are received with hand wheels / handles and end cover / caps
are provided to prevent dust entry
7. Check pump suction / discharge outlets are capped to prevent entry of dirt
8. Maintain and update Materials Registers giving complete receipt particulars

Q6. What are the checks to be made before commencement of Site grading
works?

A6. Following checks to be made before site grading:-

1. Find the initial levels w.r.t. correct bench marks

2. Plot levels on paper and to be signed by Contractor and Engineer In-Charge
before commencement of work. Similarly plot final levels.
3. Type of compaction and roller mentioned to be used
4. Earth filling should be carried out in layers as specified
5. In case compaction under optimum moisture conditions are specified, sample
should be collected and core cutter test carried out.
6. Check contractor brings earth from quarries approved by authorities and
royalty payments are made

Q7. What are the checks to be made in case of Earthwork excavation?

A7. Check whether soil to be excavated is specified correctly. Four broad categories
are:-

1. I) Soft soil ii) Hard soil iii) Soft rock iv) Hard rock
2. Specify type of soil after conducting tests rationally
3. Whether blasting required or not?
4. In case of deep excavation sub-soil water may be met with.
5. Shoring and strutting done, should be seen for adequacy.
 6. Ensure excavation for foundation is to the correct depth and not more. If
excavated depth is more than 5 cm, it is to be leveled with lean CC 1:5:10
before laying CC in foundation
7. Ensure dumping of excavated earth on either side is not of hindrance to other
works
8. Clear the surplus unwanted earth immediately on excavation to save space

Q8. What are common problems in form work which impair the quality of
concrete?

A8. Common problems in form work which impair the quality of concrete are:-

1. Diagonal bracing of shores inadequate

2. The ground support to shore poor thereby the form-work settles
3. Shoring out of plumb
4. Failure to tighten the wedges to the shores
5. Insufficient thickness of shuttering unable to provide for lateral pressure
imposed by wet concrete
6. Shuttering plates not cleaned and oiled or oiled with dirty oil
7. Premature removal of form work
8. Inadequate design of form work

Q9. What are the checks to be made during Plain Cement Concrete works?

A.9 Checks to be made during Plain Cement Concrete works are:-

1. Check quality and size of the course aggregate with special reference to the
under size and over size material, earth and other foreign materials beyond
the stipulated limits, organic impurities as per IS 2336 Part-II. Particle size
distribution test for every 45 cum.
2. Sand should be checked for fineness modulus, silt content bulkage and
foreign materials.
3. Check form work wherever necessary
4. Check general quality of line, level and observe presence of honey-combed
surface.
5. Check curing arrangement
6. Check the mix boxes
7. Check mixing of concrete whether done by hand or by machine.
8. Use of vibrator
9. Check slump in case of cement concrete.
10. Cube strength Once a day or every 20 cum of a days concrete

Q10. What are checks to be made during brick masonry works?

A10. Checks to be made during brick masonry works are :-

1. Brick work is taken up in layers not exceeding one metre height

2. Joints between main wall and cross wall is properly bonded. Ensure the
vertical joints in each subsequent layer is avoided by introducing a closer.
3. Brick work is in plumb
 4. Brick courses are in level
5. Joints of brick work are full and strong
6. Quality of brick w.r.t. Strength, Efflorescence, dimensional accuracy, water
absorption and evenness of baking.
7. Quality of sand in mortar, records of test carried out for fineness modulus and
silt content
8. Arrangement for curing
9. Whether top courses in plinth, in window sill and below R.C.C. slab and
parapet are provided in brick on edge
10. While the brick masonry is in progress, the brick should be laid skin dry water
soaked. If bricks are laid dry then they absorb water from mortar rendering it
weak and in the case of brick work, strength of mortar is the governing factor.

Q11. What are the checks to be made during Reinforced Cement Concrete
works?

A11. Checks to be made during Reinforced Cement Concrete works are:-

1. Quality and size of coarse, sieve analysis record should be seen.

2. Quality of sand – record of gradation, silt content and bulkage test to be seen
3. Water for mixing and curing whether tested for suitability
4. Record of slump test
5. Cube tests
6. Cover blocks, adequacy in thickness and integrity-evenness of cover and
appropriateness of cover with reference to the exposure conditions
7. Whether any reinforcement exposed on removal of forms
8. Testing of steel reinforcement for suitability
9. Gauge of binding wire and whether it has been used at all intersections of
reinforcement.

10.Spacing of hooks and overlaps, whether suitably staggered and of required

length

1. Proper slopes provided in balcony slabs, chajjah, etc.

2. Ensure concrete id not poured from a height of more than 1.5 m
3. Ensure concrete is laid in single operation to the full thickness of slab/ beams
4. All electrical conduits, pipes, fixtures, fan hooks, etc are laid before concrete
work is commenced
5. Newly laid concrete shall be protected from rain by covering with tarpaulins till
its initial setting.

Q12. What are checks to be made during construction of Tanks?

A12. Checks to be made during construction of Tanks are:-

1. Ensure Steel plates conform to IS 2062 (1984).

2. Ensure Welding electrodes conform IS814 (part 1 &2) 1974
3. Ensure plate cutting diagram is available and followed
4. Check the inter-tank distances and boundary wall from the centre point of
each tank
5. Ensure bottom plates are laid with lap as in drg. (minimum lap shall be 5 times
the thickness)
6. In case of annular plates minimum lap shall be 65 mm
7. Ensure welding sequence is followed
8. For shell erection decide the method of erection and sequence of welding
9. Ensure plates are perfectly rectangular by checking them with a right edge
and also by measuring diagonals (Tolerance +/- 1.5 mm)
10. Check edge preparation and plates are rolled to proper curvature and stacked
vertically
11. Ensure shell plates are erected to plumb and supported with erection
channels, key plates, carrot wedges, etc as per standard practice (allowable
variation is +/-5 mm metre height)
12. Ensure the joints are only tack welded at the time of erection
13. Ensure complete welding of butt joints on the outside first
14. Ensure to gouge back to root run by grinding on the inside before
commencing welding
15. Vertical joints are to be staggered as per drawing
16. Ensure necessary guy ropes are fastened well to the outside of tank to
prevent collapse in high winds
17. Variation in tank diameter should not exceed 1/1000 of nominal diameter
18. For roof check correctness of fabrication of roof frames at GL.
19. Check roof slope. Take care to see all permanent bolts are in position and
tightened up before frame is allowed to take its own weight
20. Ensure crown plate is located first and then proceed to lay other sheets
21. Ensure shell manholes are positioned correctly taking local wind directions
into consideration
22. Ensure staircase commences min. 1.5m away from manhole.
23. Ensure welders employed are pre-qualified as per approved procedure
24. Ensure electrode approved by BIS is used
25. Pay attention to vertical and horizontal joints in shell plates, Butt joints in
annular plates
26. Ensure thorough de-slagging, cleaning and check for surface cracks, slag
inclusion and undercutting between each run
27. Ensure the number of radiographs as specified are taken
28. Ensure bottom plates are tested thoroughly by a vacuum box
29. Ensure internal erection cleats / tack on shell are removed and ground
thoroughly.
30. Box up the manholes and start pumping water in stages for hydrotest and
observe settlements at 8 / 12 points.