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“I just found this supplement that is going to pack on some serious muscle. It’s got this
crazy name, ‘beta methyl something’…. I mean with a name like that it has to work.”
What the guy was actually referring to was a supplement called Beta-hydroxy-beta-
methylbutyrate. Otherwise known as HMB.
What is HMB?
HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid Leucine. Basically that means your body turns
leucine into HMB.
With touted benefits such as increased lean body mass, improved strength, and
improved body composition, let’s see exactly what the science says about HMB.
HMB supplementation basically gives you the other 95% back. You can increase your
HMB levels by taking it in supplement form. Well who cares…I mean what the heck is
HMB and what does it do? And more importantly can it help you increase muscle and
strength? (see what I did there?)
Firstly, it is well documented that HMB activates mTOR, a key “muscle growth” signaling
molecule.2, 3, 4 HMB also activates another critical component in muscle protein
synthesis, the very appropriately named P70S6K (seriously….who came up with that
name)5.
In addition to increasing signals for muscle growth, HMB is also known to reduce the
process in your muscles that is responsible for muscle-protein breakdown6.
Unlike many supplements, HMB has been tested in a lot of different people. We are
talking trained and untrained, male and female, old and young. It has also been tested in
different training modalities, with and without dietary intervention.
This amount of research does 2 things: 1) gives us the ability to draw more generalized
conclusions, 2) makes data interpretation a nightmare and requires substantial thought
and insight.
Despite the wide range of the studies, we can make some good conclusions from the
data available.
Most of the 8 week studies did not include any type of periodization, this may have
slowed the muscle growth of the HMB group which “adapted” sooner. They may have
reached the same point because the stimulus for the HMB group at 4 weeks was similar
to the placebo by 8 weeks.
At least that is my most educated guess. . . and there is some evidence to back it up. In a
12 week intervention study with periodization, HMB supplementation lead to greater
improvements in lean mass and muscle strength than placebo10.
Another thing we should point out is that there appears to be a dose-response curve
where increasing the dose from 1.5g to 3g led to greater increases in FFM. No one has
looked at doses higher that 3g/day. . . . can I get some volunteers?!
What’s weird/interesting is that we see the opposite effect of HMB with respect to time
relating to the trained athletes. HMB does not elicit greater improvements in the short-
term, but it does in the long-term.
There have been a host of poorly-controlled studies which give almost useless data for
drawing conclusions. As a scientist by training this kind of stuff drives me insane. So I
will focus on the well-controlled ones.
A short-term (4 week) study found no improvements in strength or lean mass with HMB
supplementation in college football players, but a longer-term study (7 weeks) using
trained individuals shows that HMB supplementation lead to a 4.5 kg (9.9 lb.) increase in
the bench press, and a 3.2 kg (7 lb.) increase in their squat, when compared to
placebo11. So based on the research we have to date, this is the picture of what might
happen with HMB supplementation in trained individuals.
Remember earlier that HMB has been shown to reduce catabolism. So maybe HMB
could be effective in preserving muscle mass during times of caloric restriction.
I wish I could offer a glimmer of hope here, but the science isn’t on our side. One study
found that 3g of HMB supplementation had no real effect on preventing lean mass loss
and only slightly prevented decreases in power output in trained judo athletes12.
Again, my inner scientist is frustrated because the study only lasted 3 days which makes
gleaning any real usable information difficult.
Another study that lasted 28 days also showed no benefit of HMB on muscle catabolism
in Division 1 football players13.
Currently, the amount of evidence is pretty wide but not really deep. It looks hopeful, but
more studies need to be done in a well-controlled manner to determine how much of an
effect HMB has and whether it is repeatable in well-controlled conditions.
Here is my personal opinion. Give it a shot. Take detailed notes and conduct a self
experiment. If it works run with it. If it doesn’t, move on to the next tool in your arsenal.
References
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Brad Dieter
Brad is a research scientist, nutrition coach, and aspiring Olympic
weightlifter. He received his M.S. in biomechanics and his Ph.D. in exercise
physiology. His goal is to bridge the gap between science and the public
and to bring the best information to the industry.
View all by Brad Dieter »
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