RES-EEE4012-Module 1

L.Premalatha
Energy Sources
• Primary and secondary sources of energy are
the two main sources of energy as shown last
slide figure.
• Primary energy is extracted or captured
directly from the environment, while the
secondary energy is converted from the
primary energy in the form of electricity or
fuel.
History and projections of energy use
by fuel type in the world
World Primary Energy Demand
Global Energy consumption and share
of RES in 2010
Past Grid system
Present grid system
Future grid system
 Non Renewable Energy Sources
• It is generally accepted that nonrenewable energy sources or
fossil fuels are formed from the remains of dead plants and
animals by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth’s crust
over the millions of years. Major nonrenewable energy
sources are:
• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural gas
• Nuclear
• Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include
mainly coal, petroleum and natural gas.
 Renewable Energy Sources

• Renewable energy comes from natural resources and are

naturally replenished.
• Major renewable energy sources are:
• Hydroelectric
• Solar energy
• Biomass
• Wind
• Geothermal heat
• Ocean
• In its various forms, renewable energy comes directly from the
sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth
• Climate change concerns, high oil prices, and government
support are leading to increase in renewable energy usage
and commercialization
• New and emerging renewable energy technologies are still
under development and include cellulosic ethanol, hot dry
rock geothermal power, and ocean energy.
• Renewable energy generally gets cheaper in the long term,
while fossil fuels generally get more expensive.
• Fossil fuel technologies are more mature, while renewable
energy technologies are being rapidly improved to increase
the efficiency of renewable energy and reduce its cost. In rural
and remote areas, transmission and distribution of energy
generated from fossil fuels can be difficult and expensive.
• Therefore producing renewable energy locally can offer a
viable alternative.
PV based Solar Energy Integration
Wind Energy Integration
Bio mass based Energy Integration
Geo thermal based Energy Integration
Integration of several sources to grid
 Books
• Prescribed text books: Already given in
Syllabus and uploaded in syllabus
• Local Author book for reference:
‘Renewable Energy sources and Emerging
Technologies’ by D.P.Kothari, K.C.Singhal and
Rakesh Ranjan