Baireni Hospital Building Site

Table of Content
1.0 Introduction:........................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 Objective ........................................................................................................................................... 1
3.0 Scope of the work: ............................................................................................................................ 1
4.0 Methodology:.................................................................................................................................... 1
4.1) In situ test ......................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2) Lab Test ............................................................................................................................................. 2
5.0) Observation and Result: .................................................................................................................... 3
5.1) Field Investigation result................................................................................................................... 3
5.1.1) Strata: .................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.1.2) Penetration Test (SPT): ................................................................................................................. 3
5.1.3) Correction for SPT (N-values)........................................................................................................ 3
5.1.4) Bearing capacity from SPT ............................................................................................................ 4
6.0) Lab Test Result: ................................................................................................................................. 6
6.1) Particle Size Distribution (PSD): ............................................................................................................. 6
6.3) Direct Shear and UCS test: ................................................................................................................ 9
7.0) Conclusion: ....................................................................................................................................... 9
9.0) References: ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Annex-1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
Annex-2 lab test results .............................................................................................................................. 15
Annex -3 Photos .......................................................................................................................................... 19
i
Geotechnical investigation of 15 bed hospital building site at Siddhalek Rural Municipality ward no-1, Nalang, Baireni ,Dhading
1.0 Introduction:
This geotechnical report is prepared by Agni – Boring and soil test Pvt. Ltd. The report
presents the detail soil investigation in order to determine the index properties, shear strength
parameters of the sub-surface soil which will help in the design of fifteen bed hospital building
foundation at Siddhalek Rural Municipality ward no-1, Nalang Baireni, Dhading. The following
report also presents the safe bearing capacity of the foundation based on Dynamic cone
penetration Test (DCPT) values for the proposed hospital building site at Nalang Baireni, dhading
district. The geotechnical investigation involves the sub-surface drilling, in-situ field test (DCPT),
borehole logging and collection of disturbed sample for lab test.
2.0 Objective
The main objective of this site investigation report is
i) To access the sub-surface soil and to investigate its geotechnical engineering
properties
ii) To determine the index properties and strength parameters which will help in the
design of foundation.
iii) To estimate the bearing capacity of the sub-surface strata during design of
foundation.
3.0 Scope of the work:

The work includes drilling of three boreholes, along with DCPT test at each 1.5m,
locate groundwater table and retrieve samples for material characterization test and
finally evaluate the bearing capacity based on lab and field investigation results. The
material characterization test include Particle size distribution (PSD), water content. The
shear strength test include direct shear test. Since the undisturbed sample was not taken
during drilling process strength test are done with disturbed sample. This test will roughly
give us the cohesion and friction parameter of the soil.
4.0 Methodology:
Methodology involves field work as well as lab test. Field work involves rotary
drilling in all boreholes to the maximum of 12m from ground level and conduct DCPT at
every 1.5m interval and their values are recorded according to sub-surface condition.
Bore hole log are prepared on the basis of visual inspection of the grabbed soil obtained
from the borehole as the drilling proceed. The borehole logs are attached in annex-1 of
this report.
1
Table 1 Summary of field works
S. No Borehole Date Depth Drilled

Designation Drilled m Method
Started Completed
1 BH-1 2076/2/17 2076/2/18 12 Rotary
2 BH-2 2076/2/18 2076/2/19 12 Rotary
3 BH-3 2076/2/19 2076/2/20 12 Rotary
4.1) In situ test

Dynamic Cone Penetraion Test (DCPT):
DCPT was conducted in all drill holes. The tests were conducted at every 1.5m interval. The main
objective of this test was to determine the effort required to force a point through the soil and
to obtain a resistance value which corresponds to the mechanical properties of soil. The test
was performed using 50mm cone. The cone was driven with 63.5kg hammer falling through a
height of 75 cm. The recorded number of blows required to penetrate the least 300mm is taken
as DCPT values. These values of all boreholes are presented in the log sheet.
The resistance Nc obtained from DCPT is correlated quantitatively to standard penetration test
value N by Central Building Research Institute (C.B.R.I) Roorkee as;
Nc = 1.5 N for depth upto 4m
Nc = 1.75 N for depth upto 4 to 9m
Nc = 2 N for depth greater than 9m
The summary of DCP test which are converted to SPT (N) values are shown in table2below.
4.2) Lab Test

Lab test includes particle size distribution (sieve analysis for coarse grained soil)
and, direct shear test. These values can be used to classify the soil and to calculate the
bearing capacity of soil.
2
5.0) Observation and Result:
5.1) Field Investigation result
5.1.1) Strata:
Borehole-1: As can be seen from the borehole log from 0 to 2 m clayey silt with pebbles
and from 2 to 12m clay mixed with gravel, pebbles, cobbles and boulder was observed.
Borehole-2: As can be seen from the borehole log from 0 to 1 m clayey silt and from 2 to
12m clay mixed with gravel, pebbles, cobbles and boulder was observed.
Borehole-3: As can be seen from the borehole log from 0 to 1 m clayey silt and from 2 to
12m clay mixed with gravel, pebbles, cobbles and boulder was observed.
The borehole logs along with corresponding DCPT values are attached in Annex-1 of this
report.
5.1.2) Penetration Test (SPT):

The SPT values converted from DCPT values for 3 boreholes are shown in table below.
Table 2 Summary of N- values
Depth SPT SPT SPT

(m) (BH-1) (BH-2) (BH-3)
1.5 27 33 29
3 27 34 27
4.5 29 27 34
6 21 28 19
7.5 25 23 24
9 21 40 26
10.5 20 34 28
12 21 36 31
5.1.3) Correction for SPT (N-values)

Several factors contribute to standard penetration number N at a given depth for similar
soil profile. The factor that effect N-values are SPT hammer efficiency, borehole diameter,
sampling method and rod length (Skepmton, 1986; Seed, et.al., 1985). Field penetration number
can be correlated as a function of the input energy and its dissipation around the sampler into the
surrounding soil.
N60 =( N ηH ηB ηS ηR)/60
3
Where;
N60 = Standard penetration number, corrected for field conditions.
N = measured penetration number
ηH = hammer efficiency (%) = 55% for drop hammer (B.M. Das)
ηB = correction for borehole diameter = 1 for 100 mm dia borehole
ηS= sampler correction = 0.8 for sampler with liner
ηR= correction for rod length = 0.75 for rod length 3 to 4 m
= 0.85 for rod length 4 to 6m
= 0.95 for rod length 6 to 10 m
= 1 for rod length greater that 10m
For our case value corresponding to rod length of 4 to 6m was used in the calculation.
Corrected N values for both bore holes are shown in the table3 below.
Table 3 Corrected N values for all boreholes
BH1 BH1 BH2 BH2 BH3 BH3

SPT, N N60 SPT, N N60 SPT, N N60
27 17 33 21 29 18
27 17 34 21 27 17
29 18 27 17 34 21
21 13 28 17 19 12
25 16 23 14 24 15
21 13 40 25 26 16
20 12 34 21 28 17
21 13 36 19 31 19
5.1.4) Bearing capacity from SPT
The allowable soil pressure of a foundation is limited either by the net safe bearing
capacity or safe settlement pressure. The design of open foundation on cohesionless soil is
generally governed by the safe settlement pressure, as the net safe bearing capacity for a footing
of usual size is very high.
Allowable bearing capacity is calculated using Meyerhof’s and Bowles (1977) method.
Meyerhof’s equation
For 25mm settlement:

qa (KN/m2) = (N60 / 0.125) * ((B+0.3)/B)2 (for B > 1.22m )
Bowles modified the above equation given by Meyerhof as the result given by the equation was
found to be very conservative. For this report we have used the following equation given by
Bowles to calculate the bearing capacity for 25mm and 40mm settlement.
Bowles (1977) :
4
qa (KN/m2) = (N60/0.08) * ((B+0.3)/B)2 * Fd * (Se/25) (for B> 1.22m)
Where:
Fd = depth factor = 1+0.33(Df/B)
B = foundation width, in meters
Se = settlement, in mm
5.1.5) Bearing Capacity:

The bearing capacity of open foundation for various foundation width, at 1.5, 3.0 , 4.5 meters
depth using bearing capacity equation mentioned above are tabulated below.
Table 4 bearing capacity for different width of foundation for all Borehole for 25mm
settlement
Bearing Foundation Width (m)

Bore Depth Capacity
Hole (m) (KN/m2) B=1m B=2m B=3m B=4m B=5m
1.5 qa 314.51 262.44 245.09 236.41 231.20

BH-1 3.0 (KN/m2) 418.65 314.51 279.80 262.44 252.03
4.5 561.51 393.73 337.81 309.85 293.07
1.5 qa 384.40 320.76 299.55 288.94 282.58
BH-2 3.0 (KN/m2) 527.18 396.05 352.34 330.48 317.37
4.5 522.78 366.58 314.51 288.48 272.86
1.5 qa 337.81 281.88 263.24 253.92 248.33
BH-3 3 (KN/m2) 418.65 314.51 279.80 262.44 252.03
4.5 658.32 461.62 396.05 363.27 343.60
5
Table 5 bearing capacity for different width of foundation for all Borehole for 40mm
settlement
Bearing Foundation Width (m)

Bore Depth Capacity
Hole (m) (KN/m2) B=1m B=2m B=3m B=4m B=5m
1.5 qa 503.217 419.9085 392.139 378.2543 369.9234

BH-1 3.0 (KN/m2) 669.834 503.217 447.678 419.9085 403.2468
4.5 898.4103 629.9718 540.4923 495.7526 468.9087
1.5 qa 615.043 513.2215 479.281 462.3108 452.1286
BH-2 3.0 (KN/m2) 843.4947 633.6807 563.7427 528.7737 507.7923
4.5 836.451 586.5255 503.217 461.5628 436.5702
1.5 qa 540.4923 451.0128 421.1863 406.2731 397.3251
BH-3 3.0 (KN/m2) 669.834 503.217 447.678 419.9085 403.2468
4.5 1053.309 738.5877 633.6807 581.2272 549.7551
6.0) Lab Test Result:
6.1) Particle Size Distribution (PSD):

Figure below shows the particle size distribution for disturbed soil samples collected at
different depth. Dry Sieve analysis was done for coarse grained soil i.e. 50% or more of total
weight of soil particle retained in 75 micron sieve. Based on the distribution curve obtained co-
efficient of uniformity (Cu) and co-efficient of curvature (Cc) was calculated. D50 size of the
particle are also calculated. Table below gives the summary of all the values obtained with
varying depth. Based on the values obtained soil is classified using Unified Soil Classification
System (USCS). The particle size distribution gives an idea about the composition of soil based
on average size of various constituent particles. PSD is a good way of categorizing the material
on the basis of the constituent particle size. Once the mechanical properties of a particular
material are obtained, the PSD curve can be related to those properties and for future estimate of
mechanical properties of a similar material PSD curve may serve as a common reference. The
result along with the raw data are attached in the Annex-2 of this report.
Figure 1 Summary of Sieve analysis done for sample found at different depth
6
80
Hospital building site, Baireni, Dhading BH1 (3-12m)
70
60
50
% Passing
40
30
20
10
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Diameter, mm
80
Hospital Building Site, Baireni, Dhading BH-2 (1.5-12m)
70
60
50
% Passing
40
30
20
10
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Diameter, mm
100
90
80
70
% Passing
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Diameter, mm
7
Table 7 Summary Cu, Cc, D50 of the soil particles obtained during the test.
Bore Depth Cu Cc D50 Remarks Symbol as

Hole (m) per USCS
BH-1 3-12 6.17 0.63 0.29 Poorly graded Sand SP
BH-2 1.5-12 6 0.45 0.3 Poorly graded sand SP
BH-3 1.5-12 3.65 0.79 0.22 Poorly graded sand SP
As can be seen from the graph and table above as less than 50% of the total weight of the
sample tested passes no 200 sieve and more than 50% passes through no4 sieve therefore the soil
can be classified as sand. By observing the value of Cu and Cc the sand is poorly graded sand. The
D50 value for BH-1 was found as 0.29, for BH-2 its value was found 0.3 for BH-3 it’s values was
0.22.
Table 8 Summary of water content of soil obtained at different depth
Water Content of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH-1

Weight Weight
Weight of can + of can + Weight Weight Weight water
Depth of empty wet dry of wet of dry of water Content
can (gm) sample sample soil (gm) soil (gm) (gm) (%)
(gm) (gm)
1.5 6.612 71.6 63.2 64.988 56.588 8.4 14.84
4.5 6.4 81.9 73.8 75.5 67.4 8.1 12.02
7.5 6.59 87.3 79.6 80.71 73.01 7.7 10.55
12 6.4 91.8 83.7 85.4 77.3 8.1 10.48

Weight Weight
(gm) (gm)
1.5 6.6 94.2 85.6 87.6 79 8.6 10.89
4.5 6.4 90.6 83.2 84.2 76.8 7.4 9.64
7.5 6.26 89.7 80.3 83.44 74.04 9.4 12.70
12 6.4 84.3 76.1 77.9 69.7 8.2 11.76
8

Weight Weight
(gm) (gm)
1.5 6.6 90.7 83.2 84.1 76.6 7.5 9.79
4.5 6.59 95.6 87.6 89.01 81.01 8 9.88
7.5 6.6 91.8 83.4 85.2 76.8 8.4 10.94
12 6.4 87.3 79.1 80.9 72.7 8.2 11.28
6.3) Direct Shear and UCS test:

In order to determine the strength parameter such as cohesion and friction direct shear
test are performed however for this project the sample was not adequate enough for the test. The
sample contained mostly gravel so it was out of our scope of the lab test that are performed in our
lab. The result of direct shear test for borehole1 is shown in figure below. The vertical stress was
maintained at 0.5Kg/cm2, 1Kg/cm2 and 2Kg/cm2 for the tests. In direct shear test, the test
equipment consists of a metal shear box into which the soil specimen is placed. The box is split
horizontally into two halves. The normal stress on the specimen is applied from the top of the
shear box to cause failure in the soil specimen. During test the shear displacement of the top half
of the box are recorded by the use of horizontal dial gauge.
7.0) Conclusion:
 The soil encountered in boreholes are predominantly silty clay mixed with
pebbles, cobbles and boulders
 The D50 was found to range from 0.22 to 0.3.
 The building can be built over open foundation.
 The required bearing capacity with depth and width of open foundation selected
are calculated and tabulated in table 5 and varies between 500 to 1000 KN/m2, for
design purpose bearing capacity of 500 KN/m2 can be used.
 The depth and width of foundation can be recalculated during the design
depending upon the superstructure built above it.
9
9.0) References:
a) M. J. Tomlinson 1996), “Foundation Design and constructions”, Pitmann Publishing
Ltd. London.
b) Terzaghi, K. and Peck R. B. ( 1967), “Soil Mechanic in Engineering Practice,” John

Wiley and Sons Inc. New York, USA.
c) Peck, R. B., Hanson W. E. and Thornburn T. H(1974), “Foundation Engineering”,

Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
d) Braja M. Das, “Principles of foundation engineering seventh edition”, Cengage

learning
e) Dr. K.R. Arora, “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, Standard Publisher
Distributer, New Delhi
10
Annex-1
11
Agni Boring and Soil Test Pvt. Ltd.

Bore Hole Log
Project : 15 Bed Hospital Building
Location : Siddhalek Rural Municipality, ward no.1 Nalang, Baireni, Dhading
Bore hole No :1 Drilling Method: Rotary
Diameter of BH : 100 mm Start Date: 2/17/076
GWT (m) : End Date: 2/18/076
Logged By : Anil Jayswal
Sca l e Soi l Sa mpl i ng

Depth Thi ckne
1=50cm Soi l cl a s s i fi ca tion Symbol Depth No.of bl ows
(m) s s (m) Type Va l ue (N)
Ea ch e (m) 15cm 15cm 15cm
0.00
Reddish and brownish clayey silt with

1.00 2m
pebbles
1.50 DCPT 17 21 20 41
2.00
3.00 3.00 DCPT 15 19 22 41
4.00
4.50 DCPT 21 28 23 51
5.00
6.00 6.00 DCPT 18 21 16 37
7.00 Reddish clay mixed with gravels,

12m
pebbles, cobbles and boulders 7.50 DCPT 23 19 26 45
8.00
9.00 9.00 DCPT 14 17 21 38
10.00
10.50 DCPT 15 18 22 40
11.00
12.00 12.00 DCPT 27 23 19 42
12

Bore Hole Log
GWT (m) : End Date: 2/19/076

Depth Thi ckne
0.00
1m Clayey Silt
1.00
1.50 DCPT 26 22 27 49
2.00
3.00 3.00 DCPT 23 20 31 51
4.00
4.50 DCPT 19 22 26 48
5.00
6.00 6.00 DCPT 25 19 30 49

Light brown clay mixed with gravel,
12m
7.00 pebbles, cobbles and boulders
7.50 DCPT 17 21 19 40
8.00
9.00 9.00 DCPT 31 33 38 71
10.00
10.50 DCPT 32 34 35 69
11.00
12.00 12.00 DCPT 32 35 38 73
13

Bore Hole Log
GWT (m) : End Date: 2/20/076

Depth Thi ckne
0.00
1m Brownish redish clayey silt
1.00
1.50 DCPT 19 23 20 43
2.00
3.00 3.00 DCPT 14 19 21 40
4.00
4.50 DCPT 30 27 32 59
5.00
6.00 6.00 DCPT 17 14 19 33

Brownish redish clay mixed gravels
12m
7.00 with pebbles, cobbles and boulders
7.50 DCPT 17 20 22 42
8.00
9.00 9.00 DCPT 20 21 25 46
10.00
10.50 DCPT 22 22 34 56
11.00
12.00 12.00 DCPT 29 36 27 63
14
Annex-2 lab test results
15
Sieve analysis of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH1 (3-12 m)

Tota l wei ght of dry s a nd us ed 300 gm
Sieve Soil Cummula
size Retained % tive % passing
(mm) (gm) retained retained (%)
4.75 74.2 24.73333 24.73333 75.27
2.36 9 3.00 27.73 72.27
1.18 0 0.00 27.73 72.27
0.85 0 0.00 27.73 72.27
0.6 26.8 8.93 36.67 63.33
0.425 21.9 7.30 43.97 56.03
0.3 13.2 4.40 48.37 51.63
0.15 57.4 19.13 67.50 32.50
0.075 79.6 26.53 94.03 5.97
pan 8.4 2.80
290.5
D10 0.081 Cu 6.17284
D30 0.16 Cc 0.632099
D60 0.5
D50 0.29
80
Hospital building site, Baireni, Dhading BH1 (3-12m)
70
60
50
% Passing
40
30
20
10
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Diameter, mm
16
Sieve analysis of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH-2 depth 1.5-12m
Total weight of dry sand used 300 gm
Sieve Soil Cummula
4.75 81.6 27.2 27.2 72.80
2.36 17.2 5.73 32.93 67.07
1.18 0 0.00 32.93 67.07
0.85 0 0.00 32.93 67.07
0.6 12.4 4.13 37.07 62.93
0.425 23.7 7.90 44.97 55.03
0.3 14.8 4.93 49.90 50.10
0.15 42.9 14.30 64.20 35.80
0.075 94.9 31.63 95.83 4.17
pan 9.1 3.03 98.87 1.13
296.6
D10 0.085 Cu 6
D30 0.14 Cc 0.452134
D60 0.51
D50 0.3
80
70
60
50
% Passing
40
30
20
10
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Diameter, mm
17
Sieve analysis of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH-3 depth 1.5-12m
Total weight of dry sand used 300 gm
Sieve Soil Cummula
4.75 42.6 14.2 14.2 85.80
2.36 18.3 6.10 20.30 79.70
1.18 17.2 5.73 26.03 73.97
0.85 0 0.00 26.03 73.97
0.6 0 0.00 26.03 73.97
0.425 14.6 4.87 30.90 69.10
0.3 28.9 9.63 40.53 59.47
0.15 65.3 21.77 62.30 37.70
0.075 97.6 32.53 94.83 5.17
pan 12.7 4.23 99.07 0.93
297.2
D10 0.082 Cu 3.658537
D30 0.14 Cc 0.796748
D60 0.3
D50 0.22
100
90
80
70
60
% Passing
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Diameter, mm
18
Annex -3 Photos
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Baireni Hospital Building Site

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Table of Content

3.0 Scope of the work:

Table 1 Summary of field works

S. No Borehole Date Depth Drilled

1 BH-1 2076/2/17 2076/2/18 12 Rotary

2 BH-2 2076/2/18 2076/2/19 12 Rotary

3 BH-3 2076/2/19 2076/2/20 12 Rotary

4.1) In situ test

Nc = 1.5 N for depth upto 4m

Nc = 1.75 N for depth upto 4 to 9m

Nc = 2 N for depth greater than 9m

4.2) Lab Test

5.0) Observation and Result:

5.1) Field Investigation result

5.1.2) Penetration Test (SPT):

Table 2 Summary of N- values

Depth SPT SPT SPT

5.1.3) Correction for SPT (N-values)

Table 3 Corrected N values for all boreholes

BH1 BH1 BH2 BH2 BH3 BH3

5.1.4) Bearing capacity from SPT

For 25mm settlement:

qa (KN/m2) = (N60/0.08) * ((B+0.3)/B)2 * Fd * (Se/25) (for B> 1.22m)

5.1.5) Bearing Capacity:

Bearing Foundation Width (m)

1.5 qa 314.51 262.44 245.09 236.41 231.20

Bearing Foundation Width (m)

1.5 qa 503.217 419.9085 392.139 378.2543 369.9234

6.0) Lab Test Result:

6.1) Particle Size Distribution (PSD):

Bore Depth Cu Cc D50 Remarks Symbol as

Table 8 Summary of water content of soil obtained at different depth

Water Content of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH-1

Water Content of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH-2

Water Content of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH-3

6.3) Direct Shear and UCS test:

b) Terzaghi, K. and Peck R. B. ( 1967), “Soil Mechanic in Engineering Practice,” John

c) Peck, R. B., Hanson W. E. and Thornburn T. H(1974), “Foundation Engineering”,

d) Braja M. Das, “Principles of foundation engineering seventh edition”, Cengage

Agni Boring and Soil Test Pvt. Ltd.

Sca l e Soi l Sa mpl i ng

Reddish and brownish clayey silt with

3.00 3.00 DCPT 15 19 22 41

6.00 6.00 DCPT 18 21 16 37

7.00 Reddish clay mixed with gravels,

9.00 9.00 DCPT 14 17 21 38

12.00 12.00 DCPT 27 23 19 42

Agni Boring and Soil Test Pvt. Ltd.

Sca l e Soi l Sa mpl i ng

3.00 3.00 DCPT 23 20 31 51

6.00 6.00 DCPT 25 19 30 49

9.00 9.00 DCPT 31 33 38 71

12.00 12.00 DCPT 32 35 38 73

Agni Boring and Soil Test Pvt. Ltd.

Sca l e Soi l Sa mpl i ng

3.00 3.00 DCPT 14 19 21 40

6.00 6.00 DCPT 17 14 19 33

9.00 9.00 DCPT 20 21 25 46

12.00 12.00 DCPT 29 36 27 63

Annex-2 lab test results

Sieve analysis of Hospital Building site, Baireni, Dhading BH1 (3-12 m)

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