VITAMINS STRUCTURE SYNTHESIS

Vitamin C 6-carbon lactone synthesized from Most mammals can synthes

Ascorbic Acid glucose due to lack of enzyme gulon
oxidase
Deficiency: Scurvy
Plants – during ripening pro
Keys: dehydroascorbate, ascorbate, etc. glucose in plant cells

Intake: 10 mg per day

Thiamin B1 Color: White Crystalline Solid thiazolium salt (thiami
hydrochloride)
Thio – sulfur Consists of a pyrimidine ring and a
Amine – nitrogen thiazole moiety which are linked by
methylene
Deficiency: Beriberi

Coenzymes: thiamin diphosphate (active

form), thiamin monophosphate
Riboflavin B2
Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis
Coenzymes: flavin adenine dinuceotide
(active form), flavin mononucleotide, etc.
Niacin B3
Color: Yellow
Made up of flavin (isoalloxazine ring)
attached with ribitol (sugar alcohol) side
chain.
Color: White Crystalline
Higher animals cannot synth
essential)
Needed for synthesis of esse
coenzyme required for Inter
Metabolism in almost all liv
Liver synthesis – requires FA

Deficiency: Pellagra (3 D’s: Diarrhea, Human body – synthesize nicotinamide

Dementia, Dermatitis) ring of NAD tryptophan

Coenzymes: nicotinamide adenine

dinucleotide phosphate, etc..
Folic Acid B9
Deficiency: Megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia
(masks pernicious anemia by cobalamin)
Coenzyme: Tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) active
form
Color: Bright yellow crystalline
Keys: pteridine, para-amino benzoic
acid, glutamic acid
Synthesized by microograni
as the 7,8-dihydrofolate form
Also synthezied by bacterial
intestine

GLUTAMATE GLUTAMATE

Cobalamin B12 Group of compounds corrinoids Product of microbial synthe

Deficiency: Megaloblastic, macrocystic Corrin is a macrocycling made of 4 In humans, produced by bac

anemia (pernicious) pyrrole rings linked together intestine
Coenzyme: adenosyl cobalamin and
methycobalamin

IF FACTOR – GLYCOPROTEIN (VITAMIN

BOUND)
Pyridoxine B6 Microflora of the colon but
negligible
Deficiency: Microcytic Anemia – decreased
hemoglobin

Coenzyme: pyridoxal phosphate (active

form), pyridoxine, pyridoxamine
Pantothenic Acid B5
Deficiency: panthoghenate-kinase associated
neurodegeneration or Hallervoden-Spatz
syndrome
b-alanine and pantoic acid joined by Synthesized from pentoate (
peptide bond from a-ketoisovalerate by m
and plants
Does not occur in humans a

Coenzyme: acyl carrier protein

COA COA PHOSPHOPANTETHEINE PENTOATE

Biotin B7 Sulfur-containing; crystalline (free form) Bacteria, algae, yeast, plant

Deficiency: ALOPECIA (PAL-AK)
Key: Carboxylase carboxylase acetyl coa
pyruvate carboxylase
thioester of pimelate, a 7-di
Two 5-membered rings made from an
ureido group attached to a Microflora in the distal intes
tetrahydrothiopene ring.