K to 12 CURRICULUM BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Enhancing Scientific Skills Through Contextualized Learning

Module 4

O2

CO2
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UTR1IsX55dc/maxresdefault.jpg
Magnifier
Enhancing Scientific Skills Through Contextualized Learning
Science 6
Quarter 2: Module 4
Copyright © 2017 of Biñan City Division

All rights reserved.

No parts of this module covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced, stored on a retrieval system,
and/or used in any form or any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without
written permission of the authors or publishers.
Published and distributed in the Philippines by ________________________________

Good job! You have successfully learned about the digestive systems, its
parts and functions. Now you will deal on the respiratory system its parts, functions and
explain the process of breathing.
Continue learning as you go on the module.
S6MT-Ia-c-1
Explain how the organs of each organ system work together.

At the end, you will be able to:

 Identify the major parts of the respiratory system and their functions

 Trace the path of air when a person inhale

 Demonstrate ways of caring the respiratory system

Workbook Development Team

Module Development Team

Fun Facts………...…………………….. ………...….3

Sci-Cept……...…………………...............................4-5
Respiration
Sci-cept
Parts of the Respiratory System………….…………6-7
Concept Map…………………………...………...…...8
Sci – Lab
Breathing Rate.……………...…………..……….……9
Health Bitz
Tuberculosis…………….…………………...…...10
Digestive Care
Ways to take Care the Respiratory Sytsem…….….11
Work It Out …….…………………………..….……....12
Check it Out ……….………..………………….....13
Fun Page …………..…………………………………..14
Writers/ Lay-out Artists: Vivian D. Caballero
Consultant: Geraldine O. Magbanua
Evaluators: Ronaldo P. Bago, Clarita C. Rey,
and Ma. Leonora M. Natividad
Language Editor: Jaypee E. Lopo
Program Directors: Ronaldo P. Bago and
Evelyn P. De Castro
Executive Committee: Edmil C. Recibe,
Liza L. Cardeño,
Dr. Mary Ann L. Tatlongmaria,
Dr. Bayani V. Enriquez,
Nicolas M. Burgos,
Hereberto Jose D. Miranda, CESO VI,
and Atty. Walfredo R. Dimaguila

Division of Biñan City-Learning Resources Management and Development System

Office Address: P. Burgos St., Sto. Domingo, Biñan City, Laguna, Philippines
Telefax: (049) 511-4143
 Some people can hold their
breath for more than 20 minutes.
The average time an adult can hold
his or her breath is between 30 and
60 seconds. This limitation has
more to do with the build up of
blood-acidifying carbon dioxide
than the lack of oxygen, which your
body stores in muscle proteins
called myoglobin.

The lungs are

You lose a lot of water the only
by breathing. Breathing organs that
allows you to take in the can float on
oxygen your cells need water.
and expel carbon-dioxide
waste. When you exhale,
you also breathe out a https://www.livescience.com/44105-
lot of water. respiratory-system-surprising-facts.html
https://www.livescience.com/44105-
respiratory-system-surprising-facts.html

Pulmonary circulation is the pro-

cess by which blood travels from
the heart to the lungs and then
back to the heart. This flow keeps
the heart supplied with oxygen,
which the blood picks up from the
https://www.livescience.com/44105-respiratory-
system-surprising-facts.html

Bronchial tree is the branching, air conducting subdivisions of the bronchi

of the lungs.

Capillaries are small tube that carry blood within the body.

Diffusion is the process where oxygen gas is distributed in the blood

through blood capillaries

Respiration is the process of breathing.

Inhalation is the action of breathing in.

Exhalation is the action of breathing out.

 Without oxygen, your body can’t move. Your body receives oxygen
from air through breathing. Oxygen goes into your blood, which is distributed
into the entire parts of the body. You need to breathe because the body cells
need oxygen.

The primary function of the respiratory system is allowing the lungs to

take in atmospheric oxygen through inhalation and dispose of the waste
products through exhalation.

Inhalation is an active motion that causes the diaphragm to con-

tract. During inhalation, the diaphragm moves downward as it contracts, in-
creasing the size of the chest cavity. This creates a space of emptiness,
which causes air to enter in through the nose or mouth.

Exhalation is a passive process because muscle contraction does

not occur. During exhalation, the diaphragm moves back up as the stretched
lung bounces back to its normal position. As the lung returns to normal posi-
tion, carbon dioxide, a waste product created by the body, moves out of the
lungs through the mouth and nose.

Table 1 Differences between Inhalation and Exhalation

Inhalation Exhalation
Diaphragm contracts and flattens Diaphragm relaxes and arches up
Rib muscle contract Rib muscle relax
Rib cage expands and moves upward Rib cage contracts and moves down
ward
 Respiration takes place in the lungs. The path of air in the r espir ator y
system can be shown in the diagram below:

Oxygen from
the environment Pharynx

Nasal cavity Pharynx Trachea

Oxygen and
Carbon Dioxide
exchange at Alveoli
Alveoli

Nasal cavity Bronchioles Bronchi

Bronchioles Bronchi Trachea Pharynx

Bronchioles Bronchi Trachea Pharynx

Carbon Dioxide Nasal Cavities

Air into the
Environment

Nasal cavity
 You breathe and exchange gas in the environment. The supply of life-
sustaining oxygen to your body and removing a waste product called carbon diox-
ide is done by your body’s respiratory system.
Several organs of the respiratory system are responsible for the process of
breathing. The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs work together
to allow gas exchange.

Organ Names Organs Description and

Functions

The nose is the primary

upper respiratory organ in which
1. Nose /Nasal cavity air enters and exits the body.
Cilia and mucus line the nasal
cavity and trap bacteria and
foreign particles that enter in the
nose. Cartilage helps form the
shape of the nose.
The nose provides airways
for respiration, moistens and
warm the entering of air and
filter and clean the entering air.

2. Pharynx (Throat) The pharynx is a tubular

structure, positioned behind the
oral and nasal cavities. The
pharynx is the passageway of air
pass from the mouth to the
lungs.
http://
www.harleystreetent.com/wp-
content/uploads/2011/06/
throat-pharynx.jpg

3 Larynx The larynx is part of the upper

respiratory tract that has two
main functions: a passageway
for air to enter the lungs, and a
source of vocalization. The
larynx is made up of the
hyoid bone and cartilage.
http://
www.harleystreetent.com/wp-
content/uploads/2011/06/
throat-larynx.jpg
http://www.md-health.com/Function-Of-Organs-In-Respiratory-System.html
 Organ Organs Description and Functions
Names

4. Trachea/
Windpipe Trachea or windpipe is an elastic
tube connecting neck to the bronchi.

http://videregen.com/wp-content/
uploads/2014/09/Trachea-Anatomy-
Videregen-219x300.jpg

5. Lungs The lungs are sponge –like sacs ,

https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9
eLungs_ diagram_simple.svg/300px- tion.
Lungs_ diagram_simple.svg.png
protected by flexible rib cage .
The left lung is divided into a superi-
or and inferior lobe, and the right lung is
subdivided into a superior, middle, and
inferior lobe.
The main function of the lungs is the
process of gas exchange called respira-

6. Bronchi
Bronchi divides trachea into two primary
sections which leads into the lungs.

https://www.paloalto.va.gov/images/
bronchi.jpg

7. Bronchioles
Bronchioles serves as the passage of
air from the trachea to the lungs.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
Iyd0BLOJjQ0/UOHGFGr5URI/
AAAAAAAABE8/sWDXSm9wv68/
s1600/Bronchioles+1 3643482.jpg

8. Alveoli
Alveoli are tiny grape-like sacs at
the end of the respiratory tree. It is sur-
rounded by blood vessels (tiny capil-
liaries) where the exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide gases occurs at the
alveolar level.
https://www.3dcadbrowser.com/
th/1/2/2663.jpg
http://www.md-health.com/Function-Of-Organs-In-Respiratory-System.html
 Complete the path of air in the respiratory system using the parts below.

Oxygen from
the environment

Oxygen and
Carbon Dioxide
exchange at
Alveoli

Carbon Dioxide
Air into the
Environment

Nasal cavities Pharynx Trachea Alveoli Bronchioles Bronchi

 Objective: Determine the breathing rate in different activities.

Materials: journals, jump rope (optional)

Procedure:

1. Find a partner.
2. Students will count how many breaths per minute their partner takes after
completing various activities such as:

 Resting
 Walking
 Jump roping for one minute
 Running up the stairs
 Hopping on one foot for one minute
 Doing sit ups or push ups for one minute

3. Record data in the table below.

Activities Breaths (per minute)

1. Resting
2. Walking
3. Jump roping for one minute
4. Running up the stairs
5. Hopping on one foot for one
minute
6. Doing sit ups for one minute
Questions.
1. Why do we need to breathe?

2. When do you breathe faster? Why do you think you breath faster during vigorous
activities?

3. Other than the difficultly of the activity, what factors do you think influence
breaths/minute? Why?

4. How do you think breathing rate is related to heart rate? Why is there a
correlation?
 Tuberculosis also known TB- is a contagious infection that attacks the lungs.
It can also spread to other parts of the body, like the brain and spine. A type of bacte-
ria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes it.

In the Philippines, TB is the number six lead-

ing cause of death, with 73 Filipinos dying every
day.
https://
c1.staticflickr.com/5/4071/5149398656_ebd66669fa_z.jpg

How Is It Spread?

Tuberculosis spreads through the air. When a person infected contaminates air
through coughing, sneezing or even laughing and talking, tiny droplets that contain the
germs are released. If you breathe in these nasty germs, you get infected.

Signs and symptoms of active TB include:

1. A cough that lasts more than 3 weeks 6. Chills

2. Chest pain 7. Fever

3.Coughing up blood 8. Loss of Appetite

4. Feeling tired all the time 9. Weight Loss

5. Night sweats

If you experience any of these symptoms, see a doctor to get medical help right
away.

What is the treatment for Tuberculosis?

Doctors prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria that cause it. You’ll need to take
them for 6 to 9 months.
Isoniazid (INH): This is the most common therapy for latent TB. You typically take an
isoniazid antibiotic pill daily for 9 months.

Rifampicin : You take this antibiotic each day for 4 months. It’s an option if you have
side effects or contraindications to INH.

Isoniazid and rifapentine: You take both of these antibiotics once a week for 3 months
under your doctor’s supervision.
 Everyday, we breathe in and out about 20,000 times. All this breathing us-
es every aspect of the respiratory system: the nose, throat, voice box, windpipe,
and lungs. Many factors including genetics, smoking, pollutants, irritants, and
infectious diseases can cause your lungs to develop problems such as tuberculo-
sis and age faster than normal.
The good news is that damage to your respiratory system is temporary
and can actually grow healthier and stronger through proper care.

Here are ways to improve your respiratory system

health.:

1. Exercise regularly.

2. Eat a diet rich in nutrients necessary for a

healthy respiratory system. It recommends
eating foods rich in vitamins A,C and E and
the minerals zinc, potassium, selenium, mag-
nesium and zinc.

3,Drink plenty of water to help thin mucus se-

cretions that accumulate in your lungs, facili-
tating easier breathing.

4.Add houseplants to your rooms. According to

the British Columbia Lung Association, indoor
plants can improve the quality of the air in your
home by removing chemical vapors that can
harm respiratory health.

5. Wash your hands frequently, get vaccinated

for the flu and practice good oral hygiene to
prevent infections that can travel from the
mouth to the rest of the body, notably your
lungs.

6.Exercise in cleaner conditions, such as side

streets or parks away from busy thorough-
fares .

Cooper, Kelly (2017) How to Keep the Respiratory System Healthy?http://www.livestrong.com/article/352871

-how-to-keep-my-respiratory-system-healthy/
Objective:
To describe what makes air go in and out of the lungs

Student Information:
Your lungs do not have muscles. You breathe by changing the size of your chest. The air
around you has pressure. It is pushing in on you all of the time. When you make your
chest bigger, air comes into your body and fills up your lungs. To breathe out, you make
your chest smaller. This pushes the air back out.

Materials:

· 16 oz. or 20 oz. plastic bottle

· a small lump of clay

· 1 straw

· colored water

Procedure:
1. Fill the bottle half way with colored water. Put the straw in it and place the clay over
the opening (holding the straw in place coming out of the bottle).

2. Tell the children that the straw is like your windpipe; the clay is like your throat; the
bottle is like your chest. The movement of the colored water is to represent the
movement of air in and out of your lungs.

3. Push in on the bottle. This makes the bottle smaller. This is like making your chest
smaller. This pushes the water (air) out.

4. Stop pushing in on the bottle. This makes the bottle bigger. This is like making your
chest bigger. Air pressure pushes the water (air) in.

Discussion:
1. Put your hands on your chest while you breathe.
2. Can you feel how changing the size of your chest makes the air go in and out?
3. How is it like the bottle?

classroom.synonym.com/classroom-activities.respiratorysystem.7877541.html
 Label the parts and functions of the respiratory system by writing
the letter of the parts and functions provided below.

Parts Functions

http://www.christianhomeschoolhub.com/gfile/75r4!-!GLGMML!-!zrzor45!-!

Parts of the Respiratory System

A.Nose b. Larynx c. Alveoli d. Lung

E. Bronchi f. Pharynx g. Trachea h. Bronchioles

i. Diaphragm

Functions;

A. It traps bacteria and foreign particles.

B. A passageway for air to enter into the lungs and a source of vocalization.
C. Sponge –like sacs where most of the respiration happens.
D. An elastic tube connecting neck to the bronchi.
E. Divides trachea into two primary sections which leads into the lungs.
F. It carries air from trachea to the lungs.
G. It is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at alveolar level.
H. The passageway of air pass from the mouth through the lungs.
I. It allows the lungs to inflate as part of the process of respiration.
 How many words can you find from the list below?

G R F K K I T U B D M L S D P X Q P P S
U R Y C E L O I H C N O R B R O N C H I
V I C V E O D I G L P Y R Z I K T K A O
G V G J L E E A A W U R V W N D Z I R H
C R O O G V M F F V P Z G D F C K P Y N
P P N L J L E H G R K F A R H R G V N X
T B D P Q A D V U J X F Z L U O Y G X Y
D N E V T R A C H E A X K V P R N W N L
P O O F F S A A B Y F A J A P I G O L U
S G S D B I V P E L I A U X P Z D H A D
I Y J J I J Z Q S U H C N O R B Q N B K
G I D J K L E Z P N N Z J X K O J N W J
R F I A O Q K N G G A B I Y L H Q O Q B
Z U A P H A Z S O S I G K G R X Q A Y E
Q I S X J A T F U B W I R E X I M Y Y U
Y X N Y T I V A C L A S A N N F T Y X R
O X P T O L Y L L H F R B H N K Y L T L
J N O S E I R A L L I P A C R F I O S V
U M T S D C H Q T A F R M Q Y S H A Z V
L Y R E S P I R A T O R Y S Y S T E M H

Words List
lungs nasal cavity
trachea nose
bronchus bronchiole
alveoli capillaries
nose cilia
respiratory system oxygen
bronchi pharynx

Bibliography:
https://www.livescience.com/44105-respiratory-system-surprising-facts.html
http://www.md-health.com/Function-Of-Organs-In-Respiratory-System.html

Martinez, Joyce Marie V. SciLINKS, (Mandaluyong City 2007) ,2-3.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/722827808912588626/
Cooper, Kelly (2017) How to Keep the Respiratory System Healthy?http://www.livestrong.com/
article/352871-how-to-keep-my-respiratory-system-healthy/
https://www.freewordsearch.net/puzzle/The-Respiratory-System/