ELL 203 Electromechanics

TUTORIAL SHEET # 3 MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

1. A mild steel ring has a mean diameter of 160mm and a cross sectional area of 300mm2.
Given the relative permeability to be 1120, calculate
A. The mmf to produce a flux of 400 wb and
B. The corresponding value of the reluctance (Ans. 476A, 1.19 x 106 A/Wb)
2. A mild steel ring has a mean circumference of 500mm and uniform cross sectional area of
300mm2. (a) Calculate the mmf required to produce a flux of 500 wb. (b)An air gap,
1.0mm in length is now cut in the ring, determine the flux produced if the mmf remains
constant. Assume the relative permeability of the mild steel to remain constant at 1200.
Ans. 553A, 147 wb.
3. A steel ring has a mean diameter of 15cm, a cross sectional area of 20cm2 and a
radial air gap of 0.5mm cut in it. The ring is uniformly wound with 1500 turns of
insulated wire and a magnetizing current of 1A produces a flux of 1mWb in the air
gap. Neglecting the effect of magnetic leakage and fringing, calculate:
A. The reluctance-of the magnetic circuit,
B. The relative permeability of the steel.
Ans. 1.5 x 106 A/Wb, 144.
4. A magnetic circuit consists of a cast steel which has a cross sectional area of
200mm2 and a mean length of 120mm. There are two air gaps, each 0.2mm long.
Calculate:
A. The mmf required to produce a flux of 0.05mwb in the air gaps,
B. The value of the relative permeability of cast steel at this flux density
The magnetization curve for cast steel is given by the following:
B(T) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
H(A/m) 170 300 380 460
Ans. 80A, 585.
5. An electromagnet has an armature core length of 400mm and a cross sectional area
of 500mm2. There is a total air gap of 1.8mm. Assuming (Total flux /useful flux)
of 1.2, calculate the mmf required to produce a useful flux of 400 wb in the
airgap. Points on the B-H curve are as follows:
B(T) 0.8 1.0 1.2
H(A/m) 800 1000 1600
Ans. 1530 A
6. A hysteresis loop is plotted against a horizontal axis which scales 1000A/m = 1cm
and a vertical axis which scales 0.2T = 1cm. If the area of the loop is 9cm2 and the
overall height is 14cm, calculate:
A. The hysteresis loss in Joules per cubic meter per cycle
B. The maximum flux density,
C. The hysteresis loss in watts per kilogram, assuming the density of the material
to be 7800kg/m3 at an input frequency of 50 Hz.
Ans. 1800J, 1.4T, 11.55 watt
7. Each of two air gaps of a moving coil instrument is 2.5mm long and has a cross sectional
area of 600mm2. If the flux density is 0.08T, calculate the total energy stored in the
magnetic field of the air gap.
Ans. 0.0764J.
8. A long straight conductor, situated in air is carrying a current of 500A the return conductor
being far removed. Calculate field strength and the flux density at a radius of 80mm.
Ans. 995A/m, 1.25mT.
9. A. The flux density in air at a point 40mm from the center of a long straight conductor A is
0.03T. Assuming that the return conductor is a considerable distance away, calculate the
current in A.
Ans. 6000A.
10. In a certain magnetic circuit having a length of 500mm and a cross sectional area of
300mm2, an mmf of 200A produces a flux of 400 wb. Calculate:
a. The reluctance of the magnetic circuit and
b. The relative permeability of the core.
Ans. 50000A/wb, 2650.
11. (i)What are the two components of iron losses and what are they dependent upon?
(ii) The total core loss of a ferromagnetic specimen is found to 1500 W at 50Hz and 3000
W at 75 Hz when the flux density is kept constant. Calculate the two components of iron
losses separately for each of these frequencies.
12. A toroidal core with a mean diameter of 10 cm ºhas a rectangular cross section with 3 cm
width and 2 cm depth. Its B-H curve can be approximated to two straight lines as shown
in the Figure. The toroid is wound with 100 turns. Determine the inductance of the coil
and the maximum value of the current if the flux density in any part of the core is below 1
T. Determine the minimum value of current for which the complete core has a flux density
of 1 T or greater. (193.6 mH, 0.2513 A. 0.377 A)

13. A coil has 250 turns and is wound around a toroidal core made of silicon steel whose
permeability is 0.00277 Tesla/A/m. The inner and outer radii of the toroid are 20 and 25 cm
respectively. For a coil current of 2.5 A find the magnetic flux density at the mean radius of
the toroid and the inductance of the coil. Assume that the flux density is uniform throughout
the toroidal core. (1.225 T, 240.5 mH)