Nervous system

Nervous system divided into 3 parts

!. Central nervous system
#. Peripheral nervous system
$. Autonomic nervous system

Structure of neuron

!. Dendrite==receive impulses from other neurons and carry them to the cell
body.
#. Axon==carry impulses away from cell body and toward another neuron.
$. Cell body/ soma==The cell body connects to the dendrites, which bring
information to the neuron, and the axon, which sends information to other
neurons.
%. Myelin sheath==It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin
sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along
the nerve cells.
&. Schwann cell==to myelinate the axons of the PNS.
'. Node of ranvier==periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the
axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of
nerve impulses.
(. Axon terminal==specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the
presynaptic cell.

Central Nervous Peripheral Nervous Autonomic Nervous

System System
System System System
Keep controls on whole Made up of Nerves Made up of some brain
body and on Nervous arising from brain + nerve + some spinal cord
system itself spinal cord nerve
2 parts——Brain + Spinal Carnial (12 pairs)+ Spinal Supplies nerves to all
cord (31 pairs) nerves —- in internal organs + blood
human. vessel of body
These are sensory,motor Langley— first presented
and mixed nerve. concept of autonomic
nervous system== 1921
Unit of nervous tissues is 2 parts——sympathetic
called Neuron or nerve nervous system +
cell. parasympathetic
nervous system

!. Central nervous system

Brain
Covered by membrane== meninges
Craninum == brain is situated in bony
box == which protect it from external
injury.
EEG==Electro Encephalo Graphy== is
done to know the function of brain.
Brain
Spinal cord
The posterior region of medulla
oblongata forms = spinal cord.
Coordination and control of reflex
action
It carries impulses coming out of
brain.

Fore brain Mid brain Hind brain

Weight of brain=1350gm
3 parts— 1 parts— corpora 3 parts—
cerebrum,thalamus,hypo quadrigemina == this is cerebellum,pons,medulla
thalamus the centre of control of
vision and hearing
power.
Fore brain
Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus
Most developed part of It is the centre of It controls the hormonal
brain. pain,cold and heat. secretion of endocrine
glands.
This is the centre of Hormones secreted from
wisdom, memory,will posterior pituitary gland
power,movements,knowl secrete through it.
edge and thinking.
Analysis and This is the centre of
coordination of muscular hunger,thirst,temperatur
movement received from e control,love,hate etc.
sense organs.
It controls blood
pressure,metabolism of
water,sweat,anger,joy
etc.

Hind brain
Cerebellum Pons Medulla
It is at the back of head It act as bridge carrying It is posterior most part
and consist of 2 ascending and of the brain and
cerebellar hemisphere descending tract b/w continuous into spinal
like cerebrum. brain and spinal cord. cord.
It is large reflex centre It connect and
for coordination of communicate the brain
muscular body with spinal cord.
movements and
maintenance of posture.
It contains cardiac,
respiratory and
vasomotor centres that
control complex activity
 like heart
action,respiration,coughi
ng,sneezing etc.

$. Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System

Narrow blood vessels in skin
Hair gets erected
Reduces secretion of salivary glands Increases secretion of saliva and other
digestive juice
Stretches pupil of eye ball Contraction of pupil caused by this
Respiration rate increases
Increase heart beat
Increase blood pressure
Increase sugar level in blood
Increase no of RBC in blood
Helps in clotting of blood
Increases secretion of sweet glands
Reduces the speed of contraction and Creates contraction and motion in
relaxation of intestine intestinal walls
Relax the muscles of urinary bladder Contract the muscles of urinary
bladder
Affects fear,pain and anger Affects and creates the occasion of
rest and joy