Cental to moderna estates and epistemology was tho founda toa discovery af the aby of ine. Temporal cntnuums are ‘ot equivalent i al th pars tnd pointe: sezording tothe la of {teers wen yous somewhere in ime you are omewbe "holly seat, ot anally anywhere sone might bein. ‘sbi otros pare sarki ero Cailan orn deed ‘Bought and representation fr nary fie centres Th slow ten Feraton toward th ater, noerast model tat gee nt ony etry in ibs vt alsa i space, was Insugerte a the nine turn onary, smultansovaly i thro aiatine ss Bernhard ‘omanaisconcptof pace sr amanfoldaf qualitative distinct bat ‘eltbleeighborbnads he rt of moder topology, on Bale hgeomey and -arping general ues Ck ells they flectrmagnati ld, whi id the founds forthe therm Synamie theory of pare ratios and nally. hares Dewi’ ‘orton aatraslection, hich ought toexpalnbow fos devenp ‘deol result of inputs gthared ovr tine. ‘although these developments tok pce overs entry and abalt go and in many ways enter realy at the popular imagination ‘hd dlscusion, they arguably i ot ponsrate all that depiy sorprising? nly descends of Went African slaves. We have lit toule ‘Maoding tei log thai anothe hing ently Bu the wey Which otras are organised and combined within the aestieie rca given culture bes oerythingo do wit thfundemeatat Dresupposttions of how Natre sod Word are ordered onfrostng ‘orisofthisspathetc opt, would argue amounts toaneacountet td change, and we tril the Bety end pathos of these tore tlie they lao mist ei ore af enernoasvloe sod enning {ous itemise with misc we ae moved pic, chemically and ‘oto by those distibutlonandmodultionfroundevent ‘nd father, we te exquisitely tase oat oven the sublet art ‘Slosintbae ow Hearing although it istrey eked, nin ‘act the mart anon fhe ener far. Lats then begin to approach hee quis by aeknowaging that ‘herein ofneenity an underpin and poly isda sptenaticty out them, even fie one that carrnty ede We ned als ‘ttt ie allanrbetiproductians epetlly one hs that Invest space with order and potters in eepatale and dssplion fonet they eopresnt opts! practier i te most eral ob, "sercen punting lite American msi, bad alzedy undergone foandatonaland largely aflcan—ranaformations by the 180s To the works of midcastary Americas puters rach och Tock and Robert Ravachenog aoe se he emerge =typeof space fiat in the ute of th “tba ‘achnsaon of lta ‘ing te, pltur cnatrurion within tho boranmal plane end cna the oats on othe letra lb thre dasa ‘hj, oelading en tn own bodes a ayant perpatetars, Insoch awry aso poe lace aval lnndecape ond no longer rep. resentation tone! {ike psy all svelled advanced art scythe Sond Wor Wr, ‘pproacies the satus of rea things Into ol, they a ates ‘for themaeves This approach wet mos rigorously represented tn Aierizan panting bythe wor of Dspo Johns was ating allot targets, map and flag esl be sido funn nt tl a8 pangs ut ls erly etn v3 Job's approach 0 ‘ireles and srpes—acknowledges and bilan expos the us anny fis tnd promiarty of patter bated forms jects whose absteactdageams ‘be sid io beara ory high dees of corresondencs witht fern ded they ar ior Joins was wel known adi ges of eraliem, a by ontequenes = mastr pot of Aa. "The tation of eltsmeking in America ha been labored wll so many plas, Bt he patterns we ae considering Bare fer only ‘rs _and on only with sony an plafainens~t the fendemen {i erz's Dep South, are nrg fr several sons bat oe parent lack of sabe ort The econ museum, poverty of sanding with bie theea works wae pretend and wrtan ‘boat! "Te works are extraordinarily coral and vty and 5‘The prolon i forall ofthe currently fchonabeseymietis, Tors aria fac not trary i the est. They belong rater to = Invtimenot space. Tat us consider the ptt end se if wo cannot ind sumething prima, Indeed seen about them that old aint to ur Among the fit things one note upon examination of hist ‘ors are thn clear presenttons of patcher of ela, ce that Snteroping suber lain hetween pps re aco ‘Arsoad semanas therefore carious one eer tons lement {Ss constalnd” when ss positon and form are determined ya per ‘Spl lope and“ when eappeers tobe vandam Some ofthehmats that oad as fre stall loo to posepible regular terns thers set to appear frm aowbere aad stllocher sppest {be dotarise by the second lag that cronret the rt Topth cagh thei interply the elements are capable of fsing nto ‘ganizations and other mame costutdeseibere inthe same {el afosttportant so recognee the ack of lance ast ekeound aginet which one ends the India event. ot aon” lta lly aurpende aufoehoben rele i found ravnis “he rots of Aca- Amarin assets, eekly fhe wks ‘ic merge profound sated plas othe Ameian Soh, ‘requtecbvioaty tbe found in Arcee ot srpise then to Sete pny nanan san nape Po Instrument in afean muscles aliatunents tac stringed cna, incudng eve he voles nay ass a deployed ina percussive manne Why Decne ates ure prima species nc eng ye ‘pied, and thercoe perpetual enewe, order In Ace msi Ive of eure pray dren by rom, though woud be tore parnent town bere that Afi, msi the structrg ten thes, furor five disparate, cetaping and conflicts meters ‘ov ove another but rater eu ooron os ener comple nd ntrlled ways Aftian stare ls mote up of sparen eonet. Ingmetersthatarsuperpasodonooeanotbalthoughony Western ‘sparse thm at confieta neff they merge to forms dy ‘amleblac of eh nteraatd comply tha ln song ‘ustanding mytrie unas ata Knedgn Tas ben te ‘Shestly noted thn Alona dont id heir stucaresimprecoot ‘ident thy cnn reproduce complex plfnetreptterae act Count when they mabe must they sip dance I hs een often marked that Afan muslclans Hol in thelr beads end odie, ‘ncialy dee the than tone hy cal ply othe oe as when they at plying, Tie roe exauai aspect of Alan ‘osca bilianes snd lexi muse Keo she dominant ‘hyn efTl ints hed orhoins heh dancing precisely ‘nore nottobecompalidoexpressitinthe performance Tht fsdtoengage whats happening hee™rght herenowe Every perfor tof saree wo the apecfe duration] agian in which i unl. ‘This volotary metbodien suppression ofthe regulating ged or scat {ol isefered toby msisioglsts as mecranome sense Metronome ‘ene epreensatmatreragslar er etaronl tothe player that ero tras onar we so and her are "more or "atered” the {steroalupplayed one Thsinterneeguloting mechani, whaterer Sd wherever es of ours «ver dep thing tomo omy ‘Ses taf fom, the periodic structure of Uw Bo ad by extension ‘fal structures and Roe Is basedon ple an rest nd1 tls pe her inna ater guoeratrs tha ere more inked to car servous lated to tha metronome sane, the concept of apart playing Bach percussionist mst la hisorberowa tim butto dro mid a8 Inoue task ach drummer for thie rnsonpectcs the dsl Plo "playing spar focnes on his her shyt ed one ther Prthoonly This eneureeaclea dstnetionandaepartnn etre ompeting Mtns and guarentee the tbo the etre soond fabric to which onl hetaster drummer romans ciety atone ‘very dominoes independent entry pot for tbe drummer ‘Ther isnomainar unifying beat that pose ts oraniaton on tbe ‘hers, Peformance invlves the cretion ofl temporel mesh ven when the asta! eat i abect from the compos het ‘wold derivatives night be nde deploy “everyting ute Bost” ‘The problems of syncopated meter are exsedingly complex and ‘uve nat bon resolved by Western musclgits. Een afin da ‘mer donot master without moving tir bodies agtut ot be ‘neath he hye they beat But his phenomenon ea nods labors ‘aout reaton wo asue that Afcans can, The masts encore ‘ith establishing weosons and then alering tem end eovog then {rely around the muse spac, a oe ehh consuls nw ape ‘yeh, now another To flow her onions ahd thelr pages ormovementsreprerets a hghy novel ssa of form Teaing How Conse by way of one empl the notation of «drm soe fore ‘remot shown here The some bth lod dana yh Slog aul hoe Mex ot the tereglar thm of the second don ‘tonpert abd bow tdlibeetly exert pressure entheflw of ime Iotblshed no by aclock, ut hy eneber tytn patra embe ‘ean sho pla The second dondn pals atan noes ogetbe atshes other ons apart. This principle of-pressureie an important feature of Asean organisation it fot to produce elated ‘led and unsound ots tat blag tee embeded oraniing Saprem hat one fs ut dows 0 epic ae.To lsener et former in African muse abd rgua the vewectuser of Aiea texte, engage form aot sr peters ut pret rom wth Inthe workitee Onetalas ne place op within thease sesh, ‘onefindsone'stine int, Consider the Kuba tertile showing the contation ad ston rosso fet within e steady ptamic environment. Stayt Isachievd as tho result ofa simple croscat and superposition ef 8 oglestrabost. ‘Master drummers n fron atm ince in hes dlsiles on thos of conten" wor eo undoubtedly semen American fe, but eoanees ix an imported word ao at inported value, Col ‘ecco Alien Tere sm val nee lnportant im aican hes tha coolness. We ll fs wal equaled witht mea ‘ng sioe te word ume nt popular uae hgh Jas mui ieee tom thor cate to characterieetire words ad ways a ‘ing. atin fic Itearties specie ight consis and xtra ly eomplos meanings. As one Ghapaian drum master has character ‘ediesomething het oe n cool way” Ta the tea pressive rin rhythms never stand aloe but slays in sean tober hth Thuy ae responsive and recipe fala function aly nly within «Ki f convertion. What Ie aris and posibly unique aout Atkin musical performance is that one pradaxizally alates or subdans hth in ade oem Paseo to ake ill he better hoard. Acardlng to the lp of tine tension nchyhinicnremble estractare ines again posh tehiectare® But in ha Bsars wee ferrin to achieve tpi ‘atlon do inde sllent marelous work the atic of eal Tm Afi’ hythmle clare, rhythms ae an integral pat o every Hing sso shat maker asym intersting rials pantie affected by other yeh senqense runtresnlar to « Basopens saree iteration ‘rept that in Aeon music the wo prt each eye ndependentiy tergulty overlap. ath fetarewefind once again the appeertnce the syocoptin principe stil «new way as wall ste ease roaming of th wo lows of pater gana eachother a ona fanereof ke aatete strcte Thee source nt oly fem fers anertetordinry swinging ofl within the composition ane the Wa aod 19000 While would beipossibe oma a ach treo Aticn nse eure els woth pouting wo oct that He the other forms of yh exibityeeeay dscuaed, here fs hee peesurabl a controlled “ebering” fet that allows & omposional elemento appear in plac affareot than wheres suppose tobe, ee with hight plat cll oa nd maarmenian of hea soperpored line) It snot to dil ‘This arly wenteh-cnnay ples hes suicen power apd pal ‘ala lidave hae textos rouced by thelr coumterprts ‘same acest inthe Unite state. ary al toxin West afin arf tis yp, woven narrow ‘hybns thet sou orzotal oes to see {il this movement clr is enough oslapy aqui your eye oe ofthe phase shits tat you se, o “requeey modulation ‘vonthor wth atcha within thefndeldl dack oes {Ih tuted as random, While cortain sling elements are sag Aepopment ofstractureds here so cleo delibertathottherecan be ‘lofrom Wort Aion ga Then conser tagun une rider hat ‘embodies dentizlprineipes nd seit Consider Bot th ‘roornary prechoaof same af the aligasents and ier-align ‘mens andthe seeming icomprobensily end vegueess f some theaggegtions Then begin appreciate power of what ae of ‘merce’ st own Afiansthe plyflialedafekaiaces sik mange he Abe’ he Hegelinsoblation that simulaneouly suspends ed Preserves nly bere itpreserver veughsuspenson 1 Teverse migrations ove the entries, expe lolly fom Brazil and he Cribbean rally Cube) brought Hare ‘ean indlanand Now World muses oraie—-somefrgmentry see ‘whole—backintherlipsramtothe orginal Aresneatlon where ‘hey were refed and eran part th ew origin So-called AE ‘ean musi in ober worde, har aot been pray Arca in sera fenturies And yt ne matter ho much inflncs ie abeob regard leer af how ch changes, remsins fundamentally what aheaye edo many tn aieoat esto forms i ach conteJoe ofcourse the most ote rescence to whic gave rise sinc thocmergenc eek ral. Cath cltre i ot deprive Aticane oftheir drums we did th Americans, and jus invention Fepreana a conpenetory svcancling of mythos manipalaton into rowed spat and ality fe trai any chat he re ipo continues to dle ean ll musi! innovation ted ‘Th undeyng limpet to develop tine deve stags of iow ‘on prods rillant bt vastly aifrent results withinevery stat amie of tithe predominance nates lity oats aepitsher wosetonalit bar on eit slighty ff caster, that mage sgh, Bot not com fully systema sound gual. tics sing tito sven prefs major hay inte” yor ern tnpated chromate scale Blues Yopresnts—now fm_the seme resurzation and bending ofthe se eteriogproees tht introuces expected ements Iumapecte lacs while bth svspendingand firming maple fontradicory stractarer sultans. But wha i more ie ye ‘neg the concep nit typlily lsaesd by ethsamriclgit, ‘sth prinspies pute and of areuaton. Plas eee wade ing and ngasising prio within « mui! composition but thick othe sam a the Best Indeed i je prfraance, the Borteson ston tr aot the oes of the ple That pegs is erally acrorded tthe Bass Perhaps becuse to drum St ws @ lit arial nhs deepen the dum prohibits wo save) the preusie tradition went undergroud to mars erpecialy i ‘heveiceaadleerinleibe wi andhrvsinsroments sock athe ‘Stvoplone, Bathe ose angsbly assed the date ofthe rum ‘then ae drum was eal. The mystery ofthe pale remains at Ineettothiswriter—aough eindlatai and objectiey eit iinsamthingoneoan fol Tr mesneaothingmareeriostha tho iniscanuped by vor sopletisted wey of dicing up an patter ing ina Te 8 pute prosare system” almost hyealielike Cheflaws, The tts under eoaedeation bee might wry wll her {lve manifest tres of there emergent diving struts (hich ued nt be baa ots nal, hat {nn calling “ation” i the pinta enced ‘bythe nts Afric alling dus, rams whowe pth an tonal ity ae varia by the upper aah ofthe paper to eee a bypebaie Aiphongefact when paged Boawon Bow Bowe" Nesters ‘rum aprons studying a Asean countries often remak Bow master drummers actualy 37 specifi things with heir ums dar tng public performance, yp, pbc onus are the tat of ‘African rum pelormance vals ntended tbsp the baoght. tbe ‘rond andthe ridiculous tise) Musto Joh ater Cetoatt ‘cman Bow hie teacher sucessfully roqustd 1 cold eer to be rugit ota specie spectator Ginga performancn,atly twithatrike patterns ote talng drm, Upon analy coema be ono angeage ony i tonal nd hae the sity to mmie he fede veriaton of soar, So what x prota? Prosi a oo ‘ouldcallrorythmieseratarelttn would bea very mysterio ‘hinge ot 0 ea Prod refrst the tating othe ‘gdrermined not hy thn moth ut th bran the aiference ‘hat dsinguiaes ap sound fam the morphologically ental "b? (the rie held for between on and 13 mlssconda 1131000 ae fond anger than th henge control of this release ond Toldoeaegyraminds thatthe mou, anditamany dares muscles ‘oodinael In speech le the most fined percanog eatrament of Sl, Whom stedyng the deme mye» few eas age sy ocher ‘Babatunde Olatun instructed che i impale oeneste the ‘yt paternsif ove de not actullyatclae them with en ‘mouth tthe sme tne son plays Te mouth then urs out 0 be ‘otonly the sot ofthe primary en, utof myth orgenetion ‘Tin hosed esteably and design dogs not requre computer om teal dows even favors hoo, The casa of Artean compositions Tope is butane cas eong many. though ite exempary 1 would rg, in that is principally concerned wlth the coordination ‘ech ected conus. Sastaseverymuseepitchiscompesedatvibrtions tht slowed suffice, bacome dzcermale to human perpen ee Hythe attras, rhythmic seafalds may be viewed a he foundation oat formintheuniersa Inone directing, the dation andskwing on fine mover toward the psi thelogcl and he peceetble traction of tine noes us toward the higher, mare intensive forme ‘ward, thats, che invisbiities, the fevers and the mysteries of metter ‘nt atonomoss ie, Desa, od the prea an orgenaation of noah mse mast carry asin oth dietons toe.