GENERAL SPECIFICATION

ATTACHMENT I

TO SPECIFICATION 502

WELDING OF FERRITIC/AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

9 230902 JRO Change of Layout JRO DZO

8 111200 CZY Name Change JRO CvB

7 071100 GvS Update paragraph 1.4 JRO CvB

6 040899 GvS Change Company JRO CvB

5 010996 GvS JRO CvB

4 160596 GvS General update JRO CvB

REV DATE ORIG. DESCRIPTION CHECKED APPROVED

ATTACHMENT I Sheet Revision

GDF PRODUCTION NEDERLAND B.V.
to Specification 502 1 of 21 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 References
1.3 Abbreviations and Description
1.4 Transport, Storage and Preparation
1.5 Documentation

2.0 WELDING CONSUMABLES

2.1 Electrodes, Wire and Flux
2.2 Condition of Storage

3.0 WELDING PROCEDURES

3.1 General
3.2 Welding Procedure Specification
3.3 Welding Procedure Qualification
3.4 Procedure Qualification Record
3.5 Inspection of Procedure Qualification Test Welds
3.6 Quality Requirements

4.0 WELDER'S COMPETENCE CERTIFICATES

4.1 General
4.2 Making of Welds
4.3 Applicability of Welder and Welding Operator
4.4 Retests
4.5 Welder Qualification Record

5.0 PRODUCTION WELDING

5.1 General
5.2 Weather Protection
5.3 Handling and Usage of Welding Consumables
5.4 Welding End Preparation
5.5 Backing Strips
5.6 Welding Process, Position and Progression
5.7 Argon Gas Purging inside Pipes
5.8 Heat Input Preheating and Interpass Temperatures
5.9 Weld Interruption
5.10 Cleaning
5.11 Size of Welds
5.12 Distance between Welds
5.13 Socket Welds
5.14 Weld Finish
5.15 Post Weld Heat Treatment
6.0 FABRICATION
6.1 General
6.2 Bending
6.3 Alignment and Fit-ups
6.4 Finishing of Surfaces
6.5 Protection of Pipe-Ends
6.6 Repair and Remedial Procedures

7.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING

7.1 General
7.2 Methods of Inspection, Testing and Quality Requirements

APPENDIX I Recommended Manufacturers for Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Components and

recommended Suppliers of Consumables for welding this Stainless Steel

APPENDIX II Recommended Joint Preparation

APPENDIX III Example of Welding Procedure Specification

APPENDIX IV Example of Laboratory Test Report

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 3 of 21

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Scope

This document as part of Specification 502 covers the requirements of welding and inspection of
duplex stainless steel shop and field fabricated piping.
Duplex stainless steel shall refer ferritic/austenitic stainless steel with a chemical composition and
mechanical properties as defined in VdTüV Werkstoffblatt Nr. 418, DIN Werkstoff Nr. 1.4462.

1.2 References

The following specifications, codes and standards are to be considered where applicable. All
conflicts between the requirements of these relevant shall be referred to Company for resolution. In
case of conflicts between the documents listed and this document, the most stringent requirement
shall govern. The latest editions of the following standards and codes shall apply:

- "Rules for Pressure Vessels" published for Stoomwezen B.V. hereafter indicated as
Stoomwezen Rules.
- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes, Section V, Section VIII Division 1 and Section
IX.
- List of approved welding electrodes of "Controlas"
- International Welding Institute
* IIW/IIS 492-75 Recommended practice for the radiographic inspection of circumferential
welded butt joints in steel pipes upto 2" (50 mm) wall thickness.
* IIW/IIS 62-60 Recommended practice concerning radiographic image quality indicators
I.Q.I.
- DIN 54109, Teil 1, May 1976, and Blatt 2, October 1964.
"Bildgüte von Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen an metallischen Werkstoffen".
- NEN 2512 (1977) Radiografisch onderzoek van lasverbindingen in staal.
- NEN 2517 - Radiografisch onderzoek van lasverbindingen in staal - Minimum beeld
kwaliteitswaarden
- ASNT SNT-TC-1A None-destructive testing
- ASTM A 262-85 Recommended practices for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack
in austenitic stainless steel.
- ASTM A 370-77 Methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products.
- ASTM E 94-84a- Guides for radiographic testing.
- ASTM E 165-80 (1983) Practice for liquid penetrant inspection.
- ASTM G 30-79 (1984) Practice for making and using U-bend stress corrosion test
specimens.
- ASTM G 48-76 (1980) Test methods for pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of stainless
steel and related alloys by the use of ferric chloride solution.
- ISO 2560 Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of mild steel and low alloy steel - Code
of symbols for identification
- Specification no. 503, Specification for pipe, fittings and valves.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 4 of 21

1.3 Abbreviations

BM : Base Metal
EFN : Extended Ferrite Number
GMAW : Gas Metal Arc Welding
HAZ : Heat Affected Zone
IIW : International Institute of Welding
NDT : None Destructive Test
PQR : Procedure Qualification Record
QA : Quality Assurance
QC : Quality Control
SAW : Submerged Arc Welding
SMAW : Shielded Metal Arc Welding
WM : Weld Metal
WPS : Welding Procedure Specifications
WPQ : Welding Procedure Qualifications

1.4 Transport, Storage handling and Preparation

The following recommendations shall be adopted in every step in the manufacturing process to
reduce the risk of surface contamination of this type of stainless steel.

a. Any contact between stainless steel and carbon steel components shall be avoided.
Fabrication of pipe spool shall be carried out in a separate area.
b. Before transportation and field installation each pipe spool shall be protected with tape.
c. Only stainless steel wire brushes that have not been used on any other material shall be used.
Grinding wheels used for stainless steel shall not have been used for other purposes. Earthing
clamps for welding and cutting should be made of stainless steel.
d. Moisture shall be removed by carefully and controlled heating with a torch. Skin temperature
shall not exceed 150 °C.
e. Acetone (or approved equivalent) may be used for cleaning stainless steel surfaces. Caution:
Acetone is extremely flammable within one hour before welding.
f. Arc cutting shall be done by using only plasma arc process.
g. Contamination of Duplex stainless steel with zinc, etc. shall not be permitted.
h. Handling equipment, such as slings, hooks, and lift truck forks, shall be protected by clean
wood, cloth, or plastic buffers to exclude contact with the stainless steel surface. These
protection means shall be immediately replaced after any contact with carbon steel.
i. Stainless steel shall be stored indoors, or otherwise protected from moisture, dust, salt, iron
particles, and other matter that may initiate or cause corrosion.
l. If any construction activity is to be carried out in the vicinity of installed duplex or stainless steel
piping and/or equipment, adequate protection shall be provided to prevent any damage before
such construction work commences.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 5 of 21

1.5 Documentation

The following documentation shall be supplied by the Contractor:

- Mill certificates of materials used if the material is supplied by the Contractor (See specification
503 and "Stoomwezen Rules")
- Welding Procedure Specifications, Procedure qualification records and welders certificates
- Procedures and methods for assembly, fabrication and handling
- Procedures for repairs
- Inspection and QC procedures
- Non destructive testing records and radiograph films
- Drawings indicating material and NDT locations
- Hydrotest records, including instruments calibration data

2.0 WELDING CONSUMABLES

2.1 Electrodes, Wire and Flux

Consumables from Company approved suppliers only shall be used (see Appendix to this
attachment). Consumables shall have a similar chemical analysis to that of the base material,
however, the nickel content shall at least be 7.7 percent.

The weld metal should have a corrosion resistance equal to, or better than, the base metal.

2.2 Condition of Storage

Electrodes, wire and flux shall be supplied in fully sealed packages and stored in a dry storage room.
All manual type electrodes shall be properly identifiable up to the time of usage, each electrode being
distinguished by proper coding. In the coding is destroyed by baking, handling, or other causes, the
electrodes shall not be used.

Consumables used for welding duplex stainless steel shall not be stored in heated cabinets containing
electrodes of other types, such as rutile or organic type electrodes or consumables for welding other
types of stainless steel e.g. AISI Type 316L.

Wire spool for automatic and semi-automatic processes shall be stored in cabinets with supplier
wrapping not removed and remain clearly identifiable up to the time of usage.

Unidentifiable wire shall not be used.

Flex shall be supplied and stored, in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

Each batch of flux and wire shall be labelled with the information from the supply container. The
labels with batch number shall be recorded by reference in relation to the actual welding work.
All non-identified, damaged, wet, rusty or otherwise contaminated consumables are to be scrapped.
Electrodes (once melted) or with white spots on the flux shall not be used.

All bottles containing shielding gases shall have clear identification labels.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 6 of 21

3.0 WELDING PROCEDURES

3.1 General

Detailed welding procedure shall be established and qualified in accordance with Stoomwezen Rules
(T-0210 and as further required in this Specification (see also OW 291 of ASME Section IX, Part
QW-201).

No production welding shall commence until the appropriate procedure tests have been completed
and approved.

Repair welding procedures are to be established and, where necessary, qualified.

3.2 Welding Procedure Specifications WPS

A written welding procedure specification together with test certificates indicating mechanical
properties and chemical analyses of both base materials and welding consumables shall be submitted
to the Company representative for preliminary approval.

No procedure qualification tests shall be performed until the procedure specification has been
granted preliminary approval by the Company representative.

Welding procedure specifications shall contain the following "applicable parameters" with all
explanatory details necessary (see also ASME Section IX, part QW-250):

- Material specification of base metals.

- Welding process.
- Wall thickness and diameter range used for procedure qualification (chemical analyses and
mechanical properties of the base material and welding consumables used for the procedure
tests shall be included in the welding procedure qualification record).
- Geometry of welding groove showing allowable tolerances.
- Root gap showing allowable tolerances.
- Welding position and direction.
- Filler metal classification.
- Specification of flex.
- Specification of flux.
- Gas shielding - flow, mixture, composition (to include back purging).
- Number and sequence of the important passes (indicate stringer or weave beads).
- Welding current range, voltage range and polarity.
- Travel speed or electrode runout length for each pass and range.
- Heat input range.
- Preheat and interpass temperatures.
- Method of cleaning, cutting and machining if applicable.

When any changes in these parameters are made, the welding procedure qualification shall be set
up as a new WPS, and shall be completely re-qualified.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 7 of 21

3.3 Welding Procedure Qualification WPQ

A qualified welding procedure specification is one which is tested to and has achieved the
requirements of this Specification, and has been witnessed and approved by the Company's
representative and the Certifying Authority.

The Contractor shall conduct the tests required to qualify each procedure and tests shall be
witnessed by the Company representative and the Certifying Authority. The results of previous
welding procedure qualification tests may be accepted by the Company's representative and the
Certifying Authority providing:

a. Welding specifications and resulting test certificates are authenticated by the original
documentation, or by certified copies.

b. The Contractor submits documentation, for the approval of the Company representative, to
demonstrate that all the appropriate test requirements, applicable parameters, welding
conditions, equipment and materials as used in the original welding procedure qualification
tests, comply with and fulfil all the appropriate test requirements of this Specification.

All services in connection with the establishment of welding procedures, welders performance
qualifications, related tests and additional corrosion tests shall be by the Contractor.

Qualification of a welding procedure is restricted to the Contractor or Subcontractor where the test
weld was produced.

Welding procedure and welders performance qualification shall be new and subject to approval by
Company's representative.

Welding procedure qualification tests shall be conducted to verify the WPS's, and shall simulate, as
far as practical the conditions and materials to be used for production welding.

A qualified procedure is valid only for diameters and thickness in accordance with Stoomwezen
Rules T 0210.

3.4 Procedure Qualification Record PQR

The specific facts of the WPS and test results of the WPQ shall be recorded in the procedure
qualification record PQR, signed by the responsible welding engineer, QA engineer and Certifying
Authority.

3.5 Inspection of Procedure Qualification Test Welds

The base material, welding consumables and welding process shall be equal to those as specified
in the welding procedure specification WPS.

Dimensions of the weld samples shall be sufficient to provide for the required test pieces as defined
in the Stoomwezen Rules T 0220.

During welding, the welder's name and all data listed in the WPS shall be recorded.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 8 of 21

3.6 Quality Requirements

All weld samples for the procedure qualification shall be subject to NDT (radiographic, ultrasonic
testing and surface examination) and acceptance in accordance with this Specification prior to
mechanical testing. The acceptance criteria for mechanical testing shall be in accordance with
Stoomwezen Rules T 0210.

A cross-section of the weld shall be made for microscopic and a macroscopic investigation. The
cross-section shall clearly show the weld metal, fusion line and heat affected zone. The ferrite
content shall be measured using a magna-gage equipment or an alternative tool approved by the
Company. At least 5 measurements shall be made. The ferrite content shall be expressed in a
extended ferrite number EFN and the average value shall be between 40 and 65 for the weld metal
and heat affected zone. Any single value shall not exceed a 10% of these values.

Hardness tests shall be carried out at one line 2 mm away from both surfaces of weld cross-section
and halfway between these surfaces. Zones of indentations should give three values in the base
material BM on both sides of the weld in addition to those in the weld metal WM and heat affected
zone HAZ.

The minimum distance between the indentations should be two and half times the width of the
previous indentation. The maximum allowable hardness measured is 305 HV 30 (305 Vickers
hardness measured on 30 kg load). Maximum allowable hardness variation between any point
indicated may be 100 HV 30.

Charpy-V notch impact test shall be carried out when the wall thickness of pipe or fitting exceeds
5 mm.
Three notch impact test pieces (standard specimen 10 x 10 mm) shall be taken in transverse
direction on the weld and shall be tested at Vt-test temperature in accordance with Stoomwezen
requirements for an Vc-assessment temperature of minus 20 degrees centigrade. The average impact
value shall not be less than 52 Joule with only one value lower, but not below 39 Joule.
The dimensions, preparation and testing of the impact test specimens shall be in accordance with
ISO 2560.
Subsized specimen may be used when standard specimen cannot be prepared. In this case the
required values may be lowered accordingly.

4.0 WELDERS'S COMPETENCE CERTIFICATES

4.1 General

Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of the
Stoomwezen Rules in accordance with the requirements of the Stoomwezen Rules T 0215 and of
this Specification. Where radiography is specified only X-ray shall be used. Mechanical testing is
as required by Stoomwezen Rules T 0215.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 9 of 21

4.2 Marking of Welds

The welder shall clearly mark the pipe adjacent to his weld with the identification mark assigned to
him in his qualification certificate prior to starting the root pass.

Tack welding of components should not be marked.

Marking shall be done with weather-proof chalk (chloride-free crayon).

The use of stamps for marking the welds is not allowed.

The welder/operator who makes the root pass shall write his code at the top of the pipe; if, however,
two welder/operators weld the root pass, each welder/operator shall mark the top of the pipe with
his identification code on the side on which has worked. Subsequent welders/operators shall write
their identification codes below the first code in the sequence in which they work. The identification
marks may not be removed until after the welds have been inspected both visually and non-
destructively.

4.3 Applicability of Welder and Welding Operator Qualification

The Contractor shall ensure that qualified welders and welding operators are employed during
fabrication only on welding the type, process and position of weld for which their qualification test
so qualifies them. Proven previous qualifications can be submitted to Company for acceptance. A
welder or welding operator may also be required to re-qualify if inspection during fabrication reveals
that repairs are necessary due to unacceptable defects.

The Contractor shall maintain an accurate record of the performance of each welder which should
show the repair rate.

The repair rate should be indicated as a percentage of the total length of weld produced.

4.4 Retests

Retests are not accepted and only considered after consulting Company's representative.

4.5 Welder Qualification Record

A Welder's qualification record, which includes references or the corresponding WPS nr., the
applicable parameters and the test results, shall be issued for each welder or welding operator and
for each test.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 10 of 21

5.0 PRODUCTION WELDING

5.1 General

No welding shall be carried out before the welding procedures and procedure qualification records
are completed and approved and the welders have been qualified.

Preparation and welding of pipe components shall be in accordance with the appropriate qualified
welding procedure specifications. Manual electrodes, wire and flux shall be of the same type and
manufacture as those used in the procedure.
No welding shall be done until as much of the pipeline or piping system as will be stiffened thereby
has been properly aligned.

Every buttweld preparation, before welding, will be inspected and approved by Company's
representative.

The Company will have the right to carry out any concurrent test deemed necessary when any
deviation from this specification is made.

Attention is to be given to the necessity of achieving adequate firm support of the pipe components
in both the vertical and horizontal plane.

Alignment and fit-ups for two pipe components shall be in accordance with para. 6.3.

Current return cables of welding equipment shall be connected directly to the pipe on which welding
work is to be done using stainless steel clamps.

Marking of welds shall be in accordance with para. 4.2.

5.2 Weather Protection

Shelters giving adequate protection at all times to the weld area from wind, rain and moisture shall
be provided.

No welding shall be carried out when the weld surfaces are wet, moist or when the work area is
exposed to winds.

Following is required:

- Weld surfaces to be thoroughly dried by heating. High metal skin temperature shall be avoided
and shall not exceed 150 deg. C.
- Provisions to be made for maintaining a satisfactory surrounding temperature and freedom from
the effects of wind.
- Provisions to be made to reduce distortion as could occur due to differences in temperature
between components.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 11 of 21

5.3 Handling and usage of welding consumables

Welding rods, electrodes, filter metals and fluxes shall be handled and used in accordance with the
manufactures recommendations.

5.4 Welding End Preparation

The equipment used for edge preparation and cleaning (e.g. plasma cutting, grinding, machining,
emery cloth, grit blasting using alumina shot, wire brushing using a stainless steel wire brush, etc.)
shall cause no detrimental metallurgical effects upon the edges to be welded.

Edge preparations may be made by shearing machining or hand grinding to an accurate form.

Preparation of weld edges by plasma cutting shall, wherever practical, be done with a mechanically
guided torch. Edges shall be left free of slag, spatter, scale, dirt, grease, salt, protective coating or
other foreign matter which might effect the quality of the weld and the cut surface shall be ground
to a smooth bright uniform surface by removing approximately 0.5 mm of metal. After grinding the
weld edges shall be visually examined to ensure freedom from defects.

Any bevelled edge that has been damaged shall be restored within the tolerances required by the
welding procedure to be applied.
Restoration involving welding shall not be permitted.

The welding end preparation shall be carried out in accordance with minimum requirements
stipulated in Appendix II and shall be subjected to Company approval.

5.5 Backing Strips

Backing strips shall not be allowed.

5.6 Welding Process, Position and Progression

The welding process, procedures and specifications shall be subjected to Company approval.

5.6..1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding GTAW (TIG)

To ensure a high-quality weld with a smooth surface inside the pipe, GTAW-welding is required for
the root-bead.

Manual and automatic GTAW process in the uphill progression only.

Special care shall be taken to protect the weld area from any draught, both externally and internally.

99.998 percent argon backing and shielding gas is always required throughout welding. Oxidation
caused by the welding procedure and/or process shall not be allowed. Flushing with argon before
welding will be required. The oxygen content of the backing gas directly before welding shall be
determined with oxygen measuring equipment and shall be less than 0.05 percent.
Between welding passes, the metal should be allowed to cool to approximately 150 deg. C.
For a high quality of welding, ferritic austenitic stainless steel material should be at a temperature of
at least 15 deg. C before welding.
Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 12 of 21
 Overheating may also cause cracks, and these, too, must be removed and repaired
(see paragraph 6.6).

When welding pipe, for best results weld short passes on alternate sides of the pipe. On pipe less
than 6 inch in diameter, each pass should be not over 2 inch in length for pipe 6 inch, or over in
diameter, each pass may be 3 inch in length.

5.6.2 Submerged-Arc Welding SAW

This shall be done in a flat position and the pipe shall be rotated. This process shall only be used for
filling and capping. Wire and flux shall be from the same manufacturer.

5.6.3 Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMAW

Electrodes shall only be used for filling and capping and only in the position recommended by the
manufacturer.

5.7 Argon Gas Purging inside Pipes

In order to avoid surface oxidation during welding process ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipes must
be purged with 99.998 percent argon backing gas sufficiently to remove all oxygen inside the pipe
in the weld area. The usual way to achieve this is to seal off a small length of the pipe on each side
of the weld groove. This restricted volume is then purged with a suitable inert gas, sufficient to
remove all oxygen.
Devices and procedures shall be subjected to Company approval.

5.8 Heat Input, Preheating and Interpass Temperatures

Heat input during welding should be kept low to reduce the danger of unwanted structures and
precipitates.

For this reason the degree of dilution must be kept low. Two layers with little weld metal deposited
are better than one layer with higher heat input and more deposited weld metal.

Preheating is usually not required. A limited preheating may be required in highly constraint
conditions and only considered after consulting Company's representative. The maximum preheat
and interpass temperature shall not exceed 150 deg. C.

5.9 Weld Interruption

Welding of each weld shall be a continuous operation unless the maximum interpass temperature is
reached.
Line up clamps shall not be removed nor shall the pipe be moved until the root and the second pass
have been completed.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 13 of 21

5.10 Cleaning

During welding any part of the weld metal of parent plate exposed to the air at elevated temperature
will become oxidised, the oxidation is ranging from light tinting to a black scale. Oxide shall be
removed after each welding root, otherwise preferential corrosion may result, either from its
difference in electrochemical properties or from its crevice action.

Upon completion of each welding pass, the weld shall be cleaned of spatter, slag and flux deposits.
After welding is completed, adjacent surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of all spatter and deposits,
pickled and passivated in accordance with an approved procedure by Company's representative.

To ensure the corrosion resistance of pipelines and piping systems and the passage of pipeline
scrappers and other similar devices through the completed lines it is of particular importance that the
internal surface of pipes be as smooth as possible and free from all internal welding beads, slag
particles, weld spatter etc.

Special care shall be given to the selection of the cleaning equipment and the rules defined in para.
1.4 shall be followed.

5.11 Size of Welds

All welds shall be continuous and multipass. They shall be properly sized to develop the full strength
of the thinner of the two pipe components joined.

5.12 Distance Between Welds

The number of welds shall be as small as possible. In general the minimum allowable distance
between circumferential welds is 3 times the external diameter of the pipe.

If any 3 m a maximum of 2 welds is allowed unless otherwise specified on the drawings.

5.13 Socket Welds

Socket weld fittings shall be used in special cases only with preliminary approval by the Company's
representative.

Where socket weld fittings or valves are used pipe sections shall be spaced approx. 1.5 mm apart
to avoid "bottoming" which can result in excessive weld stress. Approved welding procedures are
to be adhered to.

5.14 Weld Finish

Welds shall be left as welded and not be treated with a torch or by any mechanical means outside
the allowances of the welding procedure specification to change their appearance.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 14 of 21

5.15 Post Weld Heat Treatment

Post weld heat treatment is not permitted.

Any uncontrolled heating of the pipe may impede the corrosion resistance of the material and shall
be reported to the Company.

6.0 FABRICATION

6.1 General

All measures shall be taken to ensure correct positioning and sizing of the components to be welded.

Work shall not be performed when the weather and/or lack of sufficient protection does not permit
satisfactory workmanship or when conditions prevent adequate inspection.

If any fabrication is to be carried out in the vicinity of equipment already installed than, before such
fabrication work commences, adequate protection shall be provided to prevent any damage from
weld spatter, cutting droplets etc.

Care shall be taken to avoid overloading, damage or undue deformation in any of the pipe
components at all stages of the work.

Care shall be taken to avoid any zinc contamination of the stainless steel e.g. by overspray of zinc
containing coatings.

Handling of the stainless steel pipe components shall be done with great care and the measures
outlined in para. 1.4 shall be followed.

6.2 Bending

Bending of duplex stainless steel pipe requires great care and procedures shall be approved by the
Company before any bending commences. It is usually required to heat treat the material after
bending (1050 deg. C/water quench).

6.3 Alignment and Fit-ups

Internal line-up clamps of appropriate material shall be used where possible

Only for tie-in welds such as riser tie-ins and for special welds e.g. joints connecting valves, flanges
and fittings external line-up clamps may be used.

When the internal diameter is 100 mm or less an external line-up clamp may be used.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 15 of 21

 Inside diameter misalignment of the adjoining welding ends shall not exceed 1/8 of the wall thickness
with a maximum of 1 mm. If the misalignment exceeds the above value trimming at the internal
diameter of the thicker joint to a taper of 1 : 4 should be properly corrected.

Stainless steel spacing tools shall be used in conjunction with the line-up clamp to assure the proper
joint spacing which shall be in line with the applicable welding procedure.

Any longitudinal welds in pipes shall be so positioned that the weld is at the top 120° of the pipe and
any two adjacent longitudinal welds shall be at least 45° apart.

6.4 Finishing of Surfaces

When fabrication is completed, all welds shall be ground as indicated in the welding procedures or
on the drawings to allow proper radiographic or ultrasonic inspection, and to remove all detrimental
spatter, burrs, tack welds and other marks. Where so required the damage shall be rectified in
accordance with an agreed procedure.

6.5 Protection of Pipe Ends

A circular tight cap, of a design which will not damage pipe ends shall be used to cover the open
ends of the pipe and shall be placed on the line at the end of each day's work to prevent entry of
foreign material. Caps shall not be removed until commencement of the following day's work. The
requirements to protect the stainless steel as defined in para. 1.4 shall be adhered to.

All open ends of pipe ate to be capped off and sealed once installation in completed. This protection
shall be in line with para. 1.4.

6.6 Repair and Removal Procedures

Defective welds shall not be repaired before approval of Company in obtained.

All repairs shall be executed by qualified welders according to approved procedures and all
requirements of this Specification shall be met.

The removal of weld metal or portions of the base metal may be done by machining or grinding. High
metal skin temperature shall be avoided and shall not exceed 150 deg. C. The unacceptable portions
of the weld shall be removed without substantial removal of the base metal and shall be done in such
a manner that the remaining weld metal or base metal is not nicked or undercut. The grooves are
to be free from scale and to have acceptable contours, and shall be visually and dye penetrant
inspected prior to re-welding to ensure the defect has been completely removed.

Additional weld metal to compensate for any deficiency in size shall be deposited using procedures
as required in the making of the original weld. The surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned before
depositing the additional weld metal.
Local repairs shall normally be inspected 100% by the method prescribed for the original weld with
due regard to confirming that the original defect has been removed.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 16 of 21

 Every possible care shall be taken with repairs to minimise welding stresses.

If planar defects (cracks, lamellar tears, etc.) have to be repaired, every effort shall be made to
prevent propagation of the defect during its removal. Dye penetrant inspection shall be carried out
to check for the complete removal of the defect.

A weld with unacceptable defects may only be repaired once by Company approved repair
procedure. If the repair is not acceptable the complete weld shall be removed.

An unacceptable weld shall be repaired or replaced in accordance with all above clauses. Where
repair is selected, the following measures are required:

- Overlap or excessive convexity - remove excessive weld metal.

- Excessive concavity of weld or craters, undersized welds, undercutting - prepare surfaces and
deposit additional weld metal.
- Excessive weld porosity, excessive slag inclusions, heavy metal inclusions, incomplete fusion
or planar defects - remove unacceptable portions and re-weld.

7.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS

7.1 General

Written NDT procedures approved by the Company shall be prepared. All operations shall be
performed in accordance with these procedures.

All personnel performing welding inspection or non-destructive testing shall be qualified, as required
by ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, to NDT Level II in the technique to be
applied, or to a Company approved equivalent qualification.

7.2 Methods of Inspection, Testing and Quality Requirements

7.2.1 Radiographic Examination

All radiography shall be carried out in accordance with the method described in Stoomwezen Rules
T 0201.

Radiography implies the use of only X-ray tests. Gamma-ray tests may, in specific cases, be
accepted by an approved procedure. Cobalt-60 isotapes shall not be used.

Radiographs shall be supplemented by ultrasonic testing accompanied by dye penetrant testing

where there is reason to suspect planar defects such as cracks or lack of fusion.

Radiographs shall be made using a film equal to ASTM E-94 Type 1.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 17 of 21

 Film

Type Speed Contrast Grain Examples

1 Slow Very High Very Fine Kodak Industrex M
Kodak Industrex TMX
Kodak Industrex T
Agfa D2
Agfa D4

Prepacked films e.g. roll pack may be used.

Rigid or flexible cassettes may be applied.
Only lead screens shall be used.

Penetrameters of the wire type (DIN or IIW) shall normally be used.

As far as practical internal sources i.e. crawlers shall be used. This is possible for pipelines of 8"
diameter and larger. In cases where the source can not be placed inside the pipe the double wall,
single image technique shall be applied as much as possible. Measures shall be taken that the
stainless steel pipe shall not be contaminated by the inspection equipment.

The sensitivity shall be 2% or better. The film density shall be between 2 and 3. Denser radiographs
are acceptable if adequate viewer capacity is available.

A continuous numbering system shall be used for each individual sheet of film. Lead letters should
be affixed to each section of the weld being radiographed. The images of these letters shall appear
on the radiograph to ensure unequivocal identification of the section.

Markers, in the form of lead arrows or other symbols, shall be placed alongside of the weld so that
its position can be identified on the radiograph.

The film shall be processed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. The radiographs
shall be free from imperfections due to processing, or other defects which would interfere with
interpretation.

7.2.2. Ultrasonic Examination

Ultrasonic examination may be used in lieu of radiographic examination. The method shall be
selected such that the progress of the construction is not affected.

All ultrasonic examination work shall be carried out in accordance with the methods described in
T 0202.

Since the experience with ultrasonic examination of welds in duplex stainless steel is limited the
inspection procedure shall be qualified on a weld produced with the welding procedure to be used
for the project and with the IIW reference blocks VI and V2.
Welds shall be judged in accordance with para. 7.2.7.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 18 of 21

7.2.3 Dye Penetrant Examination
Dye penetrant inspection shall be carried out in accordance with ASTM E-165 and T 0203V.

Any weld or area which is tested by means of dye penetrant testing shall be judged unacceptable
if any crack, regardless of size, is revealed.

7.2.4 Testpieces
A test piece may be requested to be made during normal production welding to allow a metallurgical
examination and corrosion testing of the deposited weld.

When NDT cannot be carried out or gives inconclusive results, a section of the component or
welded area shall be cut out and removed for testing and the joint shall be restored by welding back
in a piece of duplex stainless steel similar in quality, thickness and size to that removed.

Subsequent mechanical testing shall be carried out in accordance with this Specification.

7.2.5 Pre-Welding Inspection

All materials shall be subject to visual inspection for surface defects, laminations at ends, etc.

All preparations and repaired preparations shall normally be inspected.

7.2.6 Inspection After Welding

All weld surfaces shall be visually inspected and there shall be free of dents, cracks, craters,
pinholes, weld spatter, residual slag, pits, laps and other harmful surface defects.

All welds shall be fully radiographed.

When radiography is not practical or where the Company's representative requires a further
examination of a weld to assist in the evaluation of suspected defects, ultrasonic examination and/or
dye penetrant testing may be used.

7.2.7 Standards on Inspection

- Porosity (I.I.W. Codes-Aa and Ab)
The maximum dimension of any individual gas pocket shall not exceed 2 mm or 25% of the wall
thickness, whichever is the lesser. The sum of the diameters of the individual gas pockets shall not
exceed twice the wall thickness (2t) in any continuous 300 mm length of weld.

Cluster porosity is a series of gas pockets (5 or more) in a 25 mm length of weld. The permissible
diameter of each gas pocket shall be exceed 2 mm or 25% of the wall thickness, whichever is the
lesser. The sum of the diameters of gas pockets in a cluster shall not exceed a length equal to the
wall thickness. In any continuous 300 mm length of weld there shall be not more than two clusters
which shall be separated by at least 100 mm of sound weld metal.

Worm holes shall not be longer than the pipe wall thickness and shall be separated by at least a
distance equal to the length of the longest worm hole.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 19 of 21

 Discontinuous worm holes in the weld penetration are permitted provided that they are less than 1.5
mm in diameter and each uninterrupted section does not exceed two times the pipe wall thickness
in length and provided that the distance separating the individual sections of worm hole is also at
least two times the wall thickness. Worm holes running in a radial or roughly radial direction are not
permitted.

- Separated Slag Inclusions (I.I.W. Code - Ba)

Separated slag inclusions shall not exceed 3 mm measured in any direction or 25% of wall thickness
if this is less than 3 mm.
The total length of these inclusions in any continuous 300 mm length of weld shall be less than 12
mm. The separated slag inclusions shall be spaced at least 50 mm apart, the intervening weld being
of good quality.

- Slag Lines (I.I.W. Code - Bb)

Slag lines shall not exceed 6.6 mm in length or 1.5 mm in depth and width. The total length of slag
lines in any continuous 300 mm length of weld shall be less than 50 mm. Individual slag lines shall
be separated from each other by a distance of at least 150 mm the intervening weld being of good
quality. Parallel slag lines shall be regarded as individual weld defects of their widths exceed 1 mm.

- Lack of Fusion (I.I.W. Code -C)

Lack of fusion in the welds run is acceptable.

- Burn-Throughs (I.I.W. Code - D)

Any individual burn-through in a weld shall not exceed 12 mm in length. The sum of the lengths of
individual burn-throughs in any continuous 300 mm length of weld shall not exceed 25 mm.
The total length of burn-throughs in each completed weld shall not exceed 500 mm. Individual burn
throughs shall be separated from each other by a distance of at least
150 mm, the intervening weld being of good quality. Burn-throughs shall under no circumstances be
sharp and shall not exceed a depth of 25% of the pipe wall thickness with a maximum of 2 mm.

- Excess Penetration
The weld penetration must be sufficient, but not more than 2 mm in general.
Individual excessive penetration (droplets of weld material) due to local sag-through of the weld pool
is permitted up to a maximum of 3 mm. The total size of the penetration in one weld shall not exceed
4% of the total weld length of that particular weld. The distance between individual excessive
penetration areas shall not be less than 50 mm.

- Incomplete Penetration (I.I.W. Code - D)

Sharp incomplete penetration is not accepted. Concave incomplete penetration shall not exceed a
length of 25 mm in any continuous 200 mm length of weld, the depth of this hollow incomplete
penetration not exceeding 10% of the pipe wall thickness with a maximum of 1 mm. Individual
occurrences of incomplete penetration shall be separated from each other by a distance of at least
100 mm, the intervening weld being of good quality. In double-sided welds, root defects are not
permitted.

- Cracks
Neither welds with cracks nor crater cracks caused by shrinkage are permitted.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 20 of 21

 - Undercutting
Both external and internal undercutting shall not exceed 50 mm in length or 0.5 mm in depth and it
shall not be of a sharp nature.

- Combination of Weld Defects

If the total length of all weld defects mentioned in the preceding paragraphs amounts to 10% or more
of the total weld length, the weld shall be rejected. The weld shall also be rejected if the total length
of weld defects exceeds 50 mm in any continuous 300 mm length of weld.

- Weld Length
In the case of a total weld length of 300 mm or less the length of the permissible defects and the
required length of sound material between these defects shall be decreased proportionally.

7.2.8 Weld Rejection Report

The report on each rejected weld shall state the identification number of the weld and the name of
the welder/operator as well as the reason for rejection of the weld.
The International Institute of Welding code shall be used for indicating the reason.

7.2.9 Right of Rejection

Since non-destructive testing methods show only dimensions of defects, Company may reject welds
if the depth of the defects effects the strength of the weld irrespective of the fact that these welds
seem to meet the standards of inspection.

7.2.10 Assessment of Indications on Radiographs in the Pipe Material Adjacent to Welds Being Inspected
Welds and adjacent pipe material showing indications the pipe material next to the weld has been
damaged in any way whatsoever (e.g. arc burns, damage of a sharp or deep nature, weld beads,
defects in the longitudinal seam of longitudinally welded pipe, etc.) shall be unacceptable.

7.2.11 Retests of Mechanical Properties

If a test piece does not meet the requirements, the cause should be established where possible. The
tests shall be repeated on two pipes or components taken at random from the same product lot, to
determine whether to reject or approve the whole lot. The contractor may consider reheattreating
the complete product lot. Above matters always to be performed in consultation with Company.

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 21 of 21

APPENDIX I

Recommended Manufacturers for Duplex Stainless Steel Werkstoff nr. 1.4462

SEAMLESS PIPES

DMV Stainless Italia S.r.L. - Italy

DMV Stainless France S.A. - France
DMV Stainless Deutschland GmbH - Germany
Sandvik AB - Sweden

LONGITUDINAL WELDED PIPES

H. Butting HmbH & Co. KG - Germany

Avesta AB - Sweden

SEAMLESS AND WELDED FITTINGS

Raccordi Forgiati SpA - Italy

Gam Raccordi Srl - Italy
Hage Fittings GmbH & Co Co. KG - Germany
S.S.E Pipefittings Ltd. - United Kingdom

FLANGES

Hammerschmiede van Triel GmbH & Co. KG - Germany

Ambrogio Melesi & Co. Srl - Italy

PLATES AND BENDS

Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH - Germany

Avesta B.V. - The Netherlands
Creusot-Loire Industrie - France

RAW MATERIAL (bar etc.)

Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH - Germany

Avesta B.V. - The Netherlands
Sandvik Benelux B.V. - The Netherlands
Foroni - Italy

Attachment I to Specification 502 Rev.9 Appendix I, page 1 of 1