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An irrigation engineer is designing a channel to pass through a farm that is in a shape of a square of side length 25Km as shown in
Fig1 Channel. The proposed channel has the following equation:

𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝐸

1. Selecting the following ideal reference points from the Fig1 Channel.
should be enough for finding the coefficients A,B,C,D,E:

X 1 5.5 8.5 11.5 14.5

Y 24 14 16.5 10 14

For each point in the table is produced and equation, making the following
system of equations:

𝑒 −1 1 sin(1) cos⁡(1) 1 𝐴 24
𝑒 −5.5 5.5 sin(5.5) cos⁡(5.5) 1 𝐵 14
𝑒 −8.5 8.5 sin⁡(8.5) cos⁡(8.5) 1 𝐶 = 16.5
𝑒 −11.5 11.5 sin⁡(11.5) cos⁡(11.5) 1 𝐷 10
[ 𝐸 ] [ 14 ]
[𝑒 −14.5 14.5 sin⁡(14.5) cos⁡(14.5) 1]

The system is composed by five equations and five unknown values. To solve the matrix, it is proposed:
[𝐴][𝑋] = [𝑌]
By matrix’s property:
[𝐴]−1 [𝐴][𝑋] = [𝐴]−1 [𝑌]
[𝐼][𝑋] = [𝐴]−1 [𝑌]
Then,
[𝑋] = [𝐴]−1 [𝑌]
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The reverse matrix is calculated by Octave Online:

2.7934769 −6.8318815 0.9760154 5.9729679 −2.9105786

0.0010004 ⁡⁡−0.0861989 −0.0817266 ⁡0.0842150⁡ 0.0827101
[𝐴]−1 = −0.0094200 ⁡⁡0.8835383 ⁡−0.6524394 −1.3033464 1.0816674
−0.0167964 1.5997777 −1.7016005 −1.3205483 1.4391675
[−0.0116613 0.9916722 1.1910581 ⁡−0.4713237 −0.6997453]

Resolving, it can be found the vector of coefficients Y:

Fig2. Solving by Octave Online

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The calculation provides the following solution:

A B C D E
6.48294 -0.53117 3.48809 0.86023 18.74633

Therefore, the function is:

𝒚 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟖𝟐𝟗𝟒𝒆−𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟑. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟗 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙) + 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙) + 𝟏𝟖. 𝟕𝟒𝟔𝟑𝟑

And its graph:

Fig3. Graph of the function found.

The function represents properly the channel profile.

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2. Finding the turning points it is necessary to find the local maximum and minimum points. Therefore, the first derivate of the
equation is:
𝑦 = 6.48294𝑒 −𝑥 − 0.53117𝑥 + 3.48809 sin(𝑥) + 0.86023 cos(𝑥) + 18.74633
𝑦 ′ = −6.48294𝑒 −𝑥 − 0.53117 + 3.48809 cos(𝑥) − 0.86023 sin(𝑥)

The turning points are founded when y’ = 0.

−6.48294𝑒 −𝑥 − 0.53117 + 3.48809 cos(𝑥) − 0.86023 sin(𝑥) = 0

Through WolframAlpha:

Fig4. First derivate graph and solutions.

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Then, replacing the x-values in the equation, it can be found the coordinate of the turning points, hence these are the locations for the
pumping station:

X 4.6 7.5 10.9 13.7 17.2 20.0 23.5

Y 12.8 18.3 9.4 15 6.1 11.7 2.7

3. The length of the channel is determined by the following equation:

25 25
𝐿 = ∫0 √1 + (𝑦 ′ )2 = ∫0 √1 + (−6.48294𝑒 −𝑥 − 0.53117 + 3.48809 cos(𝑥) − 0.86023 sin(𝑥))2.

By WolframAlpha the integral is resolved:

The length of the channel is approximately 66.64 meters.

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4. The channel has x-section in a form of a parabola.

W=6 A=9 t=0.25

The equation of the function is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏. Then, the points where the function crosses x-axis are: (3, 0) and (-3, 0)

0 = 𝑎(3)2 + 𝑏 = 9𝑎 + 𝑏
0 = 𝑎(−3)2 + 𝑏 = 9𝑎 + 𝑏
So, the first equation is:
𝟗𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟎
The width of the channel at ground level (y=0) is 6 m. The section area of the channel below ground is 9 m2. Hence:
𝑎𝑥 3
∫(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝐶.
3
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3
∫ (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 = −9⁡
−3
27𝑎 27𝑎
( + 3𝑏) − (− − 3𝑏) = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 18𝑎 + 6𝑏 = −9
3 3

Therefore, the second equation is:

𝟏𝟖𝒂 + 𝟔𝒃 = −𝟗

Then, there are two equations and two unknown values, the system gets solved:
〈9𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0〉 ∗ (−2) = −18𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 0⁡(1)
18𝑎 + 6𝑏 = −9⁡(2)
(1) Plus (2)
−18𝑎 + 18𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 6𝑏 = −9
4𝑏 = −9
𝟗
𝒃 = − = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟓
𝟒
9
18𝑎 − 2 ( ) = 0
4
9
18𝑎 =
2
𝟏
𝒂 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝟒

The profile equation is: 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓

The depth of the channel can be found replacing 𝑥 = 0

𝑦 = 0.25(0)2 − 2.25 = −2.25

The channel has a depth=2.25m

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5. As the trapezoid side is tangential to the channel at the ground level, the slope of the trapezoid line is found by derivative in a point:
𝑦(𝑥) = 0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 0.5𝑥
𝑦 ′ (3) = 0.5(3) = 1.5
The slope is tan(∝) = 1.5, where ∝ is the angle of the trapezoid as it is observed at Fig7.

0.25 Using the definition:

ℎ
𝑇𝑎𝑛(∝) = = 1.5
𝑏
ℎ = 1.5𝑏

Therefore, the area of trapezoid is:

(0.25) + (0.25 + 2𝑏)
α 𝐴= ∗ 1.5𝑏
b 2
𝐴 = (0.25 + 𝑏) ∗ 1.5𝑏
𝐴 = 0.375𝑏 + 1.5𝑏 2

Twice the area of the trapezoid is the area of the channel cross section below ground, hence:

9 = 2 ∗ (0.375𝑏 + 1.5𝑏 2 )
9 = 0.75𝑏 + 3𝑏 2
36 = 3𝑏⁡ + 12𝑏 2 ;
12𝑏 2 + 3𝑏⁡ − 36⁡ = 0;
−3±√9−4∙12∙(−36) −3±√1728 −3+√1728
𝑏= = = = 1.6 = 𝑏
2∙12 24 24
Then, it can be found the height:
ℎ = 𝑏 ∗ tan(∝) = 1.6 ∗ 1.5 = 2.4𝑚
Therefore, the height of trapezoid is 2.4 m.
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6. The maximum safe flow capacity of the channel is when the water level is 0.7 of the full depth.
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙⁡𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑜𝑖𝑑⁡𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 + 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙⁡𝐷𝑒𝑒𝑝⁡𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟⁡𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙⁡𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = 2.4𝑚 + 2.25𝑚 = 4.65𝑚

𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒⁡𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤⁡𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 0.7 ∗ 4.65𝑚 = 3.255𝑚

The safe flow height over the groud would be:

𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒⁡𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤⁡𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙⁡𝐷𝑒𝑒𝑝⁡𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟⁡𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = 3.255 − 2.25 = 1.005𝑚

Using the equation, the width of safe flow can be found:

1.005 = 0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25

0.25𝑥 2 = 3.255
3.255
𝑥2 =
0.25
𝑥 = √13.02
𝑥 = 3.6

The safe area is found by the integral:

3.6 3.6 3 3.6
∫ (0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25)𝑑𝑥 = 2 [∫ (0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25)𝑑𝑥] = 2 [− ∫ (0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25)𝑑𝑥]
−3.6 0 0 3
3 3 3 3
0.25𝑥 3
∫ (0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (0.25𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (2.25)𝑑𝑥 = ] − 2.25𝑥]30 = 2.25 − 6.75 = 4.5
0 0 0 3 0
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
0.25𝑥 3
∫ (0.25𝑥 2 − 2.25)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (0.25𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (2.25)𝑑𝑥 = ] − 2.25𝑥]3.6
3 = 0.288
3 3 3 3 3
= 2[−(−4.5) + 0.288] = 9.576𝑚2

The maximum safe area for the safe flow if 9.576m2

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7.
The length of the channel profile is:
3 3
𝑥2
𝐿 = ∫ √1 + 𝑦 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √1 + (0.5𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √1 + 𝑑𝑥
−3 −3 4

Using WolframAlpha:

The length of the channel profile is 7.8 m, and the price of the lining material is $20.00/m2. Therefore, the price for the meter of length
is:
$ $
20.00 2 ∗ 𝐿 = 20.00 2 ∗ 7.8𝑚 = $156/𝑚
𝑚 𝑚

The cost of lining per meter length of the channel is 156$/m.

Works Cited

Octave Online. Cloud IDE compatible with MATLAB. n.d. Web. 29 May 2019.
WolframAlpha. Computional Intelligence. n.d. Web. 29 May 2019.