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Introduction
This "quick start" guide shows you how to carry out a one-way ANOVA
using Minitab, as well as how to interpret and report the results from
this test. However, before we introduce you to this procedure, you
need to understand the different assumptions that your data must meet
in order for a one-way ANOVA to give you a valid result. We discuss
these assumptions next.
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Assumptions
The one-way ANOVA has six assumptions. You cannot test the first
three of these assumptions with Minitab because they relate to your
study design and choice of variables. However, you should check
whether your study meets these three assumptions before moving on.
If these assumptions are not met, there is likely to be a different
statistical test that you can use instead. Assumptions #1, #2 and #3
are explained below:
Assumptions #4, #5 and #6 relate to the nature of your data and can be
checked using Minitab. You have to check that your data meets these
assumptions because if it does not, the results you get when running a one-
way ANOVA might not be valid. In fact, do not be surprised if your data
violates one or more of these assumptions. This is not uncommon. However,
there are possible solutions to correct such violations (e.g., transforming your
data) such that you can still use a one-way ANOVA. Assumptions #4, #5 and
#6 are explained below:
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Example
An online retailer wants to get the best from its employees, as well as improve
their working experience. Currently, employees in the retailer’s order
fulfilment centre are not provided with any kind of entertainment whilst they
work (e.g., no background music, television, etc.). However, the retailer wants
to know whether providing music, which a few employees have requested,
would lead to greater productivity, and if so, by how much.
Note: The example and data used for this guide are fictitious. We have just
created them for the purposes of this guide.
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Setup in Minitab
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Test Procedure in Minitab
In this section, we show you how to analyse your data using a one-way
ANOVA in Minitab when the six assumptions in the previous
section, Assumptions, have not been violated. The procedure changed from
Minitab 16 to Minitab 17. Therefore, we present the procedure for both below:
Minitab 16
Click Stat > ANOVA > One-Way... on the top menu, as shown below:
Published with written permission from Minitab Inc.
You will be presented with the following One-Way Analysis of Variance dialogue box:
in the main left-hand box (e.g., C1 Productivity). This will activate the button (it is usually
faded: ). To transfer the variable into this box, select C1 Productivity in the main left-hand box
and press the button or simply double-click on C1 Productivity. You now need to do the same
for C2 Music, but this time into the Factor: box. You will end up with the dialogue box shown below:
Click the button. The output that Minitab produces is shown below.
Minitab 17
Click Stat > ANOVA > One-Way... on the top menu, as shown below:
Published with written permission from Minitab Inc.
You will be presented with the following One-Way Analysis of Variance dialogue box:
Transfer the dependent variable, Productivity, into the Response: box and the independent variable, Music, into
the Factor: box. To do this, you first need to click into the Response: box for the dependent variable to appear
in the main left-hand box (e.g., C1 Productivity). This will activate the button (it is usually
faded: ). To transfer the variable into this box, select C1 Productivity in the main left-hand box
and press the button or simply double-click on C1 Productivity. You now need to do the same
for C2 Music, but this time into the Factor: box. You will end up with the dialogue box shown below:
Click the button. The output that Minitab produces is shown below.
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Output of the one-way ANOVA in Minitab
The Minitab output for a one-way ANOVA includes many useful statistics,
including descriptive statistics for the groups that you compared. However, in
this guide we focus on the Analysis of Variance table which reports the
statistical significance of the one-way ANOVA, as shown below (for Minitab
17):
And for Minitab 16:
The statistical significance of the one-way ANOVA is found under the "P-
Value" column ("P" column in Minitab 16). You can see that the significance
level is 0.004 (i.e., p = .004). Since this is below 0.05 (i.e., p < .05), we can
declare that the result is statistically significant. That is, there is a statistically
significant difference in the mean productivity between the three different
groups of the independent variable, Music (i.e., "No Music", "Music - No
Choice" and "Music - Choice").
Note: We present the output from the one-way ANOVA above. However,
since you should have tested your data for the assumptions we explained
earlier in the Assumptions section, you will also need to interpret the Minitab
output that was produced when you tested for them. This includes: (a) the
boxplots you used to check if there were any significant outliers; (b) the
output Minitab produces for your Shapiro-Wilk test for normality to determine
normality; and (c) the output Minitab produces for Levene's test for
homogeneity of variances. Also, remember that if your data failed any of these
assumptions, the output that you get from the one-way ANOVA procedure
(i.e., the output we discuss above) might no longer be valid and you will need
to interpret the Minitab output that is produced when they fail (i.e., this
includes different results).
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Reporting the output of the one-way ANOVA
When you report the output of your one-way ANOVA, it is good practice to
include:
A one-way ANOVA was conducted to determine if productivity in a packing facility was different for
groups with different physical activity levels. Participants were classified into three groups: No music
(n = 20), Music - No choice (n = 20) and Music - Choice (n = 20). There was a statistically significant
difference between groups as determined by a one-way ANOVA, F(2, 57) = 6.08, p = .004.
Portions of information contained in this publication/book are printed with permission of Minitab Inc. All such material
remains the exclusive property and copyright of Minitab Inc. All rights reserved.
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