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INTELLIGENT BUILDING NEW ERA OF TODAYS WORLD

Conference Paper · March 2014

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1723.4965

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 Conference on: “Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today‟s Transforming World”

INTELLIGENT BUILDING NEW ERA OF TODAYS WORLD

Darsh Belani1, Ashish H. Makwana2, Jayeshkumar Pitroda3, Chetna M. Vyas4
Final Year Student, ME C E & M., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 1
Final Year Student, ME C E & M., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 2
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Dept., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 3
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Dept., A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar,
Gujarat, India 4

Abstract: A building that uses both technology and process to create a facility that is safe,
healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. With lots
of energy crisis in today‟s world now it‟s important for architects, engineers and construction
managers to make buildings which are energy efficient and intelligent by its functions and as
well as its usage, too. Technologies applied in intelligent buildings will improve the building
environment and functionality for occupants, while reducing operational costs. Smart or
clever buildings, perhaps focus on control systems, but intelligent buildings go far beyond
this. An intelligent building has an implicit logic that effectively evolves with changing user
requirements and technology, ensuring continued and improved intelligent operation,
maintenance and optimization. It exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to
benefit present and future generations. An intelligent building system concept recognizes that
the true cost of the building is not its cost of construction; it must include the operating and
maintenance costs over the structure‟s life span. Intelligent buildings yield cost reductions
over all these areas by optimizing energy use through automated control, communication and
management systems. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss,
revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors. Now a day, all heard of „sick-
building‟ syndrome and the misery this can inflict in the workplace in terms of poor health
and lost production. The notion of the Intelligent Building is the modern civil engineer's Big
Idea in tackling these and other such deficiencies. The intelligent building can adapt itself to
maintain an optimized environment. An intelligent building must be smart enough to vary the
environment to suit the users and also to provide various means of communication or
network regardless of whether it is internal or external. At an even more fundamental level
intelligent buildings can cope with social and technological change and also are adaptable to
human needs. This paper provides a review of research era in the area of Intelligent Building
with case studies.

Keywords: Human needs, Intelligent buildings, Modern civil engineer, Technologies

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I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition
An intelligent building can be defined as “the building that combines the best available
concepts, designs, materials, systems and technologies in order to provide an interactive,
adaptive, responsive, integrated and dynamic intelligent environment for achieving the
occupants' objectives over the full life span of the building.”

B. Overview of Intelligent Building

An Intelligent Building provides a productive, cost effective environment through the

optimization of structure, systems, services and management as well as the interrelationship
between them. It integrates various systems (such as lighting, heating, air conditioning, voice
and data communication and other building functions) to effectively manage resources in a
coordinated mode to maximize occupant performance, investment and operating cost, savings
and flexibility. They yield cost reductions over all these areas by optimizing energy use
through automated control, communication and management systems during its cost post
construction phase. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss,
revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors.
Intelligent buildings transcend integration to achieve interaction, in which the various
independent systems work collectively to optimize the building's performance and constantly
create an environment that is most conducive to the occupants‟ goals. Additionally, fully
interoperable systems in intelligent buildings tend to perform better, cost less to maintain, and
leave a smaller environmentalism print than individual utilities and communication systems.
The tasks that can be efficiently managed by an intelligent building include: power,
security, fire alarm, fire-fighting, air conditioning, diesel generator, water supply, solar
power, solar water heating, access control and lighting. It also helps service engineers to track
the maintenance schedule of machinery and equipment.
An intelligent building helps an organization to fulfil its objectives by facilitating the
management of the resources and thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the
organization. Nowadays, high quality of the intelligent building enables organizations
(institutions) unhindered and efficient operation, growth, organizational restructuring, proper
social relations (ease of space arrangement), not to mention a high level of safety, healthy
internal environment, long-lasting aesthetic values and cost efficiency. Thus, modern
intelligent buildings should fulfil all these requirements.

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The use of integrated and managed building control systems with technological
awareness to create healthy and sustainable environment which is flexible, comfortable,
productive, work efficient, secure and cost effective to satisfy the stakeholders needs while
reducing energy and water consumption. This is being driven by conditions such as
sustainability, stakeholders' expectations and the shifting culture towards value rather than
initial cost – so that quality and whole life costs are taken into account.
C. Fundamentals for Development of Intelligent Buildings

End User Integration of Responsiveness to

Cost Effectiveness
Satisfaction Building Services changes (Flexibility)

THREE CONDITIONS OF SATISFACTION OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

II.
1) The building should have advanced automatic control system to monitor various
facilities, including air-conditioning, temperature, lighting, security, fire, etc. to provide a
comfortable working environment for the tenants.
2) The building should have good networking infrastructure to enable data flow between
floors.
3) The building should provide adequate telecommunication facilities.

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III. FACTORS AFFECTING CRITERIAS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Figure 1: Factors affecting Criterias of Intelligent Building

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1) CR - Construction Requirement
 SLCM - Sourcing Local Construction Materials
 EUW - Efficient Use of Water
 WEL - Water Efficient Landscaping
 MT - Materials: ash bricks, aluminium, frames, glass, Low VOC paint,
and CRI certified Carpeting
2) EC - Environment Control EC
 QUDL - Optimum Use of Day Light
 MAQ-Maintaining Air Quality
 NAF - Natural Air Flow
 IA - Installation Air
 HU - Handling Unit
 CAE - Controlled Air Exhaust
 ULCL - Use of LED and CFL Lighting ULCL
3) WM - Water Management
 RWH - Rain Water Harvesting
 WEPF - Water Efficient Plumbing and Fixtures
 WTR & MD - Water Treatment, Recycling & Minimal Disposal
4) DW-Disposal Waste
 SWCS - Solid Waste Control Strategies
 IP - Ingress Protection: Preventing dust and the external

 SNBDD - Separation of non-bio degradable disposables

elements from entering the building

 GWH - Gray Water Handling

5) IBA - Intelligent Building Aspects
 EEBS - Energy Efficient Building Services
 IM - Information Management
 BAS - Building Automation System
 SI - System Integration
 CWS & ND - Communication Wiring System & Network Design
 FM - Facility Management
 IBT & D - Intelligent Building Technology & Design
 TM - Technology Management
6) IBM-Integrating Building Management
 EM - Energy Management
 AM - Alarm Monitoring
 HS - HVAC System
 PSS - PLC SCADA Software
 LC - Lighting Control
 LM - Lift Management

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IV. ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Fly ash based Aerated Concrete High Performance

Light Pipes
Concrete Walls Blocks Glass

Building integrated
Living Walls CO2 Sensor Smoke Detector
Photo Voltaic

Motion Sensors Intelligent Building

Managemet System
(IBMS) Control Room

V. INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS A POSSIBLE CONCEPT FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Sewage
Water Efficient Aerated Water
Treatment Solar Parking Solar Awnings
Landscaping Taps
Plant

Energy
Waterless Dual Flush Inland
Efficient
Urinals System Vegetation
Appliances

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VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLIGENCE FOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Automation Build Maintain

Monitor Control

VII. DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Energy efficient
Building services Information Building
System Integration
with proper Management Automation System
selection of
Equipment

Communication Facility Intelligent Building

Management Technology
Wiring system and Technology and
Maintenance
Network Design Design

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VIII. APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

Figure 2: Applications of Intelligent Buildings

IX. COMPARISON BETWEEN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS AND ORDINARY BUILDINGS

SN. Intelligent Building Ordinary Building
Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects
Ordinary building there will be different room conditions
such as lighting, ventilation, fire-fighting, air
depending on the changes in the environmental
1. conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes in
conditions.
environmental conditions controlled by computer.
In an Intelligent Building, the security system, In an Ordinary Building, the security system,
communication system, etc. are coordinated and communication system, etc. are not coordinated and
2.
automatically controlled by computer work station. automatically controlled by computer work station.
The cost of construction of an Intelligent Building is The cost of construction of Ordinary Building is low as
3. very high as compared to an ordinary building. compared to an ordinary building.
The development cost of an Intelligent Building is 8 -
10% higher than that of an ordinary building.
The cost of construction of Ordinary Building is low as
But this can be justified by the resulting energy saving,
4. compared to an ordinary building.
which is only 25 – 35% of the energy required by
normal building.

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X. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

A. Advantages

Environmental Benefits Economic Benefits Social Benefits

• Enhance and protect • Reduce operating costs • Enhance occupant

biodiversity and • Create, expand, and comfort and health
ecosystems shape markets for green • Heighten aesthetic
• Improve air and water product and services qualities
quality • Improve occupant • Minimize strain on
• Reduce waste streams productivity local infrastructure
• Conserve and restore • Optimize life-cycle • Improve overall quality
natural resources economic performance of life

B. Disadvantages

In spite of many benefits, the main barriers to the promotion and acceptance of
intelligent buildings can be attributed to the lack of:

Financial Resources Confidence to undertake Professional capacity to

new and ‘untested’ incorporate and manage
technologies intelligent technologies

Knowledge of developers Institutional structures

and owners on the need to encourage and
environmental impact of support uptake of such
inefficient buildings technologies

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XI. CASE STUDIES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

A. Case Study – 1 [ Forum Mall, Bengaluru]

[a]

[b]
Figure 3: Forum Mall, Bangalore
Source: http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==

1) Forum Mall Intelligent Building Details:

Floor Area: 3, 50, 000 Sq. ft. (plus 3, 00, 000 Sq. ft. parking)
Developer: Prestige Group
Intelligence Provided: Building Management System (BMS)
BMS Provider: Trend Control Systems, Honeywell

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2) Details of Forum Mall:

350,000 Sq. ft. of people
spread
Shoppertainment-Ground+4
Floors
Premium Finishes
Wide walkways
Uniform visibility
Intelligent Parking System
Flat slab construction
Round the clock security
300,000 Sq. ft. of parking
Parking: Basement, Surface
+ multi-level parking
Centrally Air-conditioned
Visitor comfort zones on
each floor
Staff comfort zones
Facilities Management
System
Tele-connectivity
Efficient freight handling
Dual Entrance
Each parking level has
direct access to respective
floors
100% generator backup
State of the art vertical
transportation
Over 800 car parks
Floor to ceiling height of
3.9m
Specific parking for autos
and tour buses
Managed indoor air quality

3) Project Details:
Forum Mall, Bengaluru, India is fitted with a computerized building management system
that „senses‟ where the maximum footfalls are leading and increases the cooling and
ventilation in those areas.

The sensors channels the information to the controllers of the HVAC (heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning, Climate control) systems, which respond accordingly.

Sensors and controllers thus help to optimize the consumption of energy by using
networks to relay intelligent inputs detailing the attributes of the physical environment to
building services systems.

4) Result achieved:

Improved operational efficiency of the entire system with energy savings of 8 to 10%.

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B. Case Study – 2 [Ebene Cyber Tower One, Mauritius]

Figure 4: Ebene Cyber Tower One, Mauritius

Source: http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==

1) Management Committee:

Architect: C R Narayana Rao (CRN)

Intelligence Provided: Integrated Building Management System

Provider: Race Technologies

Cost of System: 1.75 to 2 Crore for the Building Management Systems (BMS)

2) System Details

Ebene Cyber City, Mauritius was awarded the Intelligent Building of the year by the
Intelligent Community Forum, USA in 2005. It uses an Integrated Management System
conceived and designed by C. R. Narayana Rao (CRN) and implemented by Race
technologies.

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Comprehensive Integration Integration of An energy metering system

of all utilities, including ventilation and exhaust for accurate tenant billing
HVAC automation and system to fire and other for power consumed by
scheduling as per client‟s systems. various elements like UPS,
requirement. lighting, air-conditioning.
Integration of Fire Comprehensive Access Turnstile barriers to
Alarm System, Fire Fighting Control System with regulate access in secure
and Public Address System. integration of CCTV and areas.
Surveillance.
Safety, security
integration with on site and
remote monitoring.
Central telecom network Electrical systems Lighting management
monitoring and metering systems
systems
System with automation of Monitoring of Vertical Emergency Voice
pumps transportation System Communication System for
Evacuation

XII.CONCLUSION
From this research work, following conclusion are drawn:

 There can be possible aspiration to provide an optimized solution of sustainability and

intelligence that will help the agenda of living in a healthy, comfortable, and
technologically advanced world.
 From a practical perspective, it can provide a way for developers or design teams to
value sustainability of intelligent systems and lay emphasis on a sustainable design
strategy. It can help set up industry standards in the future, which clients can refer to and
decide the best suited intelligent green design for their organizational needs.
 It can also help to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of organizations by
optimizing energy consumption, increase user satisfaction, minimize operating costs, and
address key environmental issues.
 So, an intelligent building can use both technology and process to create a facility
towards safe, healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its
occupants. And it can also exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to
benefit present and future generations.

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 Though intelligent buildings have a positive impact on the environment, people and
economy, there can be still a wide scope for enhancement. Owing to the continuous,
evolving technological progress that intelligent buildings can be a part of demands
further exploration.

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