Ethics: Test Series

IAS 2018
ETHICS
TEST SERIES
By: MANOJ K. JHA
TEST: 1
www.iasscore.in
ETHICS TEST SERIES 2018
TEST - 01
ETHICS, INTEGRITY AND APTITUDE

Time Allowed: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 250
SECTION - A
E
1. Why does cultural relativism supposedly make us more tolerant of other cultures and,
critically examine the view that moral values are relative?
2.
OR
What is the relation between conviction, integrity and courage? Illustrate. What is the
need and importance of conviction in leading a society or a group or an organization to
achieve the goals of change and progress?
3. Explain role of epistemology in administrative decisions through an example?
SC
4. Do you think that the best civil servant is one who acts as a whistle blower or one who
tries to find the possible solution from within the system? Give reasons and cite examples.
What are the challenges in finding a solution from within the system?
5. Explain and elaborate the following statements:
GS
(a) Never stop your heart from desiring and always surround yourself with people
who will inspire you to push the envelope.
(b) Success is not the result of spontaneous combustion. You must set yourself on fire.
(c) Courage is the most important of all the virtues because without courage, you can't
practice any other virtue consistently.
(d) To walk safely through the maze of human life, one needs the light of wisdom and
the guidance of virtue.
(e) There was never a night or a problem that could defeat sunrise or hope.
6. What is doctrine of double effect? Does 'Principle of Permissible Harm' stand the test
of moral laws?
7. What is excellence? What are the main obstacles in the pursuit of excellence? How does
continuous pursuit of excellence help an ordinary person or a leader in betterment of the
life and society?
8. Is innocence a positive or negative attribute? Can you say that the death of innocence is
one of the main reasons for decline in faith in goodness? Would you agree that as the
more intelligent and practical we become, there are more chance of death of innocence?
Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude [1]

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9. Can 'goodness' be learnt? Discuss the eightfold path suggested by Buddha in this regard
and explain its relevance in contemporary times for ordinary citizens, leaders and
administrators?
10. Define the following terms with respect to civil servants:
(a) Beneficence
(b) Self-integrity
(c) Reciprocity
(d) Serviceability
11. ‘Only when correct reasoning and right desire come together does truly virtuous action
results’. Do you agree? Justify.
SECTION - B
E
In the following questions carefully study the cases presented and then answer the question that
follows:
OR
12. One of your friend, a mid-level bureaucrat, is highly upset because of his job related
stress and family problems and often expresses his disenchantment with life. He gave
an application for 3 week leave, which was sanctioned by his boss. However, a senior
officer (placed higher than his boss), called him during his leave period to office for
handling a sudden exigency and this was not the first time when such a thing had
SC
happened to him. It happens very often because the officer is very efficient and reliable.
The officer has a feeling that those who work honestly are overused while those who
work less but keep a personal liaison with seniors work less and get various rewards
and privileges. He is disillusioned. He is unable to give reasonable time to his ageing
sick mother, his wife who is under depression and children who are going to face their
10th and 12th board examinations. The officer is very upset and broken because of his
GS
inability to reconcile his official duties and family responsibilities. He seems to be very
disturbed and broken. Despite being an honest and efficient officer he has not been
given adequate rewards and recognition and space for looking after his personal needs;
he displays signals of suicidal tendencies. What would be your suggestions to him?
Discuss merits and demerits of each option.
13. As a District Magistrate in a tribal area, you have found that there are many superstitious
practices which inhibit the welfare of the people such as – believing in super natural
powers responsible for droughts, famines, natural disasters and diseases, witch hunting,
fatalism (surrendered to fate rather than making efforts to change). While aspiring to act
as an agent of change and development in the region, you find that there is opposition
by people to modern ideas and practices. Answer the following questions:
(a) How will you proceed to remove superstition in tribal area and instill rationality
among the people?
(b) Do change and progress needed to dismantle the local traditions in the tribal area?
(c) How a civil servant can win the trust of the people in a tribal area?
(d) How to ensure people's participation in any measure which you have suggested?
[ 2 ] Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

14. You are CEO of a company, which is involved in manufacturing of large-scale copper
products. It has created good employment opportunity for the locals. But the local residents
are not happy with the management of the company and big group of local residents are
protesting continuously. They are demanding closer of the plant as factory discharge is
contaminating the local water sources.
Your father is a senior IAS officer placed in the concerned Ministry. He is influential
and very well networked. Company's management is pushing you to manage the situation
and local authority through your father, as putting high quality production facility in
plant will increase the cost of production, and company may loose market share in terms
of sales if cost goes high. Based on the above situation answer the following questions:
(a) What are the options available to you?
(b) Discuss merits & demerits of each option.
(c) What will be your final call? Justify.
E
15. You are head of a charitable trust that takes care of education, clothing, food & other
basic needs of children from marginal community. Your organization also offers health
services to the members of weaker section. You find it difficult to serve qualitatively
OR
because of the crunch of funds. Trust runs on donations and contributions from donors
only. There is a regular fall in contribution from several imminent persons who were
prime donors previously. Now you have decided to go for small advertisement to get
donation for the good cause. Response is not very encouraging, however, a prominent
local politician with a criminal record offers a hefty donation. The options available are:
SC
(a) Take donation from that politician.

(b) Reject offer of that politician as his track record is poor.
(c) Ask him to directly assist to those who are in need.
(d) Reduce your operational scale to affordable level, so that you can sustain charitable
GS
work.
Analyse each option with its consequences.
16. You are a District Collector. A seven-year boy has been killed in a school. Parents are
angry and protesting. They have blocked the traffic and want speedy action. Parents are
scared as it happened during the school hours. They also want tough action against
school administration. Few parents don't want to send their children to same school.
They tried admission in different schools' but all of them have been denied admission.
Now, few parents seek help from administration for admission of their children at
different places. They don't want to send their children to same school where a boy has
been killed. It is harming their children's study as examination is approaching. What are
the options before you as District Collector to address the concerns of the parents?
17. As a young IAS officer, you have been posted as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a
remote area. You have found that schools, road connectivity, community halls are not in
good conditions. You know that allocated budget is not sufficient and also the whole
process of getting nod from higher authority is time consuming. You have found an
alternative to do it through public participation. Mention the steps you will follow in this
case and justify each step.


ETHICS TEST SERIES 2018

TEST - 01

Time Allowed: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 250
Q. Marks Instructions to Candidate
1.
• There are 17 questions.
2.
3.
4. • All questions are compulsory
5.
6. • The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated
7. against it.
8.
9.
• Content of the answer is more important than its length.
10.
11.
• Answers must be written in the space provided.
12.
13.
14. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-
15. cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off.
16.
17.
Name _______________________________
Roll No.___________________________
1. Invigilator Signature _______________ Mobile No.___________________________
2. Invigilator Signature _______________ Date ________________________________
Signature ____________________________
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Roll No.____________
SECTION - A
Q1. Why does cultural relativism supposedly make us more tolerant of other cultures and,
critically examine the view that moral values are relative? (150 Words) (10 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Q2. What is the relation between conviction, integrity and courage? Illustrate. What is the
need and importance of conviction in leading a society or a group or an organization to
achieve the goals of change and progress? (150 Words) (10 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Q3. Explain role of epistemology in administrative decisions through an example?

(150 Words) (10 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Q4. Do you think that the best civil servant is one who acts as a whistle blower or one who
Remarks
Remarks
Q5. Explain and elaborate the following statements:
(a) Never stop your heart from desiring and always surround yourself with people
who will inspire you to push the envelope.
(c) Courage is the most important of all the virtues because without courage, you can't
practice any other virtue consistently.
(d) To walk safely through the maze of human life, one needs the light of wisdom and
the guidance of virtue.
(50 Words Each) (5 × 4 = 20 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Q6. What is doctrine of double effect? Does 'Principle of Permissible Harm' stand the test of
moral laws? (150 Words) (10 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Q7. What is excellence? What are the main obstacles in the pursuit of excellence? How does
continuous pursuit of excellence help an ordinary person or a leader in betterment of
the life and society? (150 Words) (10 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Q8. Is innocence a positive or negative attribute? Can you say that the death of innocence is
one of the main reasons for decline in faith in goodness? Would you agree that as the
more intelligent and practical we become, there are more chance of death of innocence?
Remarks
Remarks
Q9. Can 'goodness' be learnt? Discuss the eightfold path suggested by Buddha in this regard
and explain its relevance in contemporary times for ordinary citizens, leaders and
administrators? (150 Words) (10 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Q10. Define the following terms with respect to civil servants:
(a) Beneficence
(b) Self-integrity
(c) Reciprocity
(d) Serviceability (50 Words Each) (4 × 5 = 20 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Q11. ‘Only when correct reasoning and right desire come together does truly virtuous action
results’. Do you agree? Justify. (150 Words) (10 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
SECTION - B
Q12. One of your friend, a mid-level bureaucrat, is highly upset because of his job related
stress and family problems and often expresses his disenchantment with life. He gave
an application for 3 week leave, which was sanctioned by his boss. However, a senior
officer (placed higher than his boss), called him during his leave period to office for
handling a sudden exigency and this was not the first time when such a thing had
happened to him. It happens very often because the officer is very efficient and reliable.
The officer has a feeling that those who work honestly are overused while those who
work less but keep a personal liaison with seniors work less and get various rewards
and privileges. He is disillusioned. He is unable to give reasonable time to his ageing
sick mother, his wife who is under depression and children who are going to face their
10th and 12th board examinations. The officer is very upset and broken because of his
inability to reconcile his official duties and family responsibilities. He seems to be
very disturbed and broken. Despite being an honest and efficient officer he has not
been given adequate rewards and recognition and space for looking after his personal
needs; he displays signals of suicidal tendencies. What would be your suggestions to
him? Discuss merits and demerits of each option. (250 Words) (20 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Q13. As a District Magistrate in a tribal area, you have found that there are many superstitious
practices which inhibit the welfare of the people such as – believing in super natural
powers responsible for droughts, famines, natural disasters and diseases, witch hunting,
fatalism (surrendered to fate rather than making efforts to change). While aspiring to act
as an agent of change and development in the region, you find that there is opposition by
people to modern ideas and practices. Answer the following questions:
(a) How will you proceed to remove superstition in tribal area and instill rationality
among the people?
(b) Do change and progress needed to dismantle the local traditions in the tribal
area?
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Q14. You are CEO of a company, which is involved in manufacturing of large-scale copper
products. It has created good employment opportunity for the locals. But the local
residents are not happy with the management of the company and big group of local
residents are protesting continuously. They are demanding closer of the plant as factory
discharge is contaminating the local water sources.
Your father is a senior IAS officer placed in the concerned Ministry. He is influential
and very well networked. Company's management is pushing you to manage the situation
and local authority through your father, as putting high quality production facility in
plant will increase the cost of production, and company may loose market share in terms
of sales if cost goes high. Based on the above situation answer the following questions:

(c) What will be your final call? Justify. (250 Words) (20 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Q15. You are head of a charitable trust that takes care of education, clothing, food & other
basic needs of children from marginal community. Your organization also offers health
services to the members of weaker section. You find it difficult to serve qualitatively
because of the crunch of funds. Trust runs on donations and contributions from donors
only. There is a regular fall in contribution from several imminent persons who were
prime donors previously. Now you have decided to go for small advertisement to get
donation for the good cause. Response is not very encouraging, however, a prominent
local politician with a criminal record offers a hefty donation. The options available are:

(d) Reduce your operational scale to affordable level, so that you can sustain charitable
work.
Analyse each option with its consequences. (250 Words) (20 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Q16. You are a District Collector. A seven-year boy has been killed in a school. Parents are
angry and protesting. They have blocked the traffic and want speedy action. Parents are
scared as it happened during the school hours. They also want tough action against
school administration. Few parents don't want to send their children to same school.
They tried admission in different schools' but all of them have been denied admission.
Now, few parents seek help from administration for admission of their children at
different places. They don't want to send their children to same school where a boy has
been killed. It is harming their children's study as examination is approaching. What are
the options before you as District Collector to address the concerns of the parents?
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
Q17. As a young IAS officer, you have been posted as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a
remote area. You have found that schools, road connectivity, community halls are not in
good conditions. You know that allocated budget is not sufficient and also the whole
process of getting nod from higher authority is time consuming. You have found an
alternative to do it through public participation. Mention the steps you will follow in
this case and justify each step. (250 Words) (20 Marks)
Remarks
Remarks
Remarks
The answers are written in form of “Thinking Line” rather than complete answer to place the
aspirant in right thinking direction so that he/she may be able to grasp the requirement of the
question and how to approach the answer in objective and articulated manner. Content,
Context & Structure of the answer will be discussed in the class
Ethics Test Series 2018

Answer Hints: Test No.1 www.iasscore.in

SECTION - A
1. Why does cultural relativism supposedly make us more tolerant of other cultures and,
critically examine the view that moral values are relative?
Thinking line:
• A pluralist society is one in which there are different views on questions of politics, morality,
religion hence the conflicts of ideas and practices are an inevitable and permanent part of
human society. But to maintain peace and tolerance in the society, the concept of cultural
relativism came up.
• Cultural Relativism is of the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to
culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really “better” than any other. This is
based on the idea that there is no ultimate standard of good or evil, so every judgment about
right and wrong is a product of society. Therefore, any opinion on morality or ethics is
subject to the cultural perspective of each person.
• It defines “good” as what is socially approved. Ultimately, this means that no moral or
ethical system can be considered the “best,” or “worst,” and no particular moral or ethical
position can actually be considered “right” or “wrong.”
• It states that individual person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms
of that individual’s own culture. This enhances tolerance towards other beliefs and norms.
• Further moral values are relative as there is no objective truth, it changes with context and
situation.
– It changes with society to society and region.
– It varies with cultural heritage.
– It varies with era.
– Faith-based morality may differ from secular humanist-based morality.
• Absolute moral relativism is self-contradictory and impossible. However, the ultimate end of
all moral values is inner happiness.
2. What is the relation between conviction, integrity and courage? Illustrate. What is the need
and importance of conviction in leading a society or a group or an organization to achieve
the goals of change and progress?
Thinking line:
Relation between Conviction, Integrity and Courage
• Conviction, Integrity and Courage come out of the value system of individual and keeps in
making of a moral character.
• A conviction is a strong belief or opinion which comes out of strong value system. The ethics
of conviction recognizes a given hierarchy of values as the context for moral endeavor. A
man operating under the ethics of conviction concerns himself solely with justly motivated
actions, and not with the outcome of such actions. As with an ethics of conviction, one feels
responsible only for ensuring that the flame of pure conviction should never be extinguished.
A simple example is the ethical belief that it is wrong to kill another human being. Regardless
of circumstance, a man guided by this conviction will never kill on his own free will.
• Courage is the willingness to stand up for convictions. Courage is the ability to do what
needs to be done, regardless of the cost or risk. It is the state or quality of mind or spirit that
enables one to face danger or fear with self-possession, confidence and resolution. Courage
of conviction makes one to admit his mistakes and denounce other’s false actions.
• Integrity is the ability to do the right thing, no matter what the doubts or temptations. A
leader who can consistently do the right things, when they need to be done, is a leader with
courage and integrity. But the maintenance of courage and integrity requires strong conviction
and will power to remain firm irrespective of situations.
• For example: T.N Sheshan in December 1990, took charge as the tenth Chief Election
Commissioner. During this period, Seshan introduced many changes in the electoral process
to ensure independent and free elections. He kept on trying to introduce his decisions
fearlessly. With his concerted efforts the democratic system got strengthened and the voter
began to place confidence in the system. He provided voice to the voiceless and encouraged
public participation in the governance. This shows the example of relation between
Conviction, Integrity and Courage.
Importance of Conviction
• In organization/society, things changes so quickly that there’s a great deal of uncertainty

about what’s going to happen next. The brain perceives uncertainty as a threat.
• Hence leaders with conviction create an environment of certainty for everyone. When a
leader is absolutely convinced that he has chosen the best course of action, everyone who
follows him unconsciously absorbs this belief and the accompanying emotional state. This
will help the leader in bringing change and progress in the society.
• A leader who can demonstrate conviction, integrity and courage will be more successful.
3. Explain role of epistemology in administrative decisions through an example?
Thinking line:
• Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief.
• Much of the debate in epistemology centres on four areas:
– the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to such concepts
as truth, belief, and justification,
– various problems of skepticism,
– the sources and scope of knowledge and justified belief, and
– the criteria for knowledge and justification.
[2] Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

• However, the social and religious beliefs in any nation or country evolve over the years from
their traditions based on history, culture, reality, myths and superstitions. The believers in
social customs and religion are guided more by faith than rationality.
• Thus the administrative decisions need to be architectured according to the faith and beliefs
of the people, because laws are for the people and not the other way round.
• Nevertheless, in modern times, laws and administrative decisions cannot be left totally on
what people believe. Even if faiths are respected, the decisions should be based on scientific
temper and rational criteria with proper amount of brainstorming.
• Issues of Jallikattu and Triple Talaq should be seen in these light- first is an ancient tradition,
which cannot be justified being an ancient tradition while the other was the byproduct of
a particular social arrangement of the medieval time, not relevant for the present context
when women aspire to have equality and dignity on one hand and patriarchal biases
against them are against democratic rights. Thus administrative decisions have to be more
rational while maintaining a respect for each belief system.
E
4. Do you think that the best civil servant is one who acts as a whistle blower or one who
OR
Thinking line:
• Whistleblowers are those individuals who call attention to possible wrongdoing within their
organizations. Whistle-blowing is the act, for an employee (or former employee), of disclosing
what he believes to be unethical or illegal behavior to higher management (internal whistle-
blowing) or to an external authority or the public (external whistle-blowing).
SC
• The rightness of the act of whistle-blowing depends upon the following:

a) Right Motive: The whistle-blower out to be motivated by a desire to correct a serious
wrong, protect from harm. Whistle blowing to gain attention, to get back at someone
or gain personally is not accepted.
b) Appropriate internal channels: Companies usually have internal mechanisms for
GS
addressing problems. These should first be pursued out of loyalty to the company as
well as out of respect for the persons likely to be blamed.
c) Compelling evidence: There should be clear, specific, and verifiable evidence that
something is wrong. The whistle should never be blown on the basis of rumor or
inconclusive evidence.
• Whistleblowers do call attention to genuine abuses of power by decision-makers in business
and government. They do often suffer retaliation for their ethical resistance. However,
whistleblowers may often be wrong in their accusations and their motives are not always pure.
• Hence a person should try to find the solutions of the administrative problems within the
system. A leader must never view a problem as a distraction, but rather as a strategic enabler
for continuous improvement and opportunities previously unseen.
• However the challenges in finding a solution within the system are:
a) Dealing with people that complicate matters with their corporate politicking, self-
promotion, power-plays and ploys, and envy.
b) Problem solving within an organization requires transparent communication where
everyone’s concerns and points of view are freely expressed, which is difficult to maintain.
5. Explain and elaborate the following statements:

(a) Never stop your heart from desiring and always surround yourself with people who will
inspire you to push the envelope.
Thinking line:
• Success and happiness comes from within through the motivation and willpower, but it’s
also very much about the people we choose to have around us.
• Toxic people can be disastrous to our energy and sense of self; the right friends, mentors, and
partners can support us, empower us, uplift us.
• Hence surround with those people that can honestly and patiently guide the way through
challenges that might arise while working towards new successes.
Thinking line:
• To do something really big in life requires a driving passion. It does not happen with just
a little work or mere luck.
• The passion is must; it is usually a necessary step for attaining any level of success.
• Successful management is all about getting work done through other people. This is directly
correlated to your success in self-awareness, self-management, and social awareness, all of
which are essential elements of emotional intelligence and emotions drives our passion.
Hence for the governance and proper decision making, sense of passion is must which come
through clear setting of vision and mission. This leads to successful administration.
(c) Courage is the most important of all the virtues because without courage, you can't practice
any other virtue consistently.
Thinking line:
• Courage is the state or quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty,
danger, pain with self-possession without fear.
• Courage is the most important of the virtues, because without it, no other virtue can be
practiced consistently.
• In real life human being always remain in dilemma of maintaining code of ethics in
professional as well as personal life. Moving on ethical path is often risky or difficult beyond
reasonable requirements thus are based on personal commitment.
• This personal commitment comes with courage. For example: To practice honesty a person
must be willing to say things that are sometimes difficult to say.
• Hence courage helps an individual in moving out of one’s comfort zone and held strongly
against the virtues required for living an ethical life. It leads to many rewards, like success,
it gives strength to act more decisively and consistently.
(d) To walk safely through the maze of human life, one needs the light of wisdom and the
guidance of virtue.
Thinking line:
• Human life can appear to be a huge maze. Sometimes we need to distance ourselves and
get on top of it and look at the big picture. However, to find our way through the narrow
maze of life, we need the light of wisdom and guidance of virtue.
• Wisdom extracts meaning and significance from information by understanding

interrelationships and their implications. It gives a broader angle.
• Whereas, values are at the core of wisdom. Healthy values such as empathy, truth, honesty,
justice, cooperation, peace, compassion, universal well-being, creativity, courage, and
comprehensive knowledge will improve wisdom and help us in living a stable and virtuous
life.
Thinking line:
• Human lives are infused with pain and suffering. Some people experience more of these
regrettable symptoms of the human condition than others. Yet, people can overcome hardship
with hope. Hope provides with strength to conquer misery and despair, caused by misfortune.
• Hope motivates us to persevere despite the obstacles blocking the trail of life.
• Everyone should try to move ahead to achieve one’s goals, irrespective of obstacles with a
hope.
6. What is doctrine of double effect? Does 'Principle of Permissible Harm' stand the test of
moral laws?
Thinking line
• The doctrine (or principle) of double effect is often invoked to explain the permissibility of
an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of a human being, as a side effect
of promoting some good end.
• According to the principle of double effect, sometimes it is permissible to cause a harm as
a side effect (or “double effect”) of bringing about a good result even though it would not
be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good end.
• The 'Principle of Permissible Harm' states that one may harm in order to save more if and
only if the harm is an effect or an aspect of the greater good itself. It further states that an
act that causes both a greater good and a lesser evil is impermissible if the evil results from
a means to the good but can be permissible if the evil results from the good itself or from
its non-causal flip side.
• For example: A tactical bomber is permitted to bomb a munitions factory in a just war,
knowing that the vibrations will collapse the roof of an adjacent school, which will kill
children; whereas, he is not permitted to bomb the factory if pieces of the bomb itself will fly
off into the school and kill the children.
• It is against the concept of moral absolutism i.e. each action is either right or wrong only.
The decisions and actions have to be taken according to the need of the situation.
7. What is excellence? What are the main obstacles in the pursuit of excellence? How does
continuous pursuit of excellence help an ordinary person or a leader in betterment of the life
and society?
Thinking line
• Excellence is trying to put quality into everything one does. It is about stepping outside the
comfort zone, training with a spirit of endeavour, and accepting the inevitability of obstacles.
• However, the concept is often vaguely understood and sometimes confused with success.
Sometimes it is taken as being better than others, leading a bandwagon of performers and
having recognition and respect more than others for doing things in better way. Others think
that excellence is self improvement, refinement and emancipation to a higher level of thought
and action. However, excellence in being good at whatever we do.
• Common obstacles often encountered on the journey towards excellence are:
a) Complacency: Complacency is the notion to remain status quo. Fear may cause
complacency – as going from known to unknown takes hard work and courage.
b) Lack of motivation: Lack of courage and self-motivation acts as obstacle in pursuit of
excellence. Courage and conviction helps the administrator to perform one’s duty even
in adverse situation and threats. It makes him to take strong decisions without any fear
of repercussions. However, courage should not be a blind errand. Every risk must be
taken after a genuine and possible calculation of risk.
c) Lack of clarity: Lack of clarity and analysis of different alternatives become troublesome
due to lack of information about different variables associated with it.
• It is easy to go along with what everybody else is already doing. It’s more challenging to be
extraordinary and function in excellence. Thus the continuous pursuit of excellence keeps a
person alert and attentive towards personal growth, boosts confidence and self-esteem.
• The continuous pursuit of excellence brings eagerness of working hard for the upliftment
of the people, implementing the programmes and policies at ground level, etc, which in turn
lead to progress of the society.
• An excellent administrator ensures the highest standards of quality in administrative decisions
and actions and do not compromise because of convenience or ease. Excellence comes from
the integration of competence and character.
8. Is innocence a positive or negative attribute? Can you say that the death of innocence is one
of the main reasons for decline in faith in goodness? Would you agree that as the more
intelligent and practical we become, there are more chance of death of innocence?
Thinking line
• Innocence means “freedom from sin, guilt or moral wrong in general”; “freedom from
specific guilt”; “freedom from cunning or artifice. It is a positive attribute.
• In the present world, innocence is decreasing; it has been replaced by cynicism and worldliness.
The world is becoming more self-centered hence the faith in goodness also decreasing.
• The lack of goodness in individual acts leads to crisis of faith and trust.
• The consequences of such crisis of faith and trust are:
a) It reduces the bonding between members of society.
b) Cooperation is replaced by competition and the dictum of live and let live is replaced
by caprice and killer’s instincts.
b) Peace and order of the society get hampered.
c) Public trust on institutions reduces.
d) People do not follow rules and regulations and society reduces to chaos.
• However, the death of innocence occurs when an individual become more cynical not
practical, when he lacks wisdom because he takes the things in narrower sense and get
attached in materialistic things rather than the development of true self.
• Human beings have been intelligent and practical since the origin of civilization, but with
the passage of time the concepts like private property, power and respect attached with
mundane success at any cost and taking happiness as self indulgence and celebration of
success in a vulgar way has cast doubt over intelligence and wisdom of man. Pragmatism
is not self indulgence, but realization of interdependence and synchronization with nature
and its living and non-living entities. It is missing and thus leading to death of innocence.
9. Can 'goodness' be learnt? Discuss the eightfold path suggested by Buddha in this regard and
explain its relevance in contemporary times for ordinary citizens, leaders and administrators?
Thinking line:
• Goodness means the act of being good in all the circumstances. It can be learnt, through
education, training and experience if one is amenable, open and willing. Through the act of
goodness a chaotic person may become organized, an untrustworthy may become trustworthy,
a fragile and shaky fellow may become inspired and motivated.
• There are many hindrances in acquiring goodness such as a narrow vision, ignorance and
wrong assumptions, social conditioning and prejudices, lack of emotional balance and negative
reactions, lack of self belief, motivation and inspiration etc. Goodness can be learnt only if
we are ready to remove the obstacles in the way of understanding followed by practice.
• However wise people have thrown light from time to time why ‘goodness’ should be the
main purpose of life and how can it be achieved by willingness, openness and practice.
• Buddha taught that the way to achieve enlightenment and to minimize human suffering
was to live an ethical life.
• Buddha placed all human behavior into one of eight categories or paths. Each path as
designated by the term “right” meaning ethical or moral. He then described the types of
behavior that were right for each of these categories.
The eight Buddhist practices in the Noble Eightfold Path are:
1. Right View: Our actions have consequences, death is not the end, and our actions and
beliefs have consequences after death. The Buddha followed and taught a successful
path out of this world and the other world (heaven and underworld/hell). Later on,
right view came to explicitly include karma and rebirth, and the importance of the Four
Noble Truths, when “insight” became central to Buddhist soteriology.
2. Right Resolve: This concept aims at peaceful renunciation, into an environment of non-
sensuality, non-ill-will (to loving kindness), away from cruelty (to compassion). Such an
environment aids contemplation of impermanence, suffering, and non-Self.
3. Right Speech: No lying, no rude speech, no telling one person what another says about
him, speaking that which leads to salvation;
4. Right Conduct: No killing or injuring, no taking what is not given, no sexual acts,no
material desires.
5. Right Livelihood: Beg to feed, only possessing what is essential to sustain life;
6. Right Effort: Guard against sensual thoughts; this concept, states Harvey, aims at
preventing unwholesome states that disrupt meditation.
7. Right Mindfulness: Never be absent minded, being conscious of what one is doing; this,
states Harvey, encourages the mindfulness about impermanence of body, feeling and
mind, as well as to experience the five aggregates (skandhas), the five hindrances, the
four True Realities and seven factors of awakening
8. Right samadhi: Practicing four stages of meditation (dhyâna) culminating into unification
of the mind.
• By following the precepts one can learn to control the body and mind. Through mediation
one learns to unify mind. Wisdom is attained by the practice of the above and through this
wisdom all ignorance and passions are cut off and true state of Enlightenment is then
realized.
• Further, to keep oneself healthy -physically and mentally- the eightfold paths are very useful.
An administrator or a leader needs stamina and focused energy to deliver. They also need
good intent and motive, which help in accomplishment of targets without corruption and
blemish. These paths also help in keeping oneself pure, just and fair. These attributes help
in fulfilling the constitutional and social obligations.
• Thus this is important for ordinary citizens, leaders and administrators as they face pressures
and obstacles in daily life and eight fold paths teach person to be good, kind, positive, and
moral.
10. Define the following terms with respect to civil servants:
(a) Beneficence
Thinking line:
• Beneficence is action that is done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken
to help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others.
• There are four concepts arising out of concept of beneficence:
– One should not practice evil or do harm, often stated in Latin as Primum non nocere
– One should prevent evil or harm
– One should remove evil or harm
– One should practice good
• A civil servant must be enthused by the zeal to do things which lead to maximum benefit
for maximum people. A civil servant can accomplish these goals by acquiring the value of
beneficence or selfless service to others.
• A civil servant should not be deterred to act even if the task of helping people within his
or her mandate requires coming out of comfort zone.
• Further, a civil servant should not leave the problems unaddressed because they are complex
or seemingly unattainable because of hurdles and constraints.
(b) Self-integrity
Thinking line:
• Self integrity or integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.
The extension of integrity includes attributes like honesty, probity, rectitude, character, being
ethical, fair and just, etc.
• If there is self integrity in an administrator or a leader, he or she can do his duties with moral
and ethical principles with sincerity and honesty and without corruption and prejudice. This
helps in making a good image of leader and administrator among people and win trust.
• Trust makes it easier for them to garner public support for their actions and people's
participation in development programmes. These people with high character and probity
also set standards and become role models. At personal level it brings a great sense of
fulfillment and satisfaction.
(c) Reciprocity
Thinking line:
• Reciprocity is an important principle in two way communication and transaction. Goodness
should be reciprocated with goodness and evil should be reciprocated with toughness.
• However, for a civil servant this conventional wisdom is not always helpful. A civil servant
or a leader should not react with anger, vengeance and retributions on provocations, but
remain cool and calm and try to find a solution that satisfies all the stakeholders with
minimum harm, if at all needed.
• There should be discretion in the use of power and sense of proportion while deterring or
punishing protests and adverse behavior of the people.
• Reciprocity is a practical response, but a civil servant needs to understand that he or she
represents state and use of state power should not be guided by impulses or prejudices, but
wisdom and discretion for the larger interest of the people.
(d) Serviceability
Thinking line:
• This means deciding to discontinue what is not fit and appropriate and starting what is
suitable according to changed requirements.
• Thus, serviceability means that a civil servant should do away with useless, wasteful and
obsolete practices and leave intact what is fit to continue.
• Any institution or practice which is marked by leakages, corruption and inefficiency must
be done away with and replaced by another workable system.
• Further, he or she should find new ways and practices according to ever changing
circumstances and environment to serve the public, social and national interest.
• However, a pragmatic and dynamic approach requires lot of courage and confidence and
even support from above and below. Such conditions need to be explored and created before
taking a decision based on serviceability. It needs to make a strong point before the superiors
and awareness among people and staff downwards to accomplish the goal of serviceability
in administrative decisions. Otherwise it may become counterproductive.
11. ‘Only when correct reasoning and right desire come together does truly virtuous action
results’. Do you agree? Justify.
Thinking line:
• A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a
foundation of principle and good moral being. But our desires dictate our priorities, priorities
shape our choices, and choices determine our actions. The desires we act on determine what
we become.
• However, desires may be defective in various ways. Someone may operate from a vicious
choice of lifestyle; for example, may plan his life around the project of always maximizing
the present pleasure. Thus reasoning is equally important to bring rationality in the decisions.
• This rationality makes our actions virtuous which in turn builds our character.
• Hence Virtue ethics is more about character which is a correct combination of rationality
and desires.
• Thus it is correctly said that only when correct reasoning and right desire come together, it
results in virtuous action.
SECTION - B
In the following questions carefully study the cases presented and then answer the question that
follows:
12. One of your friend, a mid-level bureaucrat, is highly upset because of his job related stress
and family problems and often expresses his disenchantment with life. He gave an application
for 3 week leave, which was sanctioned by his boss. However, a senior officer (placed
higher than his boss), called him during his leave period to office for handling a sudden
exigency and this was not the first time when such a thing had happened to him. It happens
very often because the officer is very efficient and reliable. The officer has a feeling that
those who work honestly are overused while those who work less but keep a personal
liaison with seniors work less and get various rewards and privileges. He is disillusioned.
He is unable to give reasonable time to his ageing sick mother, his wife who is under
depression and children who are going to face their 10th and 12th board examinations. The
officer is very upset and broken because of his inability to reconcile his official duties and
family responsibilities. He seems to be very disturbed and broken. Despite being an honest
and efficient officer he has not been given adequate rewards and recognition and space for
looking after his personal needs; he displays signals of suicidal tendencies. What would be
your suggestions to him? Discuss merits and demerits of each option.
Thinking line
The options available are:
a) Follow pragmatic approach:
• I will try to suggest my friend that there is no perfect world and there are many things
misplaced in the surrounding in which we live. Adjustment with the realities as long
as we cannot change things is needed which comes through pragmatic approach and
this is the beginning point for our endeavours for change and progress which would be
possible with patience and perseverance. There are no quick fixes.
b) Do not try to change others
• I will convince him that we should not hurt and punish ourselves for the follies of
others. We cannot change others as easily as we can change ourselves.
c) Amenability to adjust
• The amenability to adjust to the imperfect world and ever surprising realities of life is
a better survival strategy than always trying to change the realities and seek perfection.
d) Pursuit of Excellence
• One should continue endeavours towards improvement and excellence with the
realization that the people around you may not be as pure, perfectionist and enduring
as you are. People are generally interested in easy and convenient solutions for career
and success. But the people, who endeavor to achieve higher benchmarks and excel in
life and work for change and progress, need to come out of their comfort zone. I will
tell him that you are special and your family as well as society needs you because you
are a role model of commitment and sacrifice. Your rewards may not be tangible, but
deep inside everybody around you knows your contributions and loves you. Above all
you should be happy and satisfied that you have fulfilled your duty and served selflessly.
e) Maintain work-life balance
• Work- life balance comes through constant practice and for every kind of situation;
there is alternative arrangement, which should be explored. Life is less than perfect, but
it is not a hopeless errand. We need to modulate and moderate our aspirations,
expectations and speed depending upon our capacity, constraints and possibilities.
Further I will make an appeal to him that life is the most precious gift of god and we should believe
in our self worth. We are just an atom in the big super-structure of existence and many times
exogenous factors determine our success and failure; therefore, we should take both in stride. At
the level of spiritualism and meditation, we should take things as they happen nonchalantly and
uncomplainingly rather than reacting we should respond with wisdom and detachment. Physical
strength and means/wherewithal matter in life, but your spiritual fiber should be strong to face the
vicissitudes of life- up and down, flow and ebb.
I would provide counseling at my level and if need be I will take him to professional counselor.
(Note: These are just Thinking Line. Detail answer alongwith structure will be discussed in the
class).
13. As a District Magistrate in a tribal area, you have found that there are many superstitious
practices which inhibit the welfare of the people such as – believing in super natural powers
responsible for droughts, famines, natural disasters and diseases, witch hunting, fatalism
(surrendered to fate rather than making efforts to change). While aspiring to act as an agent
of change and development in the region, you find that there is opposition by people to
modern ideas and practices. Answer the following questions:
(a) How will you proceed to remove superstition in tribal area and instill rationality among
the people?
Thinking line:
• Education is the greatest means for instilling scientific temper and rationality; so I will try
to improve enrolment in the schools and colleges. I will also try to use existing platforms and
develop new platforms for adult education and women education.
• The second most important step is to initiate right kind of communication for awareness by
involving educated people among the tribals and government functionaries in the area to
explain the people about different natural and social phenomena and how to face them with
effective solutions.
• I would also try to evolve a composite forum of government officials, people and media to
unravel the fallacies and follies of superstition and fatalism.
(b) Do change and progress needed to dismantle the local traditions in the tribal area?
Thinking line:
• Tribal people have many traditions especially pertaining to family and women which are
much better. Their jest for life and longing for happiness reflected in their celebrations is also
great. And the biggest thing visible in the tribal life is a symphony with nature. All these
need to be promoted rather than dismantling.
• Thus Tribal people should be allowed to practice their culture and tradition and maintain
their identity as they wish. Dismantling the local traditions, which are not retrograde and
regressive, but are part of identity, jest and fervor is not desirable as it will breed mistrust
and mean forced homogenization in the name of modernization or westernization. Of course
superstitions and regressive beliefs and practices should be discouraged, not by force, but by
education, communication and persuasion.
Thinking line:
• A Civil Servant can win the confidence and trust of the people by implementing the welfare
and development programmes with right earnest, fairness and sensitivity.
• A Civil Servant needs to communicate with the tribal people and remain accessible for
listening their complaints and redress their problems on priority basis. This enhances
confidence and trust.
• A Civil Servant needs to be sensitive, human and caring. The language of love and care is
very eloquent and is proof of one's intent and motives, which can never go un-noticed.
Thinking line:
• People’s participation improves if the government and non-government platforms are accessible
to them.
• The barrier to accessibility may be fear, hesitation, ignorance, language, etc. These fears and
apprehensions can be reduced if the conveners of any welfare or development programme
develop traits that appears to the tribal people as their own and not alien.
• An awareness movement with right kind of communication and incentives to the people
who participate in welfare and development programmes can also do miracles in raising
participation levels.
• An assurance of better standard of living and amenities and livelihood opportunities generate
interest of people in welfare and development programmes. However, assurances must
fructify on the real ground; only promises would not do.
class).
14. You are CEO of a company, which is involved in manufacturing of large-scale copper
products. It has created good employment opportunity for the locals. But the local residents
are not happy with the management of the company and big group of local residents are
protesting continuously. They are demanding closer of the plant as factory discharge is
contaminating the local water sources.
Your father is a senior IAS officer placed in the concerned Ministry. He is influential and
very well networked. Company's management is pushing you to manage the situation and
local authority through your father, as putting high quality production facility in plant will
increase the cost of production, and company may loose market share in terms of sales if
cost goes high. Based on the above situation answer the following questions:
(c) What will be your final call? Justify.
Thinking line:
In the above case, the manufacturing industry though provide employment to the locals but is
causing huge damage to the environment. Thus the options available are:
(a) Convince management to follow prescribed regulations strictly.
Merits:
• This option is the most preferred one to begin with as it will improve compliance of rules
by the company and reduce hassles like irritants due to frequent raids by enforcement
agencies and occurrence of public protest and anger, so that the company can concentrate
more on its production and commercial activities.
• It will also be beneficial in the long run for all the stakeholders as the brand image of the
company would improve and people will have no point for protest and agitation as the
water bodies in particular and local environment in general would not be polluted.
• Further convincing the management would be easier as it is an internal affair whereas
managing all other stakeholders will be difficult and complex because they are exogenous
to the system having their own interests.
Demerits:
• The management of companies is often more interested in profit margins and sales targets
rather than compliance of rules.
• Further compliance of rules may increase the cost of production, reduce profit margins and
even affect sales adversely. Hence, convincing the management of the company may prove
out to be a herculean task.
• Even if management agrees, changing the plant and machinery and setting equipment and
policies to reduce pollution will be a time taking process. Insisting on compliance may cost
your job in the worst case on the allegation of incompetence on your part.
(b) Directly talk to local political leaders to influence situation temporarily.
Merits:
• The option of talking with local political leaders is needed immediately to dilute the crisis
and keep the company going. This solution is better than calling police and taking coercive
actions. This will be needed even if company management decides to comply with the rules,
which will take time to install and place policies and equipment to contain pollution and
clear the doubts and apprehensions of the people.
Demerits:
• The local political leaders might have their own agenda in mind rather than public interest.
They might be creating pressure on the company for donation for their party or personal
gratification. They usually make mountain of a molehill to gain coverage in media and
garner public support.
• In all these cases totally relying on them may not solve the crisis because the local political
leaders may not give any guarantee of not waging protest again. Personal gratification of one
leader may set a precedent for other leaders to use pressure tactics for the same in future.
It is always better to comply with the rules and simultaneously create a tuning with the
locals and their leaders by negotiating, offering them employment and service opportunities
as well doing development/welfare work under corporate social responsibility, which will
eventually win the trust of locals.
(c) Request father to influence local authority not to submit any adverse report against the
plant.
Merits:
• Management and administration is an art of ‘the possible’ and ‘pragmatism’. You can use
your influential father or any other influential contact to deter the authorities from raiding,
inspecting and reporting against your company for a while so as to buy time for improvement
in the system and negotiating with the people. But this is effective only for a short term.
Demerits:
• This is an unethical and unsustainable solution of the problem, which would not last long
as the new officers on transfer would have to be pressurized from above every time, which
is not practical.
• In the worst case this may cost the image of the CEO as well as his father if any unholy
alliance for wrong doing comes in light, which may attract legal action and imprisonment.
(d) Use media to spread news that closing of plant may hamper local employment & growth
opportunity.
Merits:
• This is an indispensable measure even if you explore the first two. Many of the protests
happen because of misconception and suspicion. Making people aware through media is a
good step to avoid confusion, suspicion and apprehension.
Demerits:
• Using media for creating favorable public opinion based on facts/realities is one thing and
simply using the platform for propaganda is other. Any move to force lies and befool people
would severely damage the image of the company and spoil the chances of solving the
problem. People may feel cheated and deceived. Creating misconception or pervading untruth
is immoral and unethical as well.
class).
15. You are head of a charitable trust that takes care of education, clothing, food & other basic
needs of children from marginal community. Your organization also offers health services
to the members of weaker section. You find it difficult to serve qualitatively because of the
crunch of funds. Trust runs on donations and contributions from donors only. There is a
regular fall in contribution from several imminent persons who were prime donors previously.
Now you have decided to go for small advertisement to get donation for the good cause.
Response is not very encouraging, however, a prominent local politician with a criminal
record offers a hefty donation. The options available are:
Thinking line:
• There is no problem in taking “unconditional” donation for the noble cause irrespective of
the background of the donor.
• Alfred Nobel earned his fortunes by supplying bombs during the war years on whose
donated corpus/ funding and name, Nobel Prize is given.
• In a way it will be an opportunity for a wrong doer/criminal to work for the betterment of
the society and beginning of mending his ways.
• The word unconditional is very important. If you read ulterior motives or vested interest, you
should reject donation from a tainted politician.
Thinking line:
• There is a belief that “means to achieve a goal should be as “pure and untainted” as the
“noble purpose” itself is. This is a thumb rule and very difficult to reject. So generally tainted
money should not be accepted as it will not only ruin the image of charity, but also affect
the nature and character of institution.
• Over a period of time the fund providers would try to have greater say in the policies of
charity. Involving people with tainted track records may absolve them from the image and
guilt of wrong doing, but they may vitiate the institution for their own vested interests and
the goal of serving the marginalized people may take a back seat. It is, however, a matter
of intelligent discretion to read any “heart change” in a tainted politician whose track record
is about wrong doing. Nevertheless, people do change; but very rarely.
Thinking line:
• The third option is an intelligent option, yet there are two important consequences.
a) Although it will be a good idea to suggest him to directly help the marginalized people,
the politicians may be angry on the trust and may hamper your charity to marginalized
people. However, this is cost worth paying to stop dirty source of funding that may
create a plethora of problems in future for the trust and even lead to exploitation of the
marginalized people.
b) The second consequence is shortage of funds to meet the target of quality service to the
marginalized people. If at all change has taken place in the man with a tainted
background, it must be left on him to carry his Good Samaritan and philanthropic act
on his own to establish his own credentials.
• This situation may require adjusting the operation and services of the charity according to
availability of funds and to maintain a smaller size so as to maintain quality of services and
character of the institution. This is desirable and possible to save the character of the institution.
(d) Reduce your operational scale to affordable level, so that you can sustain charitable work.
Thinking line:
• The last option is the best because charitable institutions should be moral and ethical and
recourse to quick pragmatism or short cuts for fund raising is undesirable as it might have
consequences for trust, image and even proper functioning of the trust.
• Reducing the size and operation level can ensure quality in whatever service the charitable
trust provides. No service should be judged by its size. Serving the people is very noble work
in itself and it is recognized by people over a period of time.
• They gradually start respecting such institutions and their leaders and have a desire to
engage with such institutions by providing funds and doing errands including services.
class).
16. You are a District Collector. A seven-year boy has been killed in a school. Parents are angry
and protesting. They have blocked the traffic and want speedy action. Parents are scared as
it happened during the school hours. They also want tough action against school
administration. Few parents don't want to send their children to same school. They tried
admission in different schools' but all of them have been denied admission. Now, few
parents seek help from administration for admission of their children at different places.
They don't want to send their children to same school where a boy has been killed. It is
harming their children's study as examination is approaching. What are the options before
you as District Collector to address the concerns of the parents?
Thinking line:
• In such sad episodes healing takes time and so it is not easy to pacify the parents and insist
on remaining in the same school. Even then, the District magistrate should not support
parents’ demand/decision of changing the school because it is not good for both school
because for one unintended accident the image of the school is sullied and it is abandoned
and for children as well who go to a new milieu where they would have unfamiliar teachers
and colleagues with whom they may find it difficult to settle quickly before the examination.
The following options are worth pursuing:
a) Providing security
– Fear among parents is the key problem. Presence of and participation administration at
different level may bring certain confidence in the minds of the parents.
– The District Magistrate should pacify the parents by committing security support/facilities
from administration’s side for some time and later from school’s side in much more
improved way so as to avert such accidents.
– He should also suggest the parents not to shift their children in other schools for fear
of security because wherever large number of students goes, security threats from both
internal monitoring failures and external involvement will remain.
– So rather than getting distressed, frustrated and angry and changing the school, finding a
viable solution to the problem is more important and practical. Also he should assure
parents to use technology to track the students’ movement and happenings in the school.
b) Seek participation from all stakeholders
– He should take steps to engage the school authorities, parents and children in developing
desirable security arrangements, which would reduce parents’ anger and contempt and
students’ fear and mistrust. Also in such meeting the DM should highlight that changing
the school is not the guarantee that such accidents will not happen. Rather than escaping
from risks (which is not possible), elders from administration and school along with
parents should take responsibility and stand united to fight such aberrations by innovative
and collaborative models.
– Besides beefing up of security, the District Magistrate should call get together with the
help of school authorities and parents to engage children more and more in co-curricular
and cultural activities so that they forget the memories of death of a boy in their school
and come out of the shadow of fear
class).
17. As a young IAS officer, you have been posted as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a remote
area. You have found that schools, road connectivity, community halls are not in good
conditions. You know that allocated budget is not sufficient and also the whole process of
getting nod from higher authority is time consuming. You have found an alternative to do
it through public participation. Mention the steps you will follow in this case and justify
each step.
Thinking line:
As the allocated budget is not sufficient to improve the situation, SDM may go for alternative ways
for improving collection of funds and citizen participation in the governance structure.
The options available for improving collection of funds are:
a) The IAS officer should first seek funding and support from the Panchayat or the municipality
institutions. These local institutions may spare some fund from their own kitty or mobilize
it from public through donations.
b) The IAS officer should also convince and seek support from local area development funs of
local MPs and MLAs because he is entitled to be a party to decide how such funds are to
be spend and on what projects.
c) With the existing government programmes of connectivity and developing basic amenities in
remote and by taking advantage of public-private partnership provisions, the IAS officer
should try to set right priorities and preferences to utilise the resources optimally.
d) Although there are newer modes of funding such as crowd funding and cloud funding, an
IAS officer will find it legally complex to do this on his own. But he can help the local people
and leaders to have such platforms wherefrom these funding sources may be mobilized for
developing connectivity and basic amenities in remote areas.
The first three options are very pragmatic and they already exist; they only need harnessing and
directing to the right purpose and priority. That is what is expected of an efficient IAS officer. The
last option is new and innovative, but it holds a great potential as a collective source of self financing
of various projects in remote areas. But this won’t be possible without high quality of leadership
and large scale involvement of people.
The options available for improving citizen participation are:
a) For citizen engagement to truly work, government must create a comprehensive
communications strategy — that includes reaching out and broadcasting to citizens on a
routine basis via email, SMS, social media, advertisements, door to door, at in-person events
or hosting informational sessions.
b) An Information, Education and Communication (IEC)/ Human Resource Development (HRD)
team should conducts awareness generation activities on a regular basis in selected villages.
c) Community leaders such as Sarpanchs (village heads) should be brought on board and made
nodal functionaries for awareness generation.
class).


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IAS 2018

ETHICS, INTEGRITY AND APTITUDE

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude [1]

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[ 2 ] Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

(a) Take donation from that politician.

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude [3]