Sankararamakrishnan et al.

(2019, IJBM))have studied Zr/nZVI bimetallic nanoparticle doped cellulose

nanofibres derived from baggasse was used for defluoridation showing an increased affinity with
maximum fluoride adsorption upto 35.70 mg/g, showing well dispersed nature of Zirconia on the surface
of nZVI immobilized on cellulose nanofiber. Similarly, cellulose nanofibers(CNF) doped with MgS/FeS,
showed the Cr(VI) removal upto 142.8 mg/g (Sankaramekrishnan et al., 2019b chemosphere). Mohindru
set al. reviewed the arsenic removal by coagulation (Umesh K. Garg). Banerji et al. studied the
electrocoagulation of arsenic in drinking water isong iron electrodes. The results indicate that arsenic
reacts with ferric (hydr)oxides in the solution followed by precipitation, however the interferent
phosphate complexes with Fe(II) in solution. Wan et al. reported the use of electrocoagulation method
wherein arsenic was adsorbed onto lepidocrocite which was obtained from electrocoagulation of iron.
The conditions of pH, initial arsenic concentration, oxidation state, interference from Phosphate, silica
and sulphate were investigated. Interference was observed from the anions phosphate and silicate at 1-
4 and 5-20 mg/L. (Water research) (JECE 2016, 4, 3990-4000. Banerji and Chaudhari (2017) studied a
cost effective technology for arsenic removal based upon zerovalent iron. As(III) adsorption is carried
out using oxidation of As(III) to As(V) using the FeO(OH) formed from oxidation of leached Fe2+ ions
(BAnerji and Chaudhari, 2017) book chapter.

Microporous polymeric ion exchangers could be prepared used during copolymerzerization could use as
arsenic and fluoride extensively.Snakararamakrishnan et al. 2014 (ESPR) studied the chitosan/
PVA/Zerovalent iron nanofiber for arsenic removal application with upto 200 mg/g and 142,9 mg/g for
As(V) and Arsenic(III), respectively similarly their study on chitosan granules and flakes immobilized nZVI
showed an adsorption of 2.36 ans 2.32 mg/g and 22.47 and 16.15 mg/g, respectively. Similarly the used
of xanthanted chitosan granules and flakes showed adsorption of 36 (As(V)) and 48(As(V)), against 20
and 33 microgram/L.

Chitosan coated sand immobilized nZVI showed an increased efficiency for arsenic adsorption with an
adsorption of 26 and 56 mg/g, respectively at pH. Bagasse functionalized with 2-mercaptoethanol by
wet impregnation was used for arsenic adsorption with an adsorption efficiency of 28.57 and 34.48
mg/g of As(III) and As(V) respectively by the functionalized sugarcane bagasse. EDTA chelated oxidized
MWCNTs were used as immobilizer for nZVI. The equilibrium adsorption for As(III) and As(V) were
observed to be 111.1 and 166.7 mg/g. Vikas et al.(2011) studied synthesized bimetallic doped polymer
under suspension polymerization of phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymer. The beads thus
prepared were carbonized to create porous material, which upon subsequent ball milling to
nanodimensions. The material showed an excellent adsorption for fluoride upto 100 mg/g and moderate
adsorption of arsenic upto 40 mg/g.

Roy et al. (2014) studied the dual stage filter for arsenic remediation utilizing arsenic removal by
oxidation-coagulation-filteration followed by an adsorption on alumina was envisaged for economic
evaluation with a plant with treatment cost of Rs. 360 per 1000 litre of water. They also went on to
establish the susutainable disposal of arsenic rich sludge in use in the form of concrete cubes, bricks and
in anaerobic bioreactors.

Sharma et al (2012) reported the presence of arsenic in groundwater used for consumption as drinking
water. The survey included Sangrur, Bathinda, Ferozpur, Fardikot and Muktsar district, where the mean
arsenic level in water samples obtained from municipal water supply in this district was found to
be21.21, 23.75, 14.14, 25.17 and 21.86 mg/L.