Nombre: Erick Josue Guadamud Soledispa

Paralelo: 5
Profesor: Cristian Alfonso Salas Vazquez

1) DEDUCE THE GENERAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM EQUATION AND

EXPLAIN EACH OF ITS TERMS

- for the demonstration, a rotating body will be considered. Usually the points of rotation
character "w" are looked for in the angular momentum. For the demonstration we will try
to represent a flat disk, instead of a point constant mass, so we will calculate Mi in each
point of the imaginary disk and using concepts of physics 1, linear algebra, differential
equations will proceed to characterize the angular momentum . (Physics, 2011)
- If we see the illustration we can represent the moment
that the game has angularly in which
𝑀𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖 × 𝑝𝑖
Mi → : is the moment that the body has regarding the
imaginary disc.
ri → : the position from the start to the end of the disk

pi → : is the quantity of the moment with which the body is

related which can also be written as (𝑚𝑖 (𝑣𝑖 ))

- taking into consideration that each point of rotation must

be perpendicular to the moving vectors so we can develop the
expesicon in the following way. (Physics, 2011)

(fisicalab, 2016)𝑀𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖 . 𝑝𝑖 . 𝑠𝑒𝑛(90) →

Ilustración 1: wólfram:
(wolfram, 2011) 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑓 𝑤𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑖 → 𝑀𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖 . 𝑚𝑖 . (𝑣𝑖 )

now the tangential velocity can be expressed as vi = wi.ri, so if we replace in the equation
we have the following expression.

𝑀𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖 . 𝑚𝑖 . (𝑤𝑖 . 𝑟𝑖) → 𝑀𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖2 . 𝑚𝑖 . (𝑤𝑖 )

Now uniting each angular moment of the disc we can leave the experience in the
following way.
𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑀1 + 𝑀2 + ⋯ + 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑟12 . 𝑚1 . (𝑤) + 𝑟22 . 𝑚2 . (𝑤) + ⋯ + 𝑟𝑛2 . 𝑚𝑛 . (𝑤)
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑤 → 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑤(𝑟12 . 𝑚1 + 𝑟22 . 𝑚2 + ⋯ + 𝑟𝑛2 . 𝑚𝑛)
(𝑟12 . 𝑚1 + 𝑟22 . 𝑚2 + ⋯ + 𝑟𝑛2 . 𝑚𝑛) → and this can be expressed as summation in
terms of differential equation , that would be:

𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 = (∑ 𝑚𝑖 . 𝑟𝑖2 ) . 𝑤
𝑖=𝑛
 where the (∑𝑛𝑖=𝑛 𝑚𝑖 . 𝑟𝑖2 ) = 𝐼 is the moment of inertia of the imaginary disc in any fluid,
so you can write the equation in the following way.

𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 = 𝐼. 𝑤

now applying differentiation we can reach the expression

𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 = 𝐼. 𝑤

𝑑𝑤 𝑑(𝐼𝑤)
𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 = 𝐼. → 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝐻
𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 =
𝑑𝑡
. M=a couple momento
.I = Moment of inertia of the material.
. w= angular velocity of the system
. H= angular momento
(fisicalab, 2016)

2) DEFINE WHAT IS A DEFORMABLE CONTROL VOLUME AND DEDUCE

THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM EQUATION FOR THIS CASE.

definition of deformable volume: it is a deformable system when in the tangential point

of the fluid, that is to say in its surface is in constant movement or when all the fluid is
transferred from one point to another with movement in a very small time (a moment); as
long as all the fluid is transferred without any ostaculo or material, this is considered a
totally deformed volumen. (Arayyes, 2016)

- deduce the angular momentum equation for this case

solution: starting from the equation shown in the previous paragraph

𝑑𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 = → 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑑𝑡

𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑠 = 𝑚(𝑟 × 𝑣): 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑠 = ∑ 𝑚𝑖 (𝑟 × 𝑣) : 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚

𝑖
𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑠 = ∫ (𝑟 × 𝑣)𝑑𝑚 ∶ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡

- Now if we apply the Reynolds theorem, we can express Bsis = Hsis, leaving the
expression.
 𝑑𝐵
𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑠 = 𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑠 → 𝑏 = = (𝑟 × 𝑣)
𝑑

so if we replace in the reynolds theorem we will have, the equation for an accelerated and
deformable volumen
𝑝
𝑑 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
∫ 𝑝 ( 𝑟 × 𝑣)𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑝( 𝑟 × 𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑙 )(𝑣𝑟 . 𝑛)𝑑𝐴 = ∑(𝑟 × 𝐹) − ∫ 𝑝 (𝑟 × 𝑎)𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡 𝑣𝑐 𝑠𝑐 𝑣𝑐
𝑠𝑖𝑠

or you can also write as:

𝑑 𝑝 𝑝
∫ 𝑝 ( 𝑟 × 𝑣)𝑑𝑉 + ∫𝑠𝑐 𝑝( 𝑟 × 𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑙 )(𝑣𝑟 . 𝑛)𝑑𝐴 = 𝑀 (Arayyes, 2016)
𝑑𝑡 𝑣𝑐

3) DEFINE WHAT IS A NON-DEFORMABLE CONTROL VOLUME AND DEDUCE

THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM EQUATION FOR THIS CASE

definition : a non-deformable volume is one that has a fixed continuity, that is, an absolute system
such as a house that has a fixed material, traversed under a pipe with a continuous flow that is a
non-deformable volume, often this volume of Control is in a system that is co-ordinated with
respect to the angular movement of the system. (Arayyes, 2016)

- deduce the angular momentum equation for this case

Solution:

- for a fixed system the control volume has to be rigid, so a special time difference in
angular momentum (r x v) is applied, leaving the equation in the following way.
-
𝑑𝐻
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = = ∑(𝑟 × 𝐹)
𝑑𝑡

𝑝 𝑝
𝜕[𝜌(𝑟 × 𝑣)
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑣𝑐 → ∑(𝑟 × 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝜌(𝑟 × 𝑣)(𝑣. 𝑛)𝑑𝐴
𝑉𝑐 𝜕𝑡 𝑠𝑐

- as here the same amount that comes out can be expressed as follows.

𝑝 𝑝
𝑝
∫ 𝜌(𝑟 × 𝑣)(𝑣. 𝑛)𝑑𝐴 = ∑ 𝑚̇(𝑟 × 𝑣) − ∑ 𝑚̇(𝑟 × 𝑣)
𝑠𝑐 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦

𝑝 𝑝
𝑝
𝜕[𝜌(𝑟 × 𝑣)
∑(𝑟 × 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + ∑ 𝑚̇(𝑟 × 𝑣) − ∑ 𝑚̇(𝑟 × 𝑣)
𝑉𝑐 𝜕𝑡
𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦

- Now if the flow is in point is to say stationary the expression is written as follows.

𝑝
𝜕[𝜌(𝑟 × 𝑣)
∫ 𝑑𝑉 = 0
𝑉𝑐 𝜕𝑡
 𝑝 𝑝

∑(𝑟 × 𝐹) = ∑ 𝑚̇(𝑟 × 𝑣) − ∑ 𝑚̇(𝑟 × 𝑣)

𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦

4) INVESTIGATE AT LEAST 3 APPLICATIONS OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM

EQUATION IN FLUID MECHANICS.

the angular momentum is the movement in a point with cable or in a fixed point with respect to a
volume, reason why the applications will be based on 2 examples of hydraulic machines and one
related to the civil engineering, in relation to the mechanics of fluids . (Torino, 2011)

APPLICATIONS:

 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES

They are defined in those elements that exchange energy, so the angular momentum would be a
key point to see how the flow passes from a volumetric point or a constant point that, gives its
energy to the fluid or is exchanged in the pressure that is created in the pressure. Machine, due to
the angular momentum that varies the volume. A clear example are the piston-shaped pumps, the
gear-shaped pumps and various gears, paddles and those that are hydraulic cylinders of thermal
machineries in the design of the tire so that they do not decompose so fast. (Torino, 2011)

 GENERATING TURBOMACHINES

it is known as turbomachine that distributes the angular momentum with respect to the energy it
absorbs, causing the fluid to move with angular movement. If the fluid is water or a liquid, they
are known by bomas, now if it is gas they are known as fans, one of the applications is in dams
that move turbines, which generates energy known as turbomachines that generate electricity. (A
Project funded by, 2099)

 REGULATION OF THE MACHINES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

The hydraulic regulation is used when it is desired to pump concrete from a point higher than a
lower point so it uses calculations of angular momentum to see how fast it should be sent and how
much volume, thus controlling the time with which a base is built , with steam in the power
stations of the construction. also in hydroelectric, is another field very Related to the mechanics
of fluids with respect to angular momentum. (A Project funded by, 2099)

5) EXPLAIN HOW ANGULAR MOMENTUM RELATES TO THE OPERATION OF A

TURBOMACHINE.

The relationship of angular momentum with turbomachines is given by the principle of hydraulic
machines. therefore, these are mechanical devices that have the purpose of using fluids, through
a constant or varied volume, in a way that causes the fluid point to vary in the machine known as
angular momentum. (veracruz, 2018)
They are also known, by the various changes in what moves the fluid or the angular change and
with respect to its magnitude with the speed given by angular momentum. its exchange of energy
in the impeller and fluid is linked, the energy of Euler, but this may be related to the angular
momentum with respect to its inertial point.

The tubomakines are related in two groups.

 Turbomachinery generators.

They are those that consume energy and pass it to the fluid as angular momentum.

 Motor turbomachines.

They are those that consume energy and pass it as mechanical angular momentum. They are
usually independent of any fluid. (veracruz, 2018)

Bibliografía
A Project funded by, M. G. (31 de diciembre de 2099). nptel. Obtenido de nptel:
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112104118/12

Arayyes, T. (23 de junio de 2016). site.iugaza.edu.p. Obtenido de site.iugaza.edu.p:

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/talrayyes/files/2016/07/FD_Chapter-3_1.pdf

fisicalab. (5 de septiembre de 2016). https://www.fisicalab.com. Obtenido de

https://www.fisicalab.com: https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/momento-
angular?fbclid=IwAR0Eek4FSaV9ldveeZ6l7laGAhbJqnfdwOZppBYJeciq_xOvIMNBrM5Hs
cE#contenidos

Physics, A. J. (2011). Angular Momentum Demonstration. North Carolina: North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607. Obtenido de American Journal of Physics.

Torino, P. d. (28 de enero de 2011). polito.it. Obtenido de polito.it:

https://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/philofluid/includes/theses/Iovieno_PhD_2001.pdf

veracruz, U. p. (2018). Mecanica de fluido. MEXICO VERACUZ.

wolfram. (20 de febrero de 2011). wolfram. Obtenido de wolfram:

https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/3DAngularMomentumOfAParticle/