Ch In/Ter Q

1 I Q What are the five basic operations performed by the computer?

A The five basic operations that a computer performs are input, storage,
processing, output and control

1 I Q Define ALU, CU and CPU

A ALU : Arithmetic Logic Unit
CU : Control Unit
CPU : Central Processing Unit

1 T Q What is a computer? Draw a block diagram to illustrate the basic organisation

of a computer system and explain the functions of various units

A Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information. The

block diagram of a computer is

1 T Q What is an input device? Briefly describe varioius important

input devices.
A Input devices accept data and instructions from the user.

Examples.

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Light Pen
4. Optical/magnetic Scanner
5. Touch Screen
6. Microphone for voice as input
7. Track Ball

1 T Discuss two basic types of monitors CRT and LCD.

 Two basic types of monitors are used with microcomputers are

1. CRT
2. LCD

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): CRT or Cathode Ray Tube Monitor looks
like a television screen, and works the same way. This type uses a large
vacuum tube, called cathode ray tube (CRT).

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD): This type of monitors are also known as flat
panel monitor. Most of these employ liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to render
images.

1 T Q What is a software? Discuss its various categories with the

help of diagram.

A  In order to perform any task, you have to give a set of instructions in
sequence to the computer.
 These sets of instructions are called Programs.
 A set of programs is called Software

1 E Q Application Software
Application software is a set of programs, which are written to
perform specific tasks

(a) Generalized packages

(b) Customized packages

1 E Q System Software
System softwares are sets of programs, responsible for running
the computer. Example Operating System (OS) and utilities.
1 Diff Q Distinguish between system and application software.
A System Software Application Software
Responsible for running the Written to perform specific tasks
computer
Operating System (OS) and utilities Application software can be Generalised
are system software or customised

1 Sn Laser Printer
 High Quality Print (like publishing)
 Fast and Quiet
 Automatic paper loading
 No smudges (No ink)
 More expensive than Dot Matrix and Ink Jet
1 Sn High level language
 Low level language requires knowledge of the hardware
 Thus high level language uses normal English-like easy to understand
statements .
 Higher level languages are computer independent
 Examples BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN etc
1 Sn Compiler
Compiler translates High level language to Low level language
1 Sn Plotter
 Special kind of output device
 Plotters produce large drawings or images, such as
construction plans for buildings etc
1 E Control Unit
 The process of input, output, processing and storage is
performed under the supervision of a unit called 'Control Unit'.
 It takes care of step -by-step processing of all operations inside the
computer

1 E Q Optical Scanner
 Optical Scanner is an input device.
 It is used for Automatic data collection.
 Eliminates manual input of data.
 Example bar-code reader

1 E Q Microphone
 Microphone is an input device
 It takes voice as input.
 Two types of microphones available Desktop and Hand held
1 E Q Object Program
1 E a The program generated by the compiler after translation is called as object
 program
1 E Machine Language
 This is the language (in the form of 0’s and l’s, called binary numbers)
understood directly by the computer.
 It is machine dependent.
 Difficult to learn and write programs
1 E Low Level Language
 Closeness to the way in which machine understand.
 Examples machine language and assembly language:
1 E Line printer
 Used with large computer systems
 High-speed printers
 Very costly (lacs of Rupees).
1 E Peripheral devices
 Peripheral devices are connected to the computer externally
 They can be input/output devices
1 E Monitor
 Most important output device
 The screen of the computer.
 Two types CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
1 Operating system
 System software
 manages hardware devices
 manages and maintains disk file systems
 Some popular Operating systems are Windows, UNIX, DoS etc