OPHTHALMOLOGY

PRACTICALS
It is simple forceps without any teeth. Serrations are present near
the tip.
Uses: (i) To hold the conjunctiva during any surgical procedure.
(ii) To tie sutures.
(iii) To hold scleral flap in trabeculectomy
(iv) To hold skin during eyelid surgery.
(v) To hold nasal mucosal flaps and lacrimal sac flaps in DCR
operation.
 ST. MARTIN’S FORCEPS
Single toothed forceps. Its used to hold tissue like
cornea and conjunctiva without crusting
 COLIBRI FORCEPS
A curved or angular forceps with fine limbs. 2 teeths at the tip.
Fine teeth with a tying platform
Uses: These are used to hold the cornea or scleral edge (of
incision) for suturing during cataract, glaucoma, repair of corneal
and/or scleral tears and keratoplasty operations.
 GLOBE FIXATION FORCEPS
It has 2 × 3 or 3 × 4 teeth at the tip. It is applied near the limbus to
hold the conjunctiva and episcleral tissue together.
Uses: (i) To fix the eyeball during operations on the eyeball. (ii) To
hold the eyeball during forced duction test.
 These are fine forceps with bent limbs.
Uses: (i)To hold the superior haptic of IOL during its placement. (ii)
To tear off the anterior capsular flap in ECCE. (iii) Can be used for
suture tying
These are a set of straight metal wires of varying thickness (size 0-
8) with blunt rounded ends and flattened central platform.
Uses: (i) To probe nasolacrimal duct in congenital blockage. (ii). To
identify the lacrimal sac during DCT and DCR operations.
.
It is used in CCC
 It is a flat metal handle with a rounded curve at one end. Tip of
the curve is knobbed. The plane of the handle is at right angle to
the curvature of the hook.
Uses: (i) To apply pressure on the limbus at the 6 O'clock position
during the delivery of lens in intracapsular cataract extraction
with Smith’s (tumbling) and capsule forceps techniques. (ii) To
express the nucleus in extracapsular cataract extraction. (iii) It can
also be used as muscle hook if the latter is not available. (v) Also
used along with wire vectis to extract out the dislocated lens.
 It is a long, narrow, thin and straight blade with a sharp tip and
cutting edge on one side. It is not used presently
Uses: (i) Previously it was used for making an abinterno
corneoscleral incision during cataract surgery and for iridectomy
operation. (ii) It is also used for fourdot iridectomy operation in
patients with iris bombe formation. (iii) For making a puncture in
pars plana area
Used in moist field. (Wet field cautery)
Uses:
Conjunctival episcleral blood vessel are cauterized
It is a toothed forceps (1 × 2 teeth) with S-shaped double curve
near the tip.
Uses: It is used to hold the superior rectus muscle while passing a
bridle suture under it; to stabilize the eyeball during any
operation such as cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, corneal
surgery, etc.
 It is made up of two limbs with three curved pins on each for
engaging the edges of the skin incision. The limbs are kept in a
retracted position with the help of a fixing screw.
Uses: It is used to retract the skin during surgery on the lacrimal
sac (e.g., DCT or DCR).
It has a single tooth. It is used to hold the eyeball.
It is called universal eye speculum because it can be used for both
eyes i.e., right as well as left. It has two limbs and a spring
mechanism with a screw to adjust the limbs.
These are available in various sizes with straight or curved tips, in
different shapes and may be with or without locking system. The
jaws of the needle holder are finely serrated to hold the fine
needles firmly. Uses: Spring type needle holders are used for
passing sutures in the conjunctiva, cornea, sclera and extraocular
muscles.
It is very light and causes minimal pressure on the eyeball. It is
also universal.
Uses: Eye speculums are used to keep the lids apart during:
Any intraocular operation such as cataract surgery and glaucoma
surgery. Any extraocular surgery e.g., squint surgery, pterygium
surgery. Enucleation and evisceration operation. Removal of
conjunctival and corneal foreign bodies. Cauterization of corneal
ulcer. Examination of the eye in a patient with blepharospasm
These are very fine delicate scissors with small cutting
blades kept apart by spring action. The blades may be
straight or curved.
Uses: (i) These are used for cutting anterior capsule of the
lens in extracapsular surgery and for cutting 10-0 nylon
sutures. (ii) For cutting inner scleral flap in trabeculectomy.
(iii) For doing pupillary sphincterotomy. (iv) For performing
iridectomy. (v) For cutting pupillary membrane
It is a spoon-shaped instrument with a central cleavage.
Use: To engage the optic nerve during enucleation.
They are stout scissors available with straight or curved blades
with sharp or blunt tips. The blades are kept apart by spring
action.
Uses: They are used as a handy alternative to plain straight and
plain curved ringed scissors for cutting and undermining
conjunctiva in various operations and to cut sutures.
It consists of a stout spring handle and two blades attached at
right angle. The upper blade has a small hole with a sharp cutting
edge. The lower blade has a cup-like depression.
Uses: It is used to enlarge the bony opening during DCR.operation
by punching the bone from margins of the opening. Carelessness
during this step can cause accidental damage to the nasal mucosa
and the nasal septum. Used to punch lacrimal or frontal bone
during DCR surgery.
It has a small, stout and flat blade with blunt tip and edges on
both sides.
Uses: It is used to remove corneal foreign body
It consists of two limbs like forceps, which can be clamped with
the help of a screw. The tip of one limb is flattened in the form of
round disc while the tip of the other arm has a small circular ring.
Usually the flat disc is applied on the skin side and ring on the
conjunctival side of the chalazion.
Uses: To fix the chalazion and achieve haemostasis during incision
and curettage.
It is a saddleshaped instrument folded on itself at one end. It is
available in two sizes: small (paediatric) and large (adult).
Uses: It is used to retract the lids during examination of the
eyeball in cases of blepharospasm in children, in cases with
marked swelling and ecchymosis, removal of corneoscleral
sutures, removal of corneal foreign body and for double eversion
of upper lid to examine the superior fornix. Advantages. Allows
continuous adjustment of the lids and width of the palpebral
aperture.
It is available in various designs, commonly used are Simcoe’s
classical or reverse cannula.
Uses: (i) For irrigation and suction of the lens matter in
extracapsular cataract extraction. (ii) Aspiration of hyphaema.
 IRIS REPOSITOR
It consists of a delicate, flat, malleable, straight or bent blade with
blunt edges and tip attached to a handle.
Uses: (i) To reposit the iris in the anterior chamber in any
intraocular surgery. (ii) To break synechiae at the pupillary margin.