Handbook On Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotive

CAMTECH/E/10-11/SIV-Loco/1.
0 1
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(For Official Use Only)
Hkkjr ljdkj GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

jsy ea=ky; MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS
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HANDBOOK ON STATIC CONVERTER OF
AC ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
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TARGET GROUP: Electric Loco Operating & Maintenance Staff
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10&11@,lvkboZ h&yksdks@1-
1- 0
CAMTECH/ E/ 10-11/ SIV-LOCO/ 1.0
vDVwcj 2010
October 2010
egkjktiqj, Xokfy;j & 474 005

Maharajpur, GWALIOR - 474 005
Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010
2 CAMTECH/E/10-11/SIV-Loco/1.0
,lh fo|qr yksdkseksfVo ds LVsfVd daoVZj ij

gLriqfLrdk
HANDBOOK ON STATIC CONVERTER OF
AC ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
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jsyksa esa ;k=h vkSj eky ;krk;kr dh c<+rh ek¡x dks iwjk
djus ds fy, xq.koRrk Áca/k Á.kkyh esa vuqla/kku]
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QUALITY POLICY
“To develop safe, modern and cost
effective Railway Technology complying
with Statutory and Regulatory
requirements, through excellence in
Research, Designs and Standards and
Continual improvements in Quality
Management System to cater to growing
demand of passenger and freight traffic on
the railways”.
October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives
CAMTECH/E/10-11/SIV-Loco/1.0 3
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fnukad % 09 uoEcj 2010 dk;Zdkjh funs’kd

FOREWORD
To overcome the problem of voltage imbalance of 3 phase supply and lower efficiency of
ARNO converters, 180 kVA static converters have been introduced on Indian Railways.
These converters are designed using state of the art technology with in-built fault
management system and its storage in real time. Since this technology is comparatively new,
need has been felt for a handbook to disseminate basic knowledge about the system among the
electric loco driving crew and maintenance personnel.
CAMTECH has prepared this handbook which describes important features of the
converter, various sub-assemblies, technical specifications, fault indications/ displays, important
modifications etc.
I am sure this document will be very useful for our electric loco pilots, maintenance staff
in electric loco sheds and workshops.
CAMTECH, GWALIOR S.C. SINGHAL

DATE : 09th November 2010 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

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dUoVZj dks WCAM-3 yksdkseksfVo esa Á;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA orZeku esa fprjatu yksdkseksfVo
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LVsfVd dUoVZj yxs gq, fo|qr batuksa dh la[;k yxHkx ckjg lkS gSA
LVsfVd dUoVZj lHkh vkWDthyjh eksVjksa ,oa cSVjh pktZj dks 415 oksYV ± 5%] 50
gVZt] 3Qst] fLFkj ,lh lIykbZ Ánku djrk gSA ;g xSj eksVj yksM ¼LVsfVd midj.kksa½
dks Hkh 415 oksYV flaxy Qst ,lh lIykbZ Ánku djrk gSA orZeku esas lhesUl] vkWVksehVj]
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fnukad % 08 uoEcj 2010
fnuka la- funs’kd ¼fo|qr½

PREFACE
The first static converter was used in WCAM – 3 locomotives jointly developed by RDSO
and BHEL in 1997. Presently CLW is manufacturing only static converter fitted electric
locomotives. At present the population of electric locomotives equipped with static converters is
approximate 1200.
Static converter gives constant 415 Volts ±5%, 50 Hz, three phase, AC supply to all
auxiliary motors and to battery charger. It also gives 415 volts single phase AC to non-motor
loads (static devices). At present static converters are being manufactured and supplied by
SIEMENS, AAL, MEDHA, HIRECT, Bombardier and ABB.
This handbook on Static Converter has been prepared by CAMTECH with the objective to
disseminate basic knowledge of the converter and its associated circuits with modifications.
It is clarified that this handbook does not supersede any existing provisions laid down by
RDSO or Railway Board/ Zonal Railways/ OEMs. The handbook is for guidance only and it is
not a statutory document.
I am sincerely thankful to all field personnel who helped us in preparing this handbook.
Technological upgradation and learning is a continuous process. Hence feel free to write
us for any addition/ modification in this handbook. We shall highly appreciate your contribution
in this direction.
CAMTECH, GWALIOR PEEYOOSH GUPTA

DATE: 08th November 2010 Jt. DIRECTOR ELECTRICAL
direlcamtech@gmail.com

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2.0 LVsfVd dUoZVj ds Qk;ns 02
3.0 gVk, x, midj.k 02
4-0 yxk, x, u;s midj.k 02
5-0 ,lvkboh iSuy ij fMLIys ,oa ladsrd 03
5-1 ,ybZMh ladsrd 03
5.2 dk;kZRed iSjkehVj dk Án’kZu 03
5.3 QkWYV dksM dk çn’kZu 04
6.0 LVsfVd dUoVZj ij Hkkj 05
7.0 flLVe vlsEcyh 06
8.0 flLVe CykWd Mk;xzke 08
9.0 rduhdh fo’ks"krk,sa 09
9.1 buiqV 09
9.2 vkÅViqV 09
9.3 lkekU; 10
10.0 dk;Z fl)kar 10
11.0 lqj{kk 12
11.1 vkWDthyjh okbfUMax dk [kqyk ifjiFk 12
11.2 dUoVZj esa ¶;wt QSY;ksj 13
11.3 FkeZy vksojyksfMax 13
11.4 Mhlh fyad esa mPp@fuEu oksYVst 13
11.5 dUVªksy bySDVªksfuDl dh ikoj lIykbZ dk QSY;ksj 13
11.6 {kf.kd ,oa ltZ lqj{kk 13
11.7 vf/kd@ de buiqV oksYVst 13
11.8 vf/kd buiqV djUV 13
11.9 vf/kd@ de vkmViqV oksYVst 13
11.10 vf/kd vkmViqV djUV 13
11.11 vkmViqV ij 'kkWVZ lfdZV 14
11.12 vFkZ yhdst 14
11.13 flaxy Qsft+ax 14
CONTENTS
Item No. Description Page No.
Foreword iv
Preface vi
Contents viii
Correction Slip xii
1.0 INTRODUCTION 01
2.0 ADVANTAGES OF STATIC CONVERTER 02
3.0 EQUIPMENT REMOVED 02
4.0 NEW EQUIPMENT PROVIDED 02
5.0 DISPLAYS AND INDICATIONS ON SIV PANEL 03
5.1 Led Indications 03
5.2 Display of Functional Parameters 03
5.3 Display of Fault Codes 04
6.0 LOADS ON STATIC CONVERTER 05
7.0 SYSTEM ASSEMBLIES 06
8.0 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM 08
9.0 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 09
9.1 Input 09
9.2 Output 09
9.3 General 10
10.0 WORKING PRINCIPLE 10
11.0 PROTECTIONS 12
11.1 Open Circuit in Auxiliary Winding 12
11.2 Fuse Failure in Converter 13
11.3 Thermal Overloading 13
11.4 High/Low Voltage in DC Link 13
11.5 Failure of Power Supply to Control Electronics 13
11.6 Transient & Surge Protection 13
11.7 Input Over/Under Voltage 13
11.8 Input Over Current 13
11.9 Output Over/Under Voltage 13
11.10 Output Over Current 13
11.11 Short Circuit at Output 14
11.12 Earth Leakage 14
11.13 Single Phasing 14

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12.2 lhesUl çksVsD’ku lsfVaXl 15
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13.2 buiqV iksVsaf’k;y Vªk¡lQkWeZj 16
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13.4 Mhlh fyad oksYVst Vªk¡lM~;l w j 16
13.5 pkSij djUV Vªk¡lQkWeZj 16
13.6 vkÅViqV djUV Vªk¡lQkWeZj 16
13.7 vkÅViqV iksVsaf’k;y Vªk¡lQkWeZj 17
13.8 ’kwU; djUV Vªk¡lQkWeZj 17
14.0 fu;a=.k ifjiFk esa egRoiw.kZ la’kks/ku 17
14.1 D;w lh vks ,u fjys 17
14.2 D;w ,l vkbZ Vh fjys 17
14.3 D;w,loh,e fjys 18
14.4 D;wVhMh 101 vkSj D;w 119 fjys 18
14.5 flXufyax ySEi ifjiFk 21
14.6 LVsfVd dUoVZj dk fu;a=.k ifjiFk 21
14.7 ,pvkj,ohVh fLop 21
15.0 ifjpkyu funsZ’k 22
15.1 bujtkbZt+ djus dh fof/k 22
15.2 Cyksvjksa dks cUn djuk 22
15.3 dk;kZRed fjyksa dk ijh{k.k 22
16.0 vuqj{k.k 'ksM~;wy ¼lhesUl ,llhMh½ 23
17.0 =qfV fuokj.k 25
17.1 ,ybMh fMLIys ds vuqlkj =qfV fuokj.k 25
17.2 LVsfVd bUoVZj ds fVªfiax QSY;ksj 26
18.0 egRoiw.kZ funsZ’k 28
19.0 vko’;d vkSt+kj rFkk midj.k 29
20.0 D;k djsa vkSj D;k u djsa ¼vuqj{k.k ds nkSjku½ 30
20.1 D;k djsa 30
20.2 D;k u djsa 31
21.0 lkekU; fn’kkfunsZ’k 31
lUnHkZ 32

Item No. Description Page No.
12.0 PROTECTION SETTINGS 14

12.1 AAL Protection Settings 14
12.2 Siemens Protection Settings 15
13.0 SENSORS 16
13.1 Input Current Transformer (ACCT) 16
13.2 Input Potential Transformer (ACPT 1) 16
13.3 DC Link Current Transducer (DCCT) 16
13.4 DC Link Voltage Transducer (DCPT) 16
13.5 Chopper Current Transducer (CHCT) 16
13.6 Output Current Transformer (ACCT1/ACCT2/ACCT3) 16
13.7 Output Potential Transformer (ACPT2) 17
13.8 Zero Current Transformers (ZCT 1 & 2) 17
14.0 IMPORTANT MODIFICATIONS IN CONTROL CIRCUIT 17
14.1 QCON Relay 17
14.2 QSIT Relay 17
14.3 QSVM Relay 18
14.4 QTD 101 and Q 119 Relay 18
14.5 Signaling Lamp Circuit 21
14.6 Static Converter Control Circuit 21
14.7 HRAVT Switch 21
15.0 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 22
15.1 Procedure for Energisation 22
15.2 Stopping of Blowers 22
15.3 Testing of Functional Relays 22
16.0 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES (Siemens SCD) 23
17.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING 25
17.1 Trouble Shooting as per Display LEDs 25
17.2 Tripping Failures of Static Converter 26
18.0 IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS 28
19.0 TOOLS & INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED 29
20.0 DO’S AND DON’TS (DURING MAINTENANCE) 30
20.1 Do’s 30
20.2 Don’ts 31
21.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES 31
REFERENCES 33

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ISSUE OF CORRECTION SLIPS
The correction slips to be issued in future for this handbook will be numbered as
follows :
CAMTECH/E/10-11/SIV-LOCO/C.S. # XX date---------
Where “XX” is the serial number of the concerned correction slip (starting from 01
onwards).
CORRECTION SLIPS ISSUED
Sr. No. Date of issue Page no. and Item Remarks

no. modified

1.0 ÁLrkouk@INTRODUCTION
Indian Railway introduced 180 kVA static converters to replace ARNO converter to
over come the problem of voltage unbalance of 3 phase supply of ARNO converter and
lower efficiency of ARNO system.
The first static converter was used in WCAM – 3 locomotives jointly developed by
RDSO and BHEL in 1997. This converter was supplied by ACEC. In late nineties
SIEMENS provided 8 nos 180 KVA static converters in conventional locomotives at ELS /
NCR / CNB. Presently CLW is manufacturing only static converter fitted electric
locomotives. At present the population of electric locomotives equipped with static
converters is approximate 1200.
Static converter gives constant 415 Volts ±5%, 50 Hz, 3Ø AC supply to all auxiliary
motors and to battery charger. It also gives 415 volts 1Ø AC to non-motor loads (static
devices). At present static converters are being manufactured and supplied by SIEMENS,
AAL, MEDHA, HIRECT, Bombardier and ABB.
This unit is being designed & manufactured in accordance with RDSO specification
no. ELRS/ SPEC/ SI/ 0018 (REV.1) March, 2006 & amendment – 1 dtd. 05.02.2009 for
electric locomotives. Further RDSO issued report no. RDSO/ 2007/ EL/ IR/ 0126 Rev. ‘0’
dated January 2008 on “Standardization of 180 kVA Static Inverter of Electric
Locomotive”.
AAL SIV SIEMENS SIV

2.0 LVsfVd dUoZ

dUoZVj ds Qk;ns@ADVANTAGES OF STATIC CONVERTER
• State-of-art technology with high efficiency (>90%).
• Stable output voltage (415 ± 5%) & frequency (50Hz ± 3%) irrespective of OHE
Variations.
• All the three phase output voltages are balanced resulting in balanced supply to the
loads.
• Output voltage & current THD < 5%. No overheating / counter torque problems.
Standard motors can be used, leading to higher efficiency & power factor.
• Soft starting of loads possible resulting in reduced system over loading.
• In-built fault management system with storage of faults monitoring, with real time
clock and traces.
• Various problems of auxiliary machines are reduced due to regulated and balanced
supply voltage.
• Inbuilt protections (viz. overload, single phasing, short circuit) for safety of loads.
• Minimum Maintenance.
• Life of 3Ø E.M. contactors increases since operated on ‘OFF’ load.
• Higher system reliability due to elimination of time delay relays, C118, R118 etc.
• Noise less smooth operation.
• No switching surges due to soft starting feature.
• Power losses minimized during startup due to soft starting feature.
3.0 gVk, x, midj.k@EQUIPMENT REMOVED

a) ARNO, C118, R118, QCVAR, HQCVAR, QOA, HQOA, QLA, Q100, HCHBA,
CHBA, TFVT(220V/ 110V), QTD 105 & QTD 106, Fuse CCVT 6A .
4-0 yxk, x, u;s midj.k@NEW EQUIPMENT PROVIDED

b) Static converter (Rectifier, Inverter, BA charger and Sine Filter are the parts of
SIV)
c) a0, a8 bushings of TFWA are used to get 830 V, 1phase AC supply.
d) QTD 101 time delay relay of 5 sec (cab-2 back panel) for delayed starting of
compressors.
e) Contactor C-108 (in contactor panel) for 3 Ø AC supply to MVRF.
f) QCON (in relay panel) for checking the functioning of static converter.
g) QSIT (in relay panel) for tripping of DJ whenever static converter trips.
h) CCINV fuse 6 amps (in switch panel) for converter electronics.
i) LSSIT (on loco Pilots desk) indication lamp for static converter tripping.
j) QSVM (2 seconds time delay) relay for soft starting of blowers.
k) HRAVT switch (in switch panel) related to cab heaters, cab fans, NR and walkie-
talkie charger.
l) HSIV switch (in switch panel) for bypassing of earth fault during permanent earth
fault.
m) RSIV 1500 Ohms, 500 Watts

n) TFVT 415V/110V
o) Fuse CCVT 3A
p) Two Capacitors across a0-a8 each of 1mfd, 2000V in series with midpoint earthed.
5.0 ,lvkboh iSuy ij fML

fMLIys ,oa ladsrd@
d@DISPLAYS & INDICATIONS ON SIV PANEL
5.1 ,ybZMh ladsrd@Led Indications
Following set of status indication LEDs are provided for the driving crew information:
S.No. Description LED Remarks

Colour
1. SI unit OK Green The indication is ‘ON’, when there is no fault in
the SIV.
2. Input voltage Red The indication is ‘OFF’, when the input voltage is
in range within the operating range.
3. Internal fault Red The indication in ‘ON’, when fault occurs inside
the SIV.
4. External fault Red The indication is ‘ON’, when fault occurs on the
input/ load side including faults such as Earth fault,
Output single phasing, Over load, etc.
5. CHBA OK Green The indication is ‘ON’ (and LSCHBA lamp is
‘OFF’) when the battery charger unit is working.
6. Earth fault by Red The indication is ‘ON’, when earth fault is in
pass lamp bypassed mode.
5.2 dk;kZRed iSjkehVj dk Án’k

Án’kZ
’kZu@
u@ Display of Functional Parameters
Following parameters are displayed with the instantaneous value one after another
on LCD/ VFD panel:
S.No. Parameter Displayed as Remarks

1. Input/ DC link voltage XXX
2. Input / DC link current XXX
3. Output voltage XXX Line to line voltage
4. Output current XXX Line current
5. CHBA voltage XXX CHBA voltage shown by separate
meter is also acceptable.
6. CHBA current XXX CHBA current shown by separate
meter is also acceptable.
• The text describing the parameter is followed by the numerical value of the parameter.
• In event of a fault in the system, the parameter displayed is replaced by the fault
display on the panel.

5.3 QkWYV dksM dk çn’kZu@ Display of Fault Codes

In event of a fault occurring in the SIV due to any reason (internal or external) the
same will be displayed on the display panel.
• The faults will remain displayed till the operator/ driver acknowledges them by
pressing the acknowledgement key.
• Once reset button is pressed or 110V DC battery power supply to converter is switched
OFF & ON, the fault display will be reset and functional parameters will be displayed.
The following fault code will be displayed according to the fault.
S.N Fault displayed as Fault description

1. Input Fuse failure In case the input fuse is blown due to high current drawn.
2. Input voltage high Input voltage exceeding upper limit.
3. Input voltage low Input voltage drops below limit.
4. DC link/ Input current Excess current flowing in the DC Bus or input high
high current conditions persisting.
5. DC link voltage high DC link voltage exceeds upper limit.
6. DC Link low voltage DC Link voltage drops below lower limit.
7. Output current high In case of output high current conditions persisting.
8. Output voltage high Output voltage exceeding upper limit.
9. Output voltage low Output voltage drops below lower limit.
10. Earth fault In event of earth fault at input/ output of SIV.
11. Single phase fault Unbalance/ single phasing at the output.
12. Blower fault Failure of blower for cooling.
13. CHBA fault Battery Charger fault.
14. Rectifier fault In event of fault in Rectifier section.
15. Inverter fault In event of fault in inverter section.
16. Chopper fault In event of fault in chopper section (If design includes
chopper).
17. Over temperature Any temperature sensing device operated in the Rectifier
and inverter sections.
18. Power supply fault In event of failure of any of the electronic/ control power
supply.
19. Chopper current high Chopper section current exceeds upper limit (If design
includes chopper).
20. CHBA current high Battery charger current limit exceeded.
21. CHBA voltage high Battery Charger voltage exceeding upper limit.
22. CHBA voltage low Battery Charger voltage drops below lower limit.
23. CHBA temp high Battery Charger temperature exceeds upper limit.
24. No synchronization/ Communication fault in software.
Communication Error

6.0 LVsfVd dUoVZj ij Hkkj@LOADS ON STATIC CONVERTER

Converter is designed to feed following loads as given in the following table.
S.No. Code Name of Auxiliary Rating Rated Starting

Machine (kW) Current at Current at
415V (A) 415V (A)
1. MVSI 1 & 2 Motor for silicon 2 × 2.2 2 × 4.7 2 × 32.4
rectifier cooling blowers
1&2
2. MVSL 1 & 2 Motor for smoothing 2 × 2.2 2 × 4.7 2 × 32.4
rectifier cooling blowers
1&2
3. MPH Motor for transformer 3.2 7.0 36.5
oil pump
4. MCP 1 & 2 or Motor for main 2 × 20.5 2 × 43.13 2 × 328.7
MCP 1, 2 & 3 compressors (2000 lpm)
Motor for main
compressors (1000 lpm) 3 × 10.5 3 × 23.1 3 × 154.85
5. MVRH Motor for main 22.0 41.33 278.5

transformer cooling
blower
6. MVMT 1 & 2 Motor for traction motor 2 × 26 2 × 47.43 2 × 309
cooling blowers 1 & 2
7. CHBA Battery charger and 2.5 7.0 7.0
other load
8. MVRF DBR blower 33.0 63.0 380.0

7.0 flLVe vlsEcyh@SYSTEM ASSEMBLIES (Siemens SCD)
Text Display
Reset Switch
Indication Lamps
Voltmeter and
Ammeter
Text Display MCB for Cooling

(Rear) Fan
Text Display Volt and Ampere

power supply Meter
O/P Voltage
sensors SIBCOS M 1300
I/P Volt sensors

I/P ELR
Input Fuse O/P ELR
Input Isolator Battery Charger

Output
1 Ph. Input
3 Ph. Output
Input ZCT
Output ZCT

Sine Filter Capacitor
Transformer Commutation choke
DC Link Choke
Output Sine Filter Output Sine Filter

Choke Choke
DC Link Current
Sensor
Internal
Rectifier Module
churning fan
Crowbar Circuit
Battery Charger
Output Current Sensor
Inverter Module PWR 2
Inverter Module PWR 1
Internal churning fan
Cooling Fan

8.0 flLVe CykWd Mk;xzke@

e@SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
RECTIFIER INVERTER
+
∼ DC
AC = 3Φ
1Φ
AC AC
∼
DC AC
= -
RECTIFIER INVERTER BLOWER
INPUT
760/830/860V, 50Hz SINE FILTER
NOMINAL
OUTPUT 1
3AC 415V, 50Hz
180kVA
OUTPUT 2
110V DC
2.2 kW
BATTERY
CHARGER
SIBCOS CONTROLLER
Siemens Single Cubicle design

9.0 rduhdh fo’ks"krk,sa@TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

9.1 buiqV@ Input
Nominal voltage : AC single phase, 760V / 830V

(corresponding to catenary voltage of
22.5KV)
Min. voltage continuous : 642 V AC
Max. Voltage continuous : 1014 V AC
Min. voltage at which converter trips on : < 591V AC

under voltage
Max. Voltage beyond which converter : 1150V AC

trips on over voltage
Input voltage range for which guaranteed : 642 V to 1014 V AC

converter performance is available
Input voltage range for which guaranteed : 591V to 642V on lower side 1014V to
converter performance is not available 1150V on higher side
but converter will not trip on either under
voltage or over voltage
Power factor : ≥ 0.8 (At rated conditions)
Input frequency : 50 ± 3 Hz
9.2 vkÅViq
vkÅViqV@Output
Output power : 180 kVA, 0.8 pf (lag) at nominal operation
Overload (short time) : 200% for 5 sec. (360 kVA & current limit of 600A)
Voltage 1 (AC output) : AC 415V ± 5%, 3 phase system (fundamental at nominal

continuous rated input voltage between 642 - 1014V)
Frequency : 50Hz ± 3%
Waveform : Sine wave
THD in voltage : ≤ 10% (up to 20th harmonic)
Efficiency : ≥ 92% (At nominal input voltage & rated load)
Voltage 2 (DC output) : DC 110 V ± 5%, 20 A for battery charger

[less than ± 5% current ripple (rms) at full load and at
nominal continuous rated input voltage of 642 - 1014V]

9.3 lkekU;@General
Ambient temperature : 0º C to 70º C (max. 55ºC inside loco)
Humidity : Upto 100% during rainy season (90% at 55ºC)
Altitude : Upto 1200 m above mean sea level
Dust : 1.6 mg/ cub m, max. Ph 8.5
Audible noise : 80 dB (A) at 1meter distance from cubicle as per

IEC1287-1.
Display & communication : Vacuum fluorescent display and RS-232 port for
data logging.
Control voltage : DC 110 V
10.0 dk;Z fl)kar@WORKING PRINCIPLE

The converter generates 415V, 3 phase, 50Hz output from 760V / 830V, 1 phase,
50Hz input which is available from the main locomotive transformer. General schematic of
the converter is shown below.
The static converter is made using a half controlled single phase bridge rectifier at
the input, a DC link filter and a three phase IGBT based PWM inverter. All functions of the
converter are controlled through 32 bits Digital signal processor (DSP) together with an
EPLD & host of digital gates and analog amplifiers.

The converter consists of following sub-modules:
A. Input Section
B. Rectifier Section
C. DC Link Filter & Over Voltage Chopper
D. Inverter Section
E. Output Section
A. Input Section
The input section consists of input fuse (MF), Metal oxide varistors and input
bus bar. Input fuse is used to protect the converter and for ensuring safe operation of
the converter under worst input conditions. Metal oxide varistors (MOV) are used to
protect the converter from surges.
B. Rectifier Section
The rectifier section is made

L
using a half controlled single phase
SR1 2P
TM1
bridge rectifier. This consists of a K SC3
K
half controlled bridge rectifier, made DM1
SR3 2P
up of 2 thyristors and 2 diodes. A
A
When the input AC voltage is SC1
positive, one of the thyristors is fired C

with a predetermined delay. It starts
SC2
conducting and the voltage of the TM2
SR4 2P
K
DC link rises. The current continues DM2 K
SR2 2P
to flow due to the DC link reactor,

A
until the input voltage changes A
SC4
polarity and the other thyristor is

fired. Now, the other thyristor with
the corresponding diode takes over
the current. The rectifier circuit
converts single-phase AC input
voltage into DC voltage of desired
level (760 volts).
The main controller

maintains the DC link voltage at a
preset value by controlling the
firing angle of the thyristors. A PI
controller is used to determine the
firing angle. If the DC link voltage
is lower than desired voltage, the
firing angle will be small and if the
DC link voltage is higher than the
desired voltage, the firing angle
will be increased. RC snubber circuit is provided across each thyristors and diode’s
to protect against high dv / dt experience by devices.

C. DC Link Filter & Over Voltage Chopper
The DC link filter consist of DC link choke (FL) and DC link capacitors
(FC). DC link choke and capacitors provided at the output of the rectifier to reduce
the ripples in the DC link voltage that is fed to the inverter.
The over voltage chopper is made-up of an IGBT switch with a resistor and
an anti-parallel diode. The IGBT switches the resistor on and off in the DC circuit if
the DC voltage exceeds a preset value. The chopper dissipates the extra energy and
protects the system from over voltage, especially during transients at start-up.
D. Inverter Circuit
The Inverter consists of six IGBT modules. IGBT modules are configured as
a 3-phase bridge circuits. The bridge is made up of three identical phase branches
and each branch consists of two IGBTs.
The DC link voltage is converted into PWM sinusoidal waves by switching

IGBTs at a high frequency. The width of the individual pulses in the PWM wave
determines the amplitude of the output voltage and the width of the pulse block
determines the output frequency.
As the system is a constant voltage, constant frequency system, the output

frequency is maintained at 50Hz and the PI controller receives an output voltage
feedback in order to keep the voltage constant too. The final stage is responsible for
generation of switching signals utilizing Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
(SVPWM) technology.
State-of-the-art space vector PWM technique has been adopted in the design
of inverter software as this technology is more flexible & adapts to wider variations
in the input DC link voltages. For better regulation of the output voltage,
proportional integrated control has been used.
E. Output LC Filter
The Inverter output voltage is PWM, which is converter into sine wave by
using output filter. It consists of 3 phases AC Choke (ACL) and 3 phases Capacitor
(ACC).
11.0 lqj{kk@PROTECTIONS
The Static converter is equipped with circuits to protect itself and its load from all
disturbances. Its operation is stopped by all fault conditions.
11.1 vkWDthyjh okbfUMax dk [kqyk ifjiFk@Open Circuit in Auxiliary Winding

This circuit detects that input voltage is too low or completely absent. It is practically
the protection from input under voltage.

11.2 dUoVZj esa ¶;wt QSY;ks

Y;ksj@
Y; j@Fuse Failure in Converter
This circuit monitors the signals from the fuse contacts and if a fuse blows the
converter is tripped.
11.3 FkeZy vksojyksfMax@Thermal Overloading

Temperature sensors are mounted on the heat sinks of the rectifier unit and the
inverter unit. If the temperature of the heat sink exceeds a predetermined level, a fault signal
is sent to the main controller. The operation of inverter is stopped. The circuit resumes
operation automatically when the temperature returns to normal.
11.4 Mhlh fyad esa mPp@fuEu

mPp@fuEu oksYVst@High/Low Voltage in DC Link
A voltage sensor monitors the DC link voltage. If DC link voltage is too high or too
low, the main controller shuts down the converter.
11.5 dUVªksy byS

bySDVªksfuDl dh ikoj lIykbZ dk QSY;ks
Y;ksj@
Y; j@Failure of Power Supply to
Control Electronics
The main controller monitors the power supply. If a failure is detected, the main
controller blocks the gate signals of IGBTs and thyristors.
11.6 {kf.kd ,oa ltZ lqj{kk@

{kk@Transient & Surge Protection
Voltage surge suppressor is provided at the input.
11.7 vf/kd@ de buiqV oksYVst@Input Over/Under Voltage

The main controller monitors input voltage continuously. The sensor is located at the
input of the rectifier circuit. In case the input voltage exceeds the predetermined value of
under voltage or over voltage, an alarm signal is given to the main controller, which initiates
adequate protective operation. When the input voltage returns to normal, the inverter
resumes normal operation.
11.8 vf/kd buiqV djUV@ Input Over Current
The current sensors are also installed at the input of the rectifier circuit. Whenever
the input current exceeds the predetermined value, a fault signal is sent to the main
controller to initiate required protection.
11.9 vf/kd@ de vkmViqV oksYVst@Output Over/Under Voltage

The voltage of the filter capacitors is monitored continuously by the main controller.
In case the output voltage exceeds the predetermined value of over voltage or under voltage,
a fault signal is sent to the main controller to initiate the protective operation. The main
controller immediately switches off the inverter.
11.10 vf/kd vkmViqV djUV@Output over Current

The output of the inverter is protected against overload. Whenever the output current
exceeds the predetermined value, a fault signal is sent to the main controller to initiate
required protection.

11.11 vkmViqV ij 'kkWVZ lf

lfdZV@ Short Circuit at Output
The output of the inverter is protected against short circuit. Whenever the output
current exceeds the predetermined value, the main controller initiates required protection.
Under short circuit conditions, a fast current limit protects the power semi-conductors in the
3-phase Inverter Bridge.
11.12 vFkZ yhdst@ Earth Leakage

In case the earth leakage detector has detected an earth leakage current, an earth fault
is initiated and the inverter trips.
11.13 flaxy Qsft+ax@Single Phasing

The single phasing protection is automatically available in the inverter through the
over current protection. If the output current of the inverter exceeds the predetermined limit
due to single phasing, then the inverter will trip.
12.0 lqj{kk lsfVax@PROTECTION SETTINGS

12.1 ,,,y çksVsD’ku lsfVaXl@ AAL Protection Settings
Sr. No Parameter Setting Limit
1 Input Over Voltage 1150 +/- 20 V
2 Input Under Voltage 550 +/- 20 V
3 DC Link Over Voltage 950 V
4 DC Link Under Voltage 450 V
5 Output Over Voltage 540 V
6 Output Under Voltage 350 V
7 Input Over Current (Instantaneous) 1300 + / - 25 A
8 Input Over Load 500 A
9 Output Over Current (Instantaneous) 1300 + / - 25 A
10 Output Over Load 450 A for 10 sec
11 DC Link Over Current 1120 A
12 Chopper Over Current 150 A
13 Earth Leakage Detection Fault 300 +/- 50 mA
14 Output Single Phasing Fault 60 + / - 3 A
15 Over Temperature 105 0 C
16 Battery Charger Boost Voltage 114 V
17 Battery Charger Float Voltage 107 V
18 Battery Charger Boost Current 8A
19 Battery Charger Float Current 2-4A

12.2 lhesUl çksVsD’ku lsfVaXl@ Siemens Protection Settings

Sr. Name of protection When protection will be activated Indication
No. lamp glows
1. Input under voltage input voltage < 591 V AC H1
2. Input over voltage input voltage > 1150 V AC H1
3. Input Isolator open input isolator is not closed properly H2
4. Input fuse failure input fuse is blown H2
5. Input earth fault Earth fault is within the converter & fault H2
current exceeds 300mA
6. Rectifier over load/ Rectifier current exceeds 310A / 1 min or H3
over current 600A/ 5s or 950A/ 1.25 ms
7. Rectifier over Rectifier heat sink temperature exceeds 85 H2
temperature deg C
8. DC Link under voltage DC link voltage < 300V/500µs or 450V/ 3s H2
9. DC Link Over voltage DC link voltage > 850V/ 3s H2
10. Crowbar active DC link voltage > 1020V/500µs H2
11. Inverter Heat sink Inverter heat sink temperature exceeds 85 H2
over temperature deg C
12. SIBCOS M2000 over SIBCOS M2000 temperature exceeds 78 H2
temperature deg C
13. CAN Error No CAN communication with Master H2
Controller
14. IGBT Short circuit Short circuit or over current with very steep H2
(Uce) rate of rise
15. Inverter overload/ Any of the Inverter line current >310A/ 5s H3
over current or 700A/ 500µs
16. Inverter fault Any of the fault in Inverter is activated H2
17. Output overload/ over Output current > 600A/ 5s H3
current
18. Output single phasing Single phasing in inverter output H3
19. Output earth fault Earth fault is outside the converter (on the H3
load side) & fault current exceeds 300mA
20. Battery Charger Output of the battery charger is short -
output short circuit circuited
21. Battery charger Battery charging current limited to 8A & -
current limit total current limited to 20A
22. Battery charger heat Battery charger heat sink temperature -
sink over temp. exceeds 85 deg C
23. Cooling fan failure Fan/ Isolation transformer MCB trips due H2
to problem in the fan
24. Reverse polarity for Control supply with reverse polarity is -
control electronics connected to the interface WAGO terminals

13.0 lsalj ¼, , ,y½@SENSORS (AAL)

13.1 buiqV djUV Vªk¡lQkWeZj@Input Current Transformer (ACCT)
The Input Current Transformer (ACCT) is use to measure
the input current. It is located near to input section / Fuse. Its ratio
is 800 / 1 Amp. A burden resistor of 6 Ώ is always connected
across its terminals.
13.2 buiqV iksVsaf’k;y Vªk¡lQkWeZj@Input Potential Transformer (ACPT 1)

The Input Potential Transformer (ACPT 1) is use to measure
the input voltage. It is located at RFU section area. Its ratio is 1300/
7.22 volts.
13.3 Mhlh fyad djUV Vªk¡lM~;wlj@DC Link Current Transducer (DCCT)

The DC Link Current Transducer (DCCT) is use to measure
the DC link current.
13.4 Mhlh fyad oksYVst Vªk¡lM~;wlj@DC Link Voltage Transducer (DCPT)

The DC Link Voltage Transducer (DCPT) is use to measure
the DC link voltage. It is located at RFU section area.
13.5 pkSij djUV Vªk¡lQkWeZj@Chopper Current Transducer (CHCT)

The Chopper Current Transducer (CHCT) is use to measure
the Chopper current.
13.6 vkÅViqV djUV

djUV Vªk¡lQkWeZj@Output Current Transformers
(ACCT1 / ACCT2 / ACCT3)
The Output Current Transformers (ACCT1 / ACCT2 /

ACCT3 ) are use to measure the output current. These are located
near to output section. Its ratio is 800 / 1 Amp. A burden resistor of
6 Ώ is always connected across its terminals.

13.7 vkÅViqV iksVsaf’k;y Vªk¡lQkWeZj@Output Potential Transformer (ACPT 2)

The Output Potential Transformer (ACPT 2) is use to
measure the output voltage. It is located at RFU section area. Its
ratio is 600/ 7.22 volts.
13.8 ’kwU; djUV Vªk¡lQkWeZj@Zero Current Transformers (ZCT 1 & 2)

The Zero Current Transformer are use to measure the Input
leakage current (ZCT 1) and Output leakage current (ZCT 2). They
are located near Input section and Output section respectively.
14.0 fu;a=.k ifjiFk esa egRoiw.kZ la’kks/ku@

IMPORTANT MODIFICATIONS IN CONTROL CIRCUIT
14.1 D;w
D;w lh vks ,u fjys@ QCON Relay
This relay is used to give the indication
that converter output voltage is fully developed 700
i.e. 3 phase AC, 415V. The battery negative is CCINV
directly connected to the relay and positive (wire 6A
no.700) is routed through potential free contact of
converter. When the converter is in “OFF”
condition, the potential free contact is also open
means QCON relay not in energized condition.
But when converter is in “ON” condition and
QSVM
develops full voltage, the potential free contact

QSVM
2"
closes and positive path to QCON relay

completed and relay energized. Two NO contact
of QCON is used in control logic of compressor
QV60
QV60
circuit, which ensure that compressor will start

only after converter fully developed voltage.
6" CON ON
SIV
BV
D;w ,l vkbZ Vh fjys@QSIT Relay

INVERTER
TRIP
14.2 STATUS
This relay is used to give the indication

that there are some fault (internal/ external) due to
which converter is tripped. This relay also opens
the DJ. The battery negative is directly connected
to the relay and positive (wire no.700) is routed QSIT QCON
through potential free contact of converter. When [-B]
the converter is in “OFF” condition, the potential
free contact is also open means QSIT relay not in energized condition. But if the converter
trips three consecutive times due to any reason internal/ external (except fuse fault) then on
fourth time this potential free contact will close and complete the positive path and QSIT
relay energizes. Two NC contacts of QSIT are used in control logic of DJ circuit branch,
which opens the DJ, and make impossible to close DJ till we reset the converter. Resetting
can be done by pressing the reset switch provided in MCU card or Reset switch provided
near SIV “ON” switch. But the easy way to resetting is just switch “OFF /ON” the HBA.

14.3 D;w,loh,e fjys@ QSVM Relay

This relay is used for automatic operation of converter,
DJ
even when driver switch “ON” BLVMT after converter fully
D39
“ON”. This is a time delay relay (2 sec ON delay timer) and
BL1VMT
BL2VMT
provided in MVMT branch. The battery negative is directly
connected to the relay and positive (wire no. 700) is routed
501/1
through BLVMT switch. One normally open (NO) interlock is B 10 B 10
given in contactors C105, C106 and C107 control circuit. B 10 B 10
501/1
One normally open (NO) interlock of timer relay
QSVM
QSVM is added in parallel to it’s normally close (NC) 2"
501
instantaneous interlock in positive 110 volts circuit routed to
B
converter. After implementation of the modification, if driver R
operates the BLVMT switch after converter “ON” then static CTF 1
converter will “OFF” first then MVMT 1, 2 and MVRH

contactor (C105, C106 and C107) will close and converter re- HVRH HVMT1 HVMT2
1 2 1 2 1 2
start after 2 sec. 0 3 0 3 0 3
510
501
502
QSVM 2"
D;wVhMh 101 vkSj D;w 119 fjys@
C 107
C 106
C 105
14.4
QTD 101 and Q119 Relay MVMT1 MVMT2
These relays are time delay relays (5 sec delay timer) and provided in control logic
of compressor circuit. The battery negative is directly connected to the relay and positive
(wire no. 700) is routed through BLCP / BLCPD switch & QCON relay normally close
(NO) interlocks for QTD101 and through NC contacts of C101, C102 and C103 for Q119.
CCA
z 6A
C 101
BL2CP
BL1CP
TO VEF CKT C 102

CUT OUT AT 9.5 kg/sq cm
CUT IN AT 8.0 kg/sq cm
BL2CPD
BL1CPD
C 103 Q 119
5"
RGCP
B7 B7
B7 B7
D 19 D 19
D 19 D 19
Q CON Q CON
QTD 101
5"
Q119
5" 15
3 7 11
123
0 23
1 13
1 5 9 13
2 12
3
HCP
VEAD
MAGNET VALVE
QTD 101 5"

AUTO DRAW
C 103
C 102
C 101
Q 119
VEUL -1
VFUL -2
VEUL -3
5"
[-B]
MCP1 MCP2 MCP3

700
CCDJ
6A D3 D3
D3 D3
Q30 Q45 C105
CCINV BP1DJ BL2SN
6A QVMT1 HVMT1
BL1SN
C106
QVMT2 HVMT2
BL2DJ
BL1DJ
BL1 BV BL2
HVSI-1
QVSI-1
1 0 2 1 0 2 C107
GR 0
QVRH HVRH
CAMTECH/E/10-11/SIV-Loco/1.0
ZPT 1 ZPT 2
QCON
QVSI-2
HVSI-2
QVSL1
2"
HVSL1
BV
QSVM
QSVM
BL2RDJ
BP2DJ
BL1RDJ
Q44 Q44
0.6"
Q118 5"
QLM QLM
QVSL2 HVSL2
D4 D4
D4 D4
QOP1 QOP1 QPH
QV60
QV60
ASMGR
FULL NOTCHES HPH
GR - 0
Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

1 output QOP2 QOP2
SIV
TRIP INVERTER
BV
QRSI1 QRSI1
STATUS
6" CON ON
Q46 Q46
3 output
QRSI2 QRSI2
QSIT QSIT
C105
HVMT1
GR
DJ
C106
0-5
QCON
HVMT2
Q45
C107 C108
Q44 QCON QPDJ

QSIT Q45
0.6" VCB MTDJ Q118
5" [-B]
[-B]
LVsfVd dUoVZj ds lkFk oSD;we lfdZV czsdj dk fu;a=.k ifjiFk
October 2010
19
VCB CONTROL CIRCUIT (WITH STATIC CONVERTER)

20
October 2010
LVsfVd dUoVZj ds lkFk vkWDthyjh eksVjksa dk fu;a=.k ifjiFk
AUXILIARY MOTORS CONTROL CIRCUIT WITH STATIC CONVERTER
CAMTECH/E/10-11/SIV-Loco/1.0
Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

14.5 flXufyax ySEi ifjiFk@ Signaling Lamp Circuit

CCLS 6A
1. LSSIT indication lamp is provided through BL1 BL2
QSIT N/O inter lock and BL N/O inter lock.

2. When SIV trips, QSIT energizes and LSSIT QSIT QCON
lamp glows on driver’s desk.
QV 60 QCON
QV 64
3. QCON interlock is also provided in MU QV 63
QV 61
signaling. After the energizing of QCON,

LSCHBA extinguishes.
LSSIT LS GROUP QVLSOL LSCHBA
14.6 LVsfVd dUoVZj dk fu;a=.k ifjiFk@ Static Converter Control Circuit

1) After closing DJ, BLVMT “ON”, Inverter
electronics gets battery supply through
a) CCINV 6A fuse. CCINV 6A
b) N/C I/L of QSVM
c) QV60 N/C I/L.
QVSM QSVM
2 SEC
2) After closing BLVMT, relay QSVM energises in
blowers control circuit.
3) QSVM N/C I/L opens, converter electronics
battery supply is disconnected hence converter
QV 60 QV 60
stops working.
4) QSVM N/O time delay I/L closes after 2 seconds.
5) Again converter starts after 2 seconds.
INVERTER
This arrangement is done for “OFF load”

operation of blower contactors C105, C106, C107.
14.7 ,pvkj,ohVh fLop@HRAVT switch

HRAVT switch is provided to isolate cab heaters, cab fans, notch repeater and
walkie-talkie charger in case of fault. Various positions are given as under:
Switch position Cab heaters Cab fans Notch Walkie-talkie

repeater charger
0 Isolate Isolate Isolate Isolate
1 Working Working Working Working
2 Isolate Working Working Working
3 Isolate Isolate Working Isolate

15.0 ifjpkyu funsZ’k@ OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

15.1 bujtkbZt+ djus dh fof/k@ Procedure for Energisation
1. Before closing DJ, ensure the following:
• Keep MP on “0”.
• Open all top row BL switches.
• Ensure GR is on zero (LSGR is glowing).
• Ensure all safety relays are normal.
• Ensure C107, C105 & C106 contactors are opened fully.
• Keep HBA on position “1” and check battery voltage is above 90 volts.
2. Start MCPA to build up RS pressure to 8 kg/cm2. Unlock BL key. Keep ZPT in 1 or
2 positions to raise pantograph.
3. Close BLVMT switch.
4. Close BLDJ, press BLRDJ. After closing DJ, LSDJ extinguishes. OHE voltage
indicates in UA meter. Release BLRDJ after UA meter deviation (don’t wait for
extinguishing of LSCHBA and auxiliaries sound).
5. 110V DC supply is given to static converter.
6. Static converter starts functioning approximately 6 to 10 sec after closing of DJ.
7. Converter “ON” sensor will close on QCON branch after static converter starts
functioning. When QCON energized, LSCHBA lamp extinguishes.
8. Static converter takes 760/830 V 1 phase AC supply from TFWA to convert into 415
V 3 phase AC supply feed to all auxiliary motors.
9. Close BLCP to build up air pressure.
15.2 Cyksvjksa dks cUn djuk@ Stopping of Blowers

For stopping of blowers, after stopping train at station, open BLVMT, converter
stops working and all blower contactors open in “OFF” load condition. Relay QSVM (2
seconds time delay) de-energises and after 2 seconds converter restarts again.
15.3 dk;kZRed fjyksa dk ij

ijh{k.k@ Testing of Functional Relays
The loco pilots and maintenance staff shall observe Function of the relays QCON,
QSIT, QTD101, 119, QSVM and closing sequence of C107 and C108 contactor while testing.
a) QCON - This relay will ensure the compressors to work only after SIV picks up full
voltage ie. compressors contactors should not close before extinction of LSCHBA
lamp. If CPs start along with SIV, it will result in over load and DJ will trip.
b) QSIT - This relay’s function is same as relays QOA & QLA in ARNO fitted locos.
For any fault in Auxiliaries & SIV system this will energise. To reset this relay press
reset button or OFF & ON HBA switch.
c) QTD101 - This relay ensures a time delay of 5 sec even after extinction of LSCHBA
to close compressor contactors.
d) Q119 - This relay ensures a time delay of 5 sec between closing of two compressor
contactors.

e) QSVM - It will ensure soft starting of blowers. When BLVMT switch is closed in
loco energized condition, SIV shall be ‘OFF’ for a while and start working again.
f) While using rheostatic braking, C107 contactor shall be opened before closing C108
contactor (in case of AC MVRF).
16.0 vuqj{k.k 'ksM~;wy ¼lhesUl ,llhMh½@

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES (Siemens SCD)
Schedules
S.No Work to be done
IA IB IC AOH IOH
1. Visual Inspection
Check for any foreign objects/ traces of water. √ √ √ √ √
Check for burn marks/ sparking. √ √ √ √ √
Check for mechanical damage to any part. √ √ √ √ √
Check for any cut/ break in control wires. √ √ √ √ √
Check for any visible loose connections. √ √ √ √ √
2. Fault memory download √ √ √ √ √
3. Dust cleaning
Clean the cubicle(s) √ √ √
Clean the fan blades √ √ √
4. Check Tightness of equipment mountings √ √ √
5. Protections/sensor check
Check input voltage sensor functioning √ √ √
Check DC Link voltage sensor √ √ √
Check Fuse failure if any √ √ √
Check Auxiliary Contactor functioning √ √ √
Check Main Contactor functioning √ √ √
Check Input isolator opening √ √ √
Check Rectifier assembly temperature sensor √ √ √
Check Inverter DUO/PWR-1 temperature √ √ √
sensor
Check Inverter KOMBI/PWR-2 temperature √ √ √
sensor
Earth fault & earth fault by pass check √ √ √ √ √
6. Check Tightness for electrical wiring/ √ √ √
connections
7. Verification of Loco control logic interface √ √
with inverter

Schedules
S.No Work to be done
IA IB IC AOH IOH
8. Cooling fan (3 phase & churning) function √ √ √ √ √
test
9. Functionality test
No Load test √ √ √ √ √
Load test √ √ √ √ √
Check of functioning of text display √ √ √ √ √
10. Fan replacement
Replacement of 3 phase, 415V cooling fans √
Replacement of 110V d.c. cooling fans √
Note: Refer RDSO/ OEMs instructions for maintenance of various make static
converters.

17.0 =qfV fuokj.k@TROUBLE SHOOTING

17.1 ,ybMh fMLIys ds vuqlkj =qfV fuokj.k@ Trouble Shooting as per Display LEDs
Following instructions should be followed by the driving crew in respect of the display
LEDs:
S.No. Indication Action to be taken
1. Green LED This is definite indication of a fault in the SIV. The
indication of “SI unit action to be taken as per the other indication and fault
OK” goes OFF code displayed.
2. Red LED indication • On<17.5 KV VCB will trip through No volt relay
of “Input voltage in Q-30.
range” comes ON • On > 30 KV VCB will not trip, SIV will trip and
LSCHBA glows without VCB tripping (without
glowing LSDJ) voltage indication will remain on
UA meter.
• The driver can easily monitor the OHE voltage with
this differentiation.
• Watch the level of OHE voltage and wait for some
time till OHE voltage becomes normal. Energize the
locomotive and work the train.
3. Red LED indication This indicates that fault is inside the SIV. Normally such
of “Internal fault” faults cannot be tackled on line, unless the fault is
comes ON transient. Driver should turn OFF the battery, turn it ON
again and energize the locomotive and if successful,
work the train.
4. Red LED indication Action should be taken in the following sequence:
of “External Fault” 1. Isolate the cab heater and cab fans by putting HRAVT
comes ON on position 3. Restart the SIV. If successful, work the
train.
2. If not successful, switch OFF BLCP and BLVMT.
Restart the SIV. If SIV trips through earth fault
isolate the faulty motor from MVSIs, MVSLs and
MPH. follow existing troubleshooting directory and
work the train.
3. If not successful, switch ON BLVMT. Restart the
SIV. If SIV trips through earth fault, isolate the faulty
MVMT or MVRH. Follow existing troubleshooting
directory and work the train.
4. If not successful, switch ON BLCP. Restart the SIV.
If SIV trips through earth fault, isolate the faulty
MCP. Follow existing troubleshooting directory and
work the train.
5. If not successful in identifying the fault, isolate all
loads connected at the output of SIV. If SIV trips
through earth fault, the fault is inside the SIV.
6. Advise TLC accordingly and work the train or ask for
assistance.

S.No. Indication Action to be taken

5. Green LED LSCHBA lamp on the driver desk will also glow. Trip
indication of “CHBA DJ and momentarily switch OFF and ON HBA and try, if
OK” goes OFF not succeeded, isolate the battery charger, if loco is
tripping through SIV. Advise the Traction Loco
Controller and Work the train till next relief point.
17.2 LVsfVd
Vd bUoVZj ds fVªfiax QSY;ks
Y;ksj@
Y; j@Tripping Failures of Static Converter
I. ICDJ (While re-closing DJ, LSDJ remains glowing)
1. If Q118, Q45, Q44 are not energized, trouble shooting is same like
conventional loco.
2. If MTDJ(VCB)/ EFDJ is not energizing…..
a) Check QSIT and glowing of LSSIT.
b) If QSIT is energized, trouble shoot for SIV tripping and other
troubleshooting for EFDJ not energized is same as conventional loco.
c) If unsuccessful, place HOBA in OFF and try,
d) Switch OFF battery, wait for three minutes and try.
e) If unsuccessful contact TLC for advice,
II. NO TENSION (While closing DJ, LSDJ extinguishes, UA meter does not
deviate, input voltage out of range LED glows and DJ trips on releasing BLRDJ).
Trouble shoot for “NO TENSION” like conventional loco
III. DJ closed and converter does not start. i.e. LSCHBA remains glowing and
DJ trips
1. Check CCINV fuse. If it is melted, replace with a new one
2. Keep BLVMT in open position and check that SIV working or not. If not
working, close BLVMT and check for SIV working.
3. Ensure QSVM energises after closing BLVMT.
4. If QSVM is not energized, Check CCA fuse. If CCA is melted replace the
same.
5. Change the cab and try.
6. If unsuccessful keep HOBA in OFF and try.
7. If CCINV and QSVM found normal, Switch OFF battery and wait for three
minutes and try.
8. If QSVM is not energized after closing BLVMT, wedge QSVM in energise
position and work.
Precautions after wedging QSVM: - BLVMT should be switched ON before
closing DJ and BLCP should be switched on after 5 Sec of SIV developed full
voltage. (SIV ON LED glows or LSCHBA extinguishes )

IV. If SIV is working & LSCHBA glowing on run:
1. SIV will continue to function even if battery charger trips due to any fault.
2. Trip DJ and press RESET button on SIV panel and momentarily switch
OFF & switch ON HBA and try.
3. Check Battery Voltage between 90 to 135Volts.
4. If BA voltage above 90 and CHBA not working, inform TLC and work
onwards
5. Minimize the BA load by switching OFFcompartment lights and
unnecessary loads by watching BA voltage frequently.
V. After closing DJ, LSDJ extinguishes, UA meter deviates, LSCHBA
extinguishes & DJ trips with in 15 seconds after extinguishing of LSCHBA
1. Put HPH on 0, HVSL1 & 2, HVMT 1 & 2 and HVRH on 3 and close DJ.
2. If DJ does not trip ensure the working of auxiliaries if any one of the
auxiliaries is not working isolate the same and work accordingly.
3. If MVSL 1 & 2, MVMT 1 & 2, MVRH are working, switch off DJ and put
HPH on 1 and try. If DJ does not trip trouble shoot for any defect in air
flow relays after clearing section.
4. If DJ trips with in 15 seconds after extinguishing of LSCHBA, trouble with
MPH.
5. After taking safety measures put HPH on ‘0’ and normalize other switches,
close DJ and clear the section with 750 /500 amps and contact TLC.
VI. DJ trips on taking 1ST notch with LSCHBA glowing & no sound from
auxiliary motors
Check CCINV/ CCA, if fuse melts trouble shoot for SIV not starting. Remaining
trouble shooting is same as conventional loco.
VII. DJ trips after taking 6th notch within 15 seconds
1. If BLVMT in OFF, Check CCA if it melts trouble shoot just like
conventional loco
2. If C107 alone is not closing, ensure CTFs are in traction side. Put HVRH on
3 and try.
3. If C105, 106 and 107 are not closing clean the interlocks of QCON and try
4. If unsuccessful, put concerned switch on 3 and try.
VIII. If CP contactors alone are not closing:
1. Close BLCPD and try.
2. If unsuccessful, tap QTD101 and try.
3. If unsuccessful clean the interlocks of QCON and wedge QTD101 & try.
4. If unsuccessful try from rear cab.
5. Precautions after wedging QTD 101: BLCP/BLCPD should be switched
ON after 5 Sec of SIV ramping up of full voltage. (SIV ON LED glows or
LSCHBA extinguishes)

18.0 egRoiw.kZ funsZ’k@ IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS

1) On run whenever DJ trips, along with safety relays, check LSSIT lamp also.
2) Do not wedge any electro magnetic contactor.
3) Don’t operate any program switch while static Inverter is functioning. If necessary
operate the switch only after opening of DJ.
4) Whenever SIV unit trips, Static Inverter will try restart within 20 sec. for 2 times
before going to permanent shutdown mode (for 3 tripping).
5) Whenever LSDJ glows first, before LSCHBA, trouble may be with loco. Trouble
shoot accordingly.
6) Whenever LSCHBA glows before LSDJ, it indicates static inverter has initiated the
tripping.
7) Do not take notches without closing BLVMT, other wise DJ will trip after taking 6th
notch.
8) During on run examination of the loco, assistant loco pilot / co-loco pilot should
check for SIV panel lamps and also CHBA voltmeter and ammeter readings.

19.0 vko’;d vkSt+kj rFkk midj.k@a TOOLS & INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
S.No. Description
1 Laptop
2 Multimeter (true RMS)
3 Tong tester
4 Wire Stripper
5 Rachet Big (1/2")
6 Extention Rod Big (1/2")
7 Extention Rod (1/2")
8 Rachet Bitt Big 10 To 19 (1/2")
9 Universal joint (1/2")
10 Open Spanner 6-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-19, 20-22
11 Ring Spanner 6-7, 8-9 , 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-19, 20-22
12 Screw Driver
13 Philips Head Screw Driver
14 Side cutting pliers
15 Rachet Small (1/4")
16 Rachet Bitt Small (1/4") 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
17 Extension rod of length 150 mm (1/4")
18 Extension rod of length 100 mm (1/4")
19 Universal joint (1/4")
20 Adjustable Spanner
21 Torque Wrench (0-20nm)
22 Torque Wrench (20nm- 100nm)
23 Analog voltmeter with crocodile clip (AC 1500 volt)
24 110 V DC Blower
25 Helmet
26 Head torch
27 Safety shoes
28 ESD band
29 WAGO
30 Dust Mask
Note:
1. The above tool list is taken from Siemens manual.
2. Refer OEMs instructions for tool list for maintenance of various make static
converters.

20.0 D;k djsa vkSj D;k u djsa ¼vuqj{k.k

j{k.k ds nkSjku½@ DO’S AND DON’TS (DURING
MAINTENANCE)
20.1 D;k djsa@ Do’s

1. Wear safety shoes.
2. Clean the dust from fan blades with a light brush.
3. Remove the dust from the panel before doing maintenance.
4. Handle the PCBs only from the sides, without touching the components.
5. Use only the correct hardware (screw driver, tools, spanner etc.).
6. Take care not to damage the bolt/ screw heads.
7. Take care not to drop the washers inside the assemblies while removing the parts.
8. Ensure that all hardware is safely stored after removal.
9. Shut all doors/ openings properly otherwise dust/ water entry may cause problems.
10. While meggering load side cables, disconnect the power cables (415V, 110V, input
side) from the converter.
11. Use new cable-ties in place of ones which are cut.
12. Keep the doors closed (Rat problem).
13. Always refer circuit diagram while troubleshooting/ removal of parts/ re-fitment of
parts.
14. Always ensure that the Isolator is in properly closed condition.
15. Ensure that all connections are restored & appropriately tightened.
16. Be careful while cutting cable-ties, not to damage the cables/ wires.
17. Check that all fuses in loco circuit are of proper rating & properly fixed.
18. Do check that all loco circuitry is functioning properly (QSVM, QV60, QSIT,
QCON, Compressor time delay, blower air vane relays etc.).
19. Replace fans/ bearings at mentioned intervals by OEMs to prevent online failures.
20. Check all connections at input/ output connectors & ensure they are not
interchanged. This will lead to system malfunction and may lead to accident.
21. Simulation test is mandatory after every change of cables/components, new program
loading etc. to avoid any malfunction incident on line.
22. Only trained/ confident staff shall attend these locos as the trial and error methods
are not at all acceptable and may lead to major fire or such fatal things.
23. Ensure dust proof covering for all the system components as it will avoid
malfunction and extend useful life of the equipment.
24. Always ensure vibration free fitment of the equipment.
25. Download the fault data and analyze carefully to take corrective action.
26. Record all activities carried on a particular system.

20.2 D;k u djsa@ Don’ts
1. Do not use Nylon brush on electronic cards/ assemblies. This will result in ESD
failure.
2. Do not touch Driver Card components/ IGBT Gate circuit.
3. Do not let any parts be fixed with less quantity of bolts/ screws.
4. Do not do pull test on wires/cables.
5. Do not do Di-electric test/ Meggering of parts inside the converter.
6. Do not lift assemblies by holding the bus-bar or sensitive components (capacitor
bank etc.).
7. Do not place the removed PCBs, parts in dirty /wet areas.
8. Do not place the removed PCBs, parts in plastic bags. This will result in ESD failure.
9. Never open the Isolator.
11. Do not bypass any protection.
12. Do not do welding on the converter panel. If welding is to be done on converter/
locomotive, isolate all input, output & control connections between the loco & the
converter.
13. Do not remove assemblies from the converter , during regular maintenance activities.
14. Do not drop the fan or place it on the impeller.
15. Do not interchange the battery & lead wire connections inside the converter. This
will cause the battery charging current limit protection to malfunction.
16. Never try to bypass any input/ output cards by using external cables without properly
studying the repercussions after such bypassing.
17. Never try to modify the main configuration settings of the system without proper
knowledge of the software/ hardware.
18. Never switch ‘OFF’ the battery supply while the system displaying “Busy with USB
communication”.
19. Never do any Hammering, Welding, Gas cutting in the vicinity of the CPU as it may
lead to malfunctioning or permanently damage the system.
21.0 lkekU; fn’kkfunsZ’k@GENERAL GUIDELINES

1. Encourage all concerned staff to always follow systematic approach while working on
the sophisticated equipment.
2. Make available all related information like trouble shooting and maintenance
manuals.
3. Use proper tools & handling equipment.
4. Maintain good understanding with firm’s service personnel to give and take the
information as and when required.

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REFERENCES
1. RDSO specification no. ELRS/ SPEC/ SI/ 0018 (REV.1) March, 2006 &
amendment – 1 dtd. 05.02.2009 for single phase to three phase Static Converter with
soft start feature for electric locomotives.
2. RDSO report no. RDSO/ 2007/ EL/ IR/ 0126 Rev. ‘0’ dated January 2008 on
“Standardization of 180 kVA Static Inverter of Electric Locomotive” and RDSO
letter no. EL/ 1.2.9.1 dated 23.07.2009 on the subject.
3. Training Module on 180 kVA Static Converter of Autometers Alliance Limited.
4. Training Module on 180 kVA Static Converter of AC Loco of Siemens India

Limited.
5. Training Module on 180 kVA Static Converter prepared by Electric Traction

Training Centre, Vijaybada, South Central Railway.
6. Training Module on 180 kVA Static Converter of AC Loco of Hind Rectifier

Limited.
7. Presentations given by participants from various Electric Loco Sheds during seminar
conducted on 20TH October 2010 at IRCAMTECH/ Gwalior.
*****

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Qksu % 0751&2470803
0751&2470740
QSDl % 0751&2470841
bZ&esy : direlcamtech@gmail.com

OUR OBJECTIVE
To upgrade maintenance technologies and

methodologies and achieve improvement in
productivity, performance of all Railway
assets and manpower which inter-alia would
cover reliability, availability, utilisation and
efficiency.
If you have any suggestions and any specific Comments

please write to us.
Contact person : Director (Elect.)
Postal Address : Indian railways

Centre for Advanced
Maintenance technology,
Maharajpur, Gwalior.
Pin code – 474 005
Phone : 0751 – 2470740

0751 – 2470803
E-mail : direlcamtech@gmail.com
Fax : 0751 - 2470841

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CAMTECH/E/10-11/SIV-Loco/1.

Hkkjr ljdkj GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

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Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010

CAMTECH, GWALIOR S.C. SINGHAL

October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

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dSeVsd] Xokfy;j ih;w"k xqIrk

Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010

CAMTECH, GWALIOR PEEYOOSH GUPTA

October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

Item No. Description Page No.

October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

Øe la- fooj.k i`"B la-

12.0 lqj{kk lsfVax 14

Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010

Item No. Description Page No.

12.0 PROTECTION SETTINGS 14

October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

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Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010

ISSUE OF CORRECTION SLIPS

CORRECTION SLIPS ISSUED

Sr. No. Date of issue Page no. and Item Remarks

October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

AAL SIV SIEMENS SIV

Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010

2.0 LVsfVd dUoZ

3.0 gVk, x, midj.k@EQUIPMENT REMOVED

4-0 yxk, x, u;s midj.k@NEW EQUIPMENT PROVIDED

m) RSIV 1500 Ohms, 500 Watts

5.0 ,lvkboh iSuy ij fML

S.No. Description LED Remarks

5.2 dk;kZRed iSjkehVj dk Án’k

S.No. Parameter Displayed as Remarks

Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010

5.3 QkWYV dksM dk çn’kZu@ Display of Fault Codes

The following fault code will be displayed according to the fault.

S.N Fault displayed as Fault description

October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

6.0 LVsfVd dUoVZj ij Hkkj@LOADS ON STATIC CONVERTER

S.No. Code Name of Auxiliary Rating Rated Starting

5. MVRH Motor for main 22.0 41.33 278.5

Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives October 2010

7.0 flLVe vlsEcyh@SYSTEM ASSEMBLIES (Siemens SCD)

Text Display MCB for Cooling

Text Display Volt and Ampere

I/P Volt sensors

Input Fuse O/P ELR

Input Isolator Battery Charger

October 2010 Handbook on Static Converter of AC Electric Locomotives

Sine Filter Capacitor

Transformer Commutation choke

Output Sine Filter Output Sine Filter

Output Current Sensor

Inverter Module PWR 2

Inverter Module PWR 1