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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

In a chemical change, a new substance is made, like when you burn a candle. In a physical change, no
new substance is made, like when water turns to ice.

Are you confused about the difference between chemical changes and physical changes and how to tell
them apart? In a nutshell, a chemical change produces a new substance, while a physical change does
not. A material may change shapes or forms while undergoing a physical change, but no chemical
reactions occur and no new compounds are produced.

PHYSICAL CHANGE

 Physical changes involve states of matter and energy. No new substance is created during a
physical change, although the matter takes a different form.
 The size, shape, and color of matter may change. Physical changes occur when substances are
mixed but don't chemically react.
 Changing the state of a pure substance between solid, liquid, and gas phases of matter are all
physical changes since the identity of the matter does not change.

How to Identify a Physical Change


 One way to identify a physical change is that such a change may be reversible, especially a phase
change. For example, if you freeze water into an ice cube, you can melt it into the water again.

Examples of Physical Changes


 Crushing a can
 Melting an ice cube
 Boiling water
 Mixing sand and water
 Breaking a glass
 Dissolving sugar and water
 Shredding paper
 Chopping wood
 Mixing red and green marbles
 Crumpling a paper bag
 Chopping an apple
 Filling a candy bowl with different candies
 Mixing flour, salt, and sugar

CHEMICAL CHANGE
 Chemical changes involve chemical reactions and the creation of new products. Typically, a
chemical change is irreversible. In contrast, physical changes do not form new products and are
reversible.

Examples of Chemical Changes


 The rusting of iron
 Combustion (burning) of wood
 The metabolism of food in the body
 Mixing an acid and a base, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
 Cooking an egg
 Digesting sugar with the amylase in saliva
 Mixing baking soda and vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas
 Baking a cake
 Using a chemical battery
 The explosion of fireworks
 Rotting bananas
 Grilling a hamburger
 Milk going sour

Indications of a Chemical Change


 Evolving bubbles or releasing gas
 Absorbing or releasing heat
 Changing color
 Releasing an odor
 Inability to reverse the change
 Precipitation of a solid from a liquid solution
 Formation of a new chemical species. This is the best and surest indicator. A change in the
chemical properties of the sample may indicate a chemical change (e.g., flammability, oxidation
state).

Summary Notes: Chemical and Physical Change Examples


 A chemical change results from a chemical reaction, while a physical change is when matter
changes forms but not chemical identity.
 Examples of chemical changes are burning, cooking, rusting, and rotting.
 Examples of physical changes are boiling, melting, freezing, and shredding.
 Often, physical changes can be undone, if energy is input. The only way to reverse a chemical
change is via another chemical reaction.

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