02.calculation Box Culvert - PKGA3-1

Consulting Services for Detailed Design for
Danang - Quang Ngai Expressway Development Project Calculation Sheet
Table of content
1 General ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.1 Main features of Box culverts in Package A3.......................................................................... 2
1.1.1 List of Box culverts in Package A3........................................................................... 2
1.1.1.1 Cross drainage Box culverts.......................................................................... 2
1.1.1.2 Underpass Culverts........................................................................................ 2
1.1.2 Typical plan............................................................................................................... 2
1.1.2.1 Cross drainage box culverts.......................................................................... 3
1.1.2.2 Underpass culverts......................................................................................... 4
1.2 Summary of Design method..................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Typical design............................................................................................................ 4
1.2.2 Grouping.................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2.1 Design group for Cross Drainage Box Culvert............................................. 4
1.2.2.2 Design group for Underpass Culvert............................................................. 5
1.2.3 Structural calculation and reinforced arrangement................................................... 6
2 Design standard.............................................................................................................................. 6
3 Design method................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1 Limit states............................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Load modifier factor ............................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Resistance Factor .................................................................................................................. 6
3.4 Load and Load Combinations:................................................................................................. 6
3.4.1 Load:.......................................................................................................................... 6
3.4.1.1 Dead Load...................................................................................................... 6
3.4.1.2 Live Load and Dynamic Load Allowance..................................................... 7
NK-NE-Chodai-TEC Page : 1
3.4.1.3 Water load and Stream pressure: WA............................................................ 8
3.4.1.4 Earth pressure: EH......................................................................................... 8
3.4.1.5 Surcharge load: LS......................................................................................... 9
3.4.2 Load combination:.................................................................................................... 9
3.5 Design principle for each Limit state....................................................................................... 10
3.5.1 Strength limit state.................................................................................................... 10
3.5.1.1 Design flowchart for Strength limit state....................................................... 10
3.5.1.2 Calculation formula for Flexural................................................................... 10
3.5.1.3 Design flowchart for shear............................................................................. 11
3.5.2 Service limit state...................................................................................................... 12
3.5.2.1 For RC component......................................................................................... 12
4 Material Properties:........................................................................................................................ 14
4.1 Concrete ............................................................................................................................ 14
4.2 Reinforcing Steel...................................................................................................................... 14
5 Coefficient of subgrade reaction of bearing................................................................................... 14
6 Design result ............................................................................................................................ 16
6.1 Summary of Design results...................................................................................................... 16
6.2 Bearing capacity....................................................................................................................... 16
6.2.1 Soil parameters:......................................................................................................... 17
6.2.2 Estimate bearing capacity formula............................................................................ 17
6.2.3 Estimate maximum stress at bottom of culvert......................................................... 19
6.3 Summary of Reinforced arrangement

6.4 Calculation sheet for each type of box culverts
1 General
1.1 Main features of Box culverts in Package A3
1.1.1 List of Box culverts in Package A3
3.1.1.1 Cross drainage Box culverts
Table 1.1: List of Cross Drainage Box culverts in Package A3

Size Angle Coverin
Length
SN Station (BxH) (degre g
(m)
(m) e) (m)
3-
1 Km100+060.0 90 2.11 32.12
(3.0x3.0)
1-
2 Km101+130.0 90 2.73 34.61
(3.0x3.0)
1-
3 Km102+687.0 90 4.42 42.00
(2.0x2.0)
1-
4 Km103+090.0 R70 5.87 50.17
(3.0x3.0)
1-
5 Km103+330.0 L80 1.39 29.70
(2.0x2.0)
2-
6 Km106+154.0 90 5.56 45.91
(3.0x3.0)
2-
7 Km106+544.0 R60 4.07 46.10
(3.0x2.0)
1-
8 Km107+880.0 90 4.65 42.30
(2.0x2.0)
1-
9 Km108+684.0 R82 4.88 43.70
(2.0x1.5)
2-
10 Km109+860.0 90 5.56 45.91
(3.0x3.0)
3.1.1.2 Underpass Culverts

Table 1.2: List of Underpass Culverts in Package A3
Crossing Roads Dimension (m)
Angle Widt Heig Lengt
SN Covering
Station Class (degr h ht h
(m)
ee) (m) (m) (m)
1 Km 99+543.440 Class V L84 4.5 4.5 25.64 0.78
2 Km 100+510.354 Rural C L80 4.0 3.0 25.90 0.81
3 Km 102+063.300 Rural A R80 5.0 3.5 32.47 1.70
4 Km 102+896.000 Class VI R70 6.5 4.5 34.46 1.78
5 Km 103+948.090 Rural B 90 4.0 3.0 25.50 0.85
6 Km 104+552.539 Rural C 90 3.0 3.0 25.50 0.76
7 Km 105+706.326 Rural A L70 5.0 3.5 27.14 0.66
25.89
8 Class VI L80 4.5 4.5
Km 106+464.000 5 0.86
27.13
9 Rural A R70 5.0 3.5
Km 106+689.661 6 0.807
25.89
10 Class VI R80 4.5 4.5
Km 108+102.769 5 1.064
11 Km 108+623.735 Rural A 90 5.0 3.5 35.68 2.565
25.49
12 Rural A 90 5.0 3.5
Km 109+478.160 8 0.774
13 Km 109+810.285 Class V 90 4.5 4.5 25.5 1.124
43.02
14 Rural C 90 4.0 3.0
Km 108+061.152 5 3.50
Table 1.3: List of Underpass Culverts in Package A3 (Interchange)

Crossing Roads Dimension (m)
Angle Widt Heig Lengt
SN Covering
Station Class (degr h ht h
(m)
ee) (m) (m) (m)
160.1
1 Rural A 87 5.0 3.5 0.85
Km101+391.71 2
1.1.2 Typical plan
3.1.1.3 Cross drainage box culverts

c ul ver t bo x - km100+060
c è ng hé p - KM100+060
(s c al e - t û l Ö: 1/250)
a c b
1251 2550 1251
300 30 590 30 301 75 2400 75 301 30 590 30 300
10.154 10.459 10.154

6.00% 2.00% 2.00% 2.00% 2.00% 6.00%
mo r t al s t o new o r k, t =30c m
0% 50.0 BLINDING STONE, t =10c m
35 211
50.0 0%
219
mo r t al s t o n ew o r k
30
§ ¸ hé c x©y v÷a
285
j o int f o r c b
300
5.00 0.0% 5.00 0.0% 5.00
13050
35
LEAN CONCRETE CLASS c 10, t =10c m
CONCRETE CLASS c 25
CONCRETE CLASS c 20 B£ T¤ NG ®Öm LO¹ I c 10, t =10c m
B£ T¤ NG LO¹ I c 25
B£ T¤ NG LO¹ I c 20 BLINDING STONE, t =10c m
®¸ § ¡ M § ÖM, t =10c m
50 250 50 570 800 2 800 2 800 2 806 570 50 250 50

300 620 159 2894 159 620 300
a c b
5.15
5.15
5.15
5.16
5.16
5.16
5.19
5.16
5.16
5.16
6.19
5.14
5.14
5.20
5.16
5.16
5.16
5.61
5.50
4.45
4.46
4.47
4.48
4.45
5.27
5.76
5.76
5.85
6.24
6.89
4.45
4.45
4.46
4.47
4.56
5.82
6.87
0.650.97 6.52 1.41 7.70 0.59 7.55 1.96 4.37 2.29 1.32 1.24 1.690.31 2.77 0.84 3.73 3.36 0.491.070.62 4.53 1.63 0.63 3.33 1.28 2.09 1.97 6.31 0.35 5.25 0.371.160.55 5.14 3.38 7
c u l ver t pl an (s c al e: 1/250)
mÆt b»ng (t û l Ö 1/250)
50 50 570 159 2894 159 570 50 50

250 250
50
t o Quang Ng ai
68
68
341
341
13920
159
30°
35
300
°
90
35
2150
2050
1040
1040
1040
1040
300
35
300
2150/2=1075
35
30°
20139
159
341
341
800 2 800 2 800 2 806

bo x c ul ver t l eng t h, l =3212c m
68
68
50
t o Da nang
s ec t io n - mÆt c ¾t : a-a
s ec t io n - mÆt c ¾t : c -c
s c al e 1:150
s c al e 1:150
1640
10.154
300 35 300 35 300 35 300 35 300
3550
40 1040 40
7.55
2:1
2:1
30
150x150
35
So il bac kfi l l So il bac kfi l l

®Êt ®¾p t h©n c è ng ®Êt ®¾p t h©n c è ng
300
35 300 35 300 35 300 35

285
300
1:
1 1:1
35
5.00
50
35
10 1040 10
50 1060 50
R.c bo x c ul ver t c 25
LEAN CONCRETE c 10, t =10c m
50 772068 341 1040 341 682077 50 BLINDING STONE, t =10c m
2150
Figure 1.1: Typical plan of Cross drainage Box culverts
3.1.1.4 Underpass culverts
Figure 1.2: Typical
plan of Underpass Box culverts
1.2 Summary of Design method
1.2.1 Typical design
- The typical design will be mentioned to box culvert on nominal section, box culvert placed
on bearing layer enough strong compare with maximum factored stress at bottom of culvert.
- For box culvert on softsoil section will be considered individual.
1.2.2 Grouping
In Da Nang Quang Ngai Expressway development project have approximately 300 box culvert of
two kind of: Cross drainage box culvert and Underpass culvert. The each culvert has difference of
number of cell, the dimention, and covering heigh... The structural of culvert consided by design
group depend below parameters and some special cases will be consided separately. The bearing
capacity of soil at bottom of culvert will be consided in individual.
3.1.1.5 Design group for Cross Drainage Box Culvert
The group are decided considering the following items:
- Cell Number of Box culvert.
- Dimension of Box culvert.
- Height of covering.
Table 1.4: Design group of Cross Drainage Box culverts

Dimension Dimension
Grou Width x Thickne Gro
Covering Width x Height Covering Thickness
p Height ss up
W x H (m) (m) (mm) W x H (m) (m) (mm)
0.6 > H 220 0.6 > H 220
1 1.5 x 1.5 0.6 < H < 4.5 220 7 2(1.5 x 1.5) 0.6 < H < 4.5 220
4.5 < H < 9.0 250 4.5 < H < 9.0 250
2 2.0 x1.5 0.6 > H 220 8 2(2.0 x1.5) 0.6 > H 220
0.6 < H < 4.5 220 0.6 < H < 4.5 220
4.5 < H < 9.0 250 4.5 < H < 9.0 250
0.6 > H 250 0.6 > H 250
3 2.0 x 2.0 0.6 < H < 4.5 250 9 2(2.0 x 2.0) 0.6 < H < 4.5 250
4.5 < H < 9.0 300 4.5 < H < 9.0 300
0.6 > H 300 0.6 > H 300
0.6 < H < 4.5 300 0.6 < H < 4.5 300
4 2.5 x 2.5 4.5 < H < 9.0 300 10 2(2.5 x 2.5) 4.5 < H < 9.0 300
9.0 < H < 9.0 < H <
400 400
12.0 12.0
0.6 > H 300 0.6 > H 300
5 3.0 x 2.0 0.6 < H < 4.5 300 11 2(3.0 x 2.0) 0.6 < H < 4.5 300
4.5 < H < 9.0 300 4.5 < H < 9.0 300
0.6 > H 350 0.6 > H 350
0.6 < H < 4.5 350 0.6 < H < 4.5 350
4.5 < H < 9.0 400 4.5 < H < 9.0 400
6 3.0 x 3.0 12 2(3.0 x 3.0)
9.0 < H < 9.0 < H <
450 450
12.0 12.0
H > 12.0 450 H > 12.0 450
 n: cell number of box culvert is 2 or more than.
 After the consideration of internal force in 2 cell box culvert and multiple cell box culvert
are not so different, three cells culvert was design as two cell for safety.
3.1.1.6 Design group for Underpass Culvert
The grouping was decided considering the following items:
- Cell number of underpass culvert.
- Dimension of Box culvert.
- Height of covering.
- Design live load of Cross road (Ex: 0.65HL93, 0.5 HL93...)
Table 1.5: Design group of Underpass Box culverts

Dimension Live load on
Member Thickness Lanecross road
Design
Grou Top Bottom Web
Width Height Covering Num Load
p slab Slab Slab
(m) (m) (m) ber
(lane
(mm) (mm) (mm)
)
H < 0,6 350 400 350 0.5
1 3,0 3,0 1
0.6 < H < 4.5 350 400 350 HL93
2 4,0 3,0 H < 0,6 400 450 400 1 0.65
0.6 < H < 4.5 400 450 400 HL93

H < 0,6 450 500 450 0.65
3 5,0 3,5 1
0.6 < H < 4.5 450 500 450 HL93
H < 0,6 450 500 450 0.65
4 5,0 4,0 1
0.6 < H < 4.5 450 500 450 HL93
0.65
5 6,5 4,5 0.6 < H < 4.5 550 600 550 1
HL93
The design live load applied to cross road is based on Memorandum of meeting between PMU85,
F/S consultant and D/D consultant on August 27, 2012:
- The factor of axles weight on road of class V and below shall be applied the following coefficients
in accordance with section 3.6.1.2.3 of 22 TCN 272-05.
+ Class V to Class B: 0.65.
+ Class C: 0.50.
1.2.3 Structural calculation and reinforced arrangement
- Typical structural will be calculated refer to above type of box culvert.
- For box culvert on softsoil section will be considered individual. If it didn’t so much effect
to internal force. The structural and reinforced arrangement would be applied to typical
structural.
2 Design standard
- The box culvert structures shall be designed by the specified limit states in the Vietnamese
Standards 22 TCN 272-05 – accordance to letter no DQEDD PMU 85-99-13 dated February
26th 2013.
- The reinforcing accordance to the standard TCVN1651 – 2008.
3 Design method
3.1 Limit states

The bridge structures shall be verified by the following limit states, and all of limit states
shall be considered of equal importance:
 Strength limit state
 Service limit state
3.2 Load modifier factor 
Bridge Superstructure shall satisfy Eq.1 for each limit state, unless otherwise specified. For
SERVICE and EXTREME EVENT limit stats, resistance factors shall be taken as 1.0.
(Eq.1)
D = 1.00 (for ductility).
R = 1.00 (for redundancy).
I = 1.00 (for operational Importance).
3.3 Resistance Factor 
Resistance factor is shown bellow. For service and extreme event limit state, resistance facter φ is
1.00.
Table3.1: Resistance Factor 
* For service and extreme event limit state, φ=1.00

* Refer to Vietnamese “Specifications for Bridge Design 22TCN-272-05”
For compression members with flexure, the value of φ may be increased linearly to the value for
flexure as the factored axial load resistance, φPn, decreases from 0.10f’cAg to 0.
3.4 Load and Load Combinations:
3.4.1 Load:
3.1.1.7 Dead Load
Dead load of structural components and nonstructural attachments (DC) are calculated by use of the
densities noted below:
Table3.2: The material density
Unit
N Density
Material Weight
o (kg/m3)
(kN/m3)
1 Plain Concrete 2400 23.5
2 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete 2500 24.5
3 Asphalt Pavement 2250 22.0
*The materials density based on 22TCN-272-05.
3.1.1.8 Live Load and Dynamic Load Allowance
Live load and dynamic load allowance is based on Article 3.6.1 and 3.6.2 of 22TCN-272-05.
The following requirements are adopted in the structural design of the culverts for drainage purposes:
- In case that the fill above the top of culvert is less than 0.60 m, the wheel load should be
applied directly on the culvert (not a distributed load).
- In case that the fill above the top of culvert is more than 0.60 m, application of the wheel
load on the culvert can be neglected.
 Design Vehicular Live Load

Vehicular live loading (HL-93) shall consist of a combination as followings:
 Design Truck
 Design Tandem
 Design Lane Load
Note: For fatigue load, the distance between 145kN axles shall be constant of 9000mm
Design Truck
9.3N/mm/3000mm Width (1 Design Lane)

110kN 110kN
1800mm
1200mm Design Lane 3500mm
Design Tandem Design Lane Load

The extreme force effect shall be taken the larger as followings:
 The effects of Design Tandem and Design Lane Load.
 The effects of Design Truck with variable axle spacing and Design Lane
Load.
 Dynamic Load Allowance: IM

The dynamic load allowance for culverts in percent shall be taken as:
IM = 33(1-4.1x10-4DE > 0%
 Braking Force: BR
The braking forces shall be taken as 25% of the axle weights of the design truck or tandem
per lane placed in all design lanes which are carrying traffic headed in the same direction. Besides all
design lanes shall be simultaneously loaded for bridges likely to become one-directional in the future.
These forces shall be assumed to act horizontally at a distance of 1800mm above the roadway
surface in either longitudinal direction to cause extreme force effects. The multiple presence factors
shall apply.
3.1.1.9 Water load and Stream pressure: WA
- Water pressure does not cause adverse effects to the structure so it will not be considered.
3.1.1.10 Earth pressure: EH

Earth pressure shall be assumed to be linearly proportional to the depth of earth and taken as.
Ph = Ka.s.g.Z.10-9 (3.11.5.1-1)
In which:
Ph : horizontal earth pressure at the depth of Z

(N/mm2)
+ Lateral earth pressure applied on the plate as figure
Ph1 = Ka*s*g*h3 *10-9
Ph2 = Ka*s*g*(H+h3)*10-9
Inwhic
h:
- Ph : Horizontal earth pressure (N/mm)
- Ka : active earth pressure coefficient
- gs : Density of soil (kg/m3)
- g : Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)
- =300 : Angle of internal friction
- h3 : filling height from top of box culvert
(mm)
- H : Total height of box culvert (mm)
3.1.1.11 Surcharge load: LS

Where a surcharge load is present, a constant horizontal earth pressure shall be added to the
basic earth pressure. This constant earth pressure may be taken as
DP = k.s.g.heq.10-9
Where:
DP = constant horizontal earth pressure due to uniform surcharge load applied (Mpa)
k = coefficient of earth pressure
s = density of soil (kg/m3)
heq = height of soil equivalent to design truck (mm).
3.4.2 Load combination:
Table 3.3: Load combinations and Load factors
Str. I- Str. Service

State Mark Str. I-A Str. I-B Str. III-B
C III-A I
Dead load of structural DC 1.25 1.25 0.90 0.90 1.25 1.00
Dead load of wearing DW 1.50 1.50 0.65 0.65 1.50 1.00
Vertical earth pressure EV 1.30 1.30 0.90 0.90 1.30 1.00
Horizontal earth
EH 1.50 0.90 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00
pressure
Live load LL 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.35 1.35 1.00
Live load surcharge LS 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.35 1.35 1.00
Where :
DC- dead load of structural components and nonstructural attachments;
DW – Additional static load
LL - live load EV - Vertical earth pressure
IM - vehicular dynamic load allowance; EH - Horizontal earth pressure
3.5 Design principle for each Limit state
3.5.1 Strength limit state
3.1.1.12 Design flowchart for Strength limit state
Design flowchart for strength limit state is show below:
Fi
g ur
3.
1 :
e si
g n
fl
o w
chart for Strength limit state
3.1.1.13 Calculation formula for Flexural
The nominal flexural resistance:
Where:
Aps : area of prestressing steel (MM2)
fps : average stress in prestressing steel at nominal bending resistance (MPa)
dp : distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of prestressing tendons (mm)
As : area of nonprestressed tensile reinforcement (mm2)
fy : specified yield strength of reinforcing bar s (MPa)
ds : distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of nonprestressed tensile reinforcement (mm)
A’s : area of nonprestressed compresstion reinforcement (mm2)
f’y : specified yield strength of compression reinforcing bars (MPa)
: distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of
d’s
nonprestressed compresstion reinforcement (mm)
f’c : specified compressive strength of concrete at 28 days (MPa)
b : width of the compression face of the member (mm)
bw : web width or diameter of a circular section (mm)
1 : stress block factor
hf : compression flange depth of an I or T member (mm)
a : c.1 ; depth of the equivalent stress block (mm)
3.1.1.14 Design flowchart for shear
End
Show on next page
Figure 3.2: Design flowchart for shear (1/2)
End
End
Figure 3.3: Design flowchart for shear (2/2)
3.5.2 Service limit state
3.1.1.15 For RC component
a. Tensile stress limits for gross section
Table 4.5.2.1-1: Tensile stress limit for gross section

Condition Limit tensile stress (Mpa)
Construction state 80% of 0.63 f 'ci0.5
Completion state 80% of 0.63 f 'c0.5
Where:
+ fci: is compression stress of concrete at time of calculation.
+ fc : is compression stress of concrete at 28 days.
b. Design follow chart at Service state
Start
Change Section
Dimensions
or Re-bar Arrangement
Yes Stress of gross section is

80% or
less of modulus of
rupture.
No
Stress in Re-bar is less No

than
limitation stress of
crack. Yes
END
Figure 3.4: Design flowchart at Service state
c. Crack control
Components shall be so proportioned that the tensile stress in the mild steel reinforcement at
the service limit state does not exceed fsa, determined as 22TCN272-05 5.7.3.4-1:
fs < min( ; 0,6fy)
Where:
dc = depth of concrete measured from extreme tension fiber to center of bar or wire
located closest hereto; for calculation purposes, the thickness of clear cover used to
compute dc shall not be taken to be the greater than 50mm.
A = Area of concrete having the same centroid as the principal tensile reinforcement
and bounded by the surfaces of the cross section and a straight line parallel to the
neutral axis, divided by the number of bars or wires (mm 2); for calculation purposes,
the thickness of clear concrete cover used to computed A shall not be taken to be
greater than 50mm.
Z = Crack width parameter (N/mm)
+ Z= 17500(N/mm) for buried structures.
4 Material Properties:
4.1 Concrete
Use of concrete grade of f’c=25MPa (Concrete Class :C25) is assumed for box culvert, wing wall
in the design. Concrete strength, f’c, shall be based on the 28-day compressive strength of cylinder
specimens.
Table 4.1 Concrete Properties
For Abutment, Formula
N Symb
Item Pier, bored
o ol
pile
1 Compressive Strength at 28 days f’c 25 Mpa
Ec 26,875 MPa Ec=0.043c1.5(f’c)
2 Modulus of Elasticity 0.5
3 Modulus of Rupture fr 3.15MPa Fr=0.63(f’c)0.5

Coefficient of Thermal α 10.8 x 10-6/deg
4
Expansion
5 Poisson’s Ratio - 0.2
*The stress-strain curve was set up based on 22TCN-272-05.
4.2 Reinforcing Steel
- Reinforcement:
 The strength of reinforcement under the standard TCVN1651 - 2008
 Plain bar (CB300-T) : fsy = 300 MPa.
 Ribbed bar (CB400-V) : fsy = 400 Mpa
 Elastic modulus :Es = 200000 Mpa.
5 Coefficient of subgrade reaction of bearing

The determine coefficient of subgrade reaction based on the “Principles of foundation engineering”.
If a foundation of width B, is subjected to a load per unit area of q, it will undergo a settlement .
The coefficient of subgrade modulus can be defined as: k=q/
B
Figure 5.1: Model of coefficient of subgrage reaction

+ Square foundation:
For Foundation on sandy soils:
ks = k0.3 ((B+0.3) / 2B)2
For Foundation on Clays:
ks = k0.3 (0.3 / B)
+ Rectangular foundation
kr = ks ( 1+0.5 B / L) / 1.5
Inwhich:
- ks : Coefficient of subgrade modulus of the square foundation BxB (m) (kN/m3).
- kr : Coefficient of subgrade modulus of the rectangular foundation LxB(m) (kN/m3).
- k0.3 : Coefficient of subgrade modulus of foundation measuring 0.3x0.3(m) (kN/m3).
- B : The foundation width (m).
- L : Foundation length (m).
The value of k0.3 for Sand soil and Clays show on below table:
Sand soil
Saturate Clay
(Dry or moist)
d
MN/
Loose 8-25 MN/m3 10-15 Stiff 12-25 MN/m3
m3
Mediu MN/
25-125 MN/m3 35-40 Very stiff 35-40 MN/m3
m m3
130- MN/
Dense 125-375 MN/m3 Hard >50 MN/m3
150 m3
+ Coefficient of subgrade reaction
- L = Calculated length of culvert (m)
- B = Calculated width of culvert (m)
- k03 = Coefficient of subgrade of foundation measuring 0.3x0.3(m) k0.3 = 25
MN/m3
Sandy soil Clay

k03
S Dimentio B L ks kr ks kr s k1 k2
(MN/
N n (m) (m) (kN/m 3
(kN/m (kN/m (kN/m (kN/m 3
(kN/m3
m3) 3 3 3
(m)
) ) ) ) ) )
Cross drainage box
culvert
1x(1.5x1. 1,0
1 1,94 25,00 8332 8332 3866 5077 1347 2694
5) 0 0,32
1x(2.0x1. 1,0
2 2,44 25,00 7881 7881 3074 4549 2404 4808
5) 0 0,61
1x(2.0x2. 1,0
3 2,50 25,00 7840 7840 3000 4500 1960 3920
0) 0 0,50
1x(2.5x2. 1,0
4 3,00 25,00 7563 7563 2500 4167 2269 4538
5) 0 0,60
1x(3.0x2. 1,0
5 3,60 25,00 7335 7335 2083 3889 2201 4401
0) 0 0,60
1x(3.0x3. 1,0
6 3,70 25,00 7305 7305 2027 3851 2252 4505
0) 0 0,62
2x(1.5x1. 1,0
7 3,66 25,00 7317 7317 2049 3866 1674 3347
5) 0 0,46
2x(2.0x1. 1,0
8 4,66 25,00 7081 7081 1609 3573 2062 4124
5) 0 0,58
2x(2.0x2. 1,0
9 4,75 25,00 7064 7064 1579 3553 2097 4194
0) 0 0,59
1 2x(2.5x2. 1,0
5,90 25,00 6902 6902 1271 3347 1697 3393
0 5) 0 0,49
1 2x(3.0x2. 1,0
6,90 25,00 6805 6805 1087 3225 1957 3913
1 0) 0 0,58
1 2x(3.0x3. 1,0
7,05 25,00 6793 6793 1064 3209 1996 3991
2 0) 0 0,59
Underpass culvert
1,0
1 3.0x3.0 3,70 25,00 7305 7305 2027 3851 1689 3378
0 0,46
1,0
2 4.0x3.0 4,80 25,00 7056 7056 1563 3542 2117 4233
0 0,60
1,0
3 5.0x3.5 5,90 25,00 6902 6902 1271 3347 2036 4072
0 0,59
1,0
4 5,0x4,0 5,90 25,00 6902 6902 1271 3347 2036 4072
0 0,59
1.0
5 6.5x4.5 7.6 25.00 6753 6753 987 1296 0.76 2566 5132
0
- In here Coefficient of subgrade of foundation k03 is 25 for medium sand and stiff clay.
- When the structure analysis, the coefficient of sand used to generate adverse effects for
structural.
- Spring coefficient to input to software divided by s (m) follow below formular
K1= 0.5*kr*s (kN/m)
K2 = kr *L* s (kN/m)
6 Design result
6.1 Summary of Design results
Table 6.1: Summary of design results of drainage box culvert

Coverin
Size Coveri Lengt Bearin
S Angle g
Station (BxH) ng h Group g soil
N (degree) group
(m) (m) (m) type
(m)
1-
1 Km052+040.0 R70 3.13 36.24 2 0.5-4.5 Nomal
(2.0x1.5)
1-
2 Km052+940.0 90 4.06 39.93 3 0.5-4.5 Nomal
(2.0x2.0)
1-
3 Km053+460.0 90 2.49 33.62 3 0.5-4.5 Nomal
(2.0x2.0)
1-
4 Km053+960.0 90 5.03 43.81 3 4.5-9.0 Nomal
(2.0x2.0)
2-
5 Km054+970.0 L70 3.5 40.07 8 0.5-4.5 Nomal
(2.0x1.5)
1- 4.5-9.0
6 Km056+410.0 90 5.81 46.88 4 Nomal
(2.5x2.5)
2- 4.5-9.0
7 Km057+475.0 90 5.81 46.91 8 Nomal
(2.0x1.5)
1- 4.5-9.0
8 Km060+245.0 R80 6.26 49.86 1 Nomal
(1.5x1.5)
2- 4.5-9.0
9 Km061+788.0 R70 6.93 51.4 9 Nomal
(2.0x2.0)
2-
10 Km062+344.0 90 1.68 32.28 10 0.5-4.5 Nomal
(2.5x2.5)
1-
11 Km062+830.0 90 3.91 39.35 3 0.5-4.5 Nomal
(2.0x2.0)
1- 4.5-9.0
12 Km063+090.0 90 5.91 47.45 3 Nomal
(2.0x2.0)
2- 4.5-9.0
13 Km063+674.0 90 8.43 61.56 7 Nomal
(1.5x1.5)
Table 6.2: Summary of design results of Underpass culvert

Underpass culverts Dimension (m)
Design Bearin
Widt Heig Leng Coveri
SN Live load g soil
Station Class h ht th ng
Design Group type
(m) (m) (m) (m)
1 Km 99+543.440 Class V 0.65 HL93 4.5 4.5 25.64 0.78 Nomal
Km Nomal
2 Rural C 0.65 HL93 4.0 3.0 25.90 0.81 2
100+510.354
Km Nomal
3 Rural A 0.65 HL93 5.0 3.5 32.47 1.70 3
102+063.300
Km Class Nomal
4 0.65 HL93 6.5 4.5 34.46 1.78 5
102+896.000 VI
Km Nomal
5 Rural B 0.65 HL93 4.0 3.0 25.50 0.85 2
103+948.090
Km Nomal
6 Rural C 0.5 HL93 3.0 3.0 25.50 0.76 1
104+552.539
Km Nomal
7 Rural A 0.65 HL93 5.0 3.5 27.14 0.66 3
105+706.326
Km Class 25.89 Nomal
8 0.65 HL93 4.5 4.5
106+464.000 VI 5 0.86
Km 27.13 Nomal
9 Rural A 0.65 HL93 5.0 3.5 3
106+689.661 6 0.807
Km Class 25.89 Nomal
10 0.65 HL93 4.5 4.5
108+102.769 VI 5 1.064
Km Nomal
11 Rural A 0.65 HL93 5.0 3.5 3
108+623.735 35.68 2.565
Km 25.49 Nomal
12 Rural A 0.65 HL93 5.0 3.5 3
109+478.160 8 0.774
Km Nomal
13 Class V 0.65 HL93 4.5 4.5
109+810.285 25.5 1.124
Km 43.02 Nomal
14 Rural C 0.65 HL93 4.0 3.0 2
108+061.152 5 4.436
Table 6.3: Summary of design results of Underpass culvert (Interchange)

Underpass culverts Dimension (m)
Design Bearin
Widt Heig Leng Coveri
SN Live load g soil
Station Class h ht th ng
Design Group type
(m) (m) (m) (m)
106.1 Nomal
1 Rural A 0.65 HL93 5.0 3.5 0.85 3
Km101+391.71 2
6.2 Bearing capacity
6.2.1 Soil parameters:
Some evaluations of geologyical conditions at box culvert location on PKG A3:

Most of the bearing layer at Box culvert location on PKG A3 are sand and sand with clay,
SPT value from 6 to 23 blow/30cm.
Table 6.4: The soil properties at box culvert location of PKG A3
Coveri
Dimension (m) Bearing layer
ng
S Station C
Widt Heig Length Nam Soil SPT
N el (m)
h ht (m) e type value
l
Cross Drainage Box culverts
1 Km100+060.0 3 3.0 3.0 32.12 2.11 8B2 CH 19
2 Km101+130.0 1 3.0 3.0 34.61 2.73 4B2 CL 6

SC-
3 Km102+687.0 1 2.0 2.0 42.00 4.42 9A 16
SM
4 Km103+090.0 1 3.0 3.0 50.17 5.87 12C V-1 50
5 Km103+330.0 1 2.0 2.0 29.70 1.39 9B SC 45
6 Km106+154.0 2 3.0 3.0 45.91 5.56 3A1 SC 8
7 Km106+544.0 2 3.0 2.0 46.10 4.07 3A1 SC 8
8 Km107+880.0 1 2.0 2.0 42.30 4.65 5A CL 20
9 Km108+684.0 1 2.0 1.5 43.70 4.88 3B1 SC 12
10 Km109+860.0 2 3.0 3.0 45.91 5.56 9A SC 22
Underpass
Culvert
SP-
1 2 4.5 4.5 25.64 0.78 3B2 13
Km 99+543.440 SM
Km
2 1 4 3 25.90 0.81 8B2 SC 17
100+510.354
Km
3 1 5 3.5 32.47 1.70 4B1 CH 4
102+063.300
Km
4 1 6.5 4.5 34.46 1.78 9A SC 16
102+896.000
Km
5 1 4 3 25.50 0.85 9A SC 18
103+948.090
Km
6 1 3 3 25.50 0.76 9B SM 35
104+552.539
Km
7 1 5 3.5 27.14 0.66 3B1 SC 13
105+706.326
Km
8 2 4.5 4.5 3A1 SC 5
106+464.000 25.895 0.86
Km
9 1 5 3.5 3A3 SP 12
106+689.661 27.136 0.807
Km
10 2 4.5 4.5 3A1 SC 8
108+102.769 25.895 1.064
Km
11 1 5 3.5 8A1 ML 15
108+622.850 35.68 2.565
Km
12 1 5 3.5 9A SC 12
109+478.161 25.498 0.774
Km
13 2 4.5 4.5 9A SC 22
109+810.285 25.5 1.124
Km
14 1 4 3 8B1 CL 18
110+078.245 43.025 3.55
Underpass Culvert (Interchange)
1 Km 101+391.70 1 5 3.5 106.12 0.85 8B1 CL 18
In this table:
- SP : Poorly graded sand. - SC-SM : Silty clayey sand.
- SC : Sandy clay. - SW : Well graded sand.
- CL : Low plasticity clay.
6.2.2 Estimate bearing capacity formula
- Beating resistance of soil will be estimated by theoretical method.

- Most of the bearing layer at Box culvert location on PKG A4 are sand and sand with clay.
The soil is loose and stiff, the soils are not enough strength to get undisturbed cores and don't
have testing result for the unconfined compressive strength qu. Therefore qu value maybe estimated by
SPT value.
−9
- The bearing Q g cohesionless
ult 1=0,5of
resistance γB C w 1 N γm , 10
soils: + g
−9❑
In which γ C w 2 D f N qm 10
Df = footing depth (mm)
 = Density of soil (kg/m3)
B = Footing width (mm)
Cw1, Cw2 = Coefficients as specified in table 1 as a function of Dw (DIM)
Dw = Depth to water surface taken from the ground surface (mm)
Ngm = Modified bearing capacity factor (DIM)
Table 1: Coefficients Cw1 and Cw2 for various groundwater depths
Dw Cw1 Cw1
0 0.50 0.50
Df 0.50 1.00
> 1.5B+Df 1.00 1.00
- The bearing capacity factors Nm and Nqm may be taken as:
Nm = Nsci
Nqm = Nqsqcqiqdq
In which
N = Bearing capacity factor as specified in table 10.6.3.1.2c-2 for footings on
relatively level ground (DIM)
Nq = Bearing capacity factor as specified in table 10.6.3.1.2c-2 for relatively level
ground (DIM)
s q , s = Shape factors specified in tables 10.6.3.1.2c-3 & 4 respectively (DIM)
cq, c = Soil comprressibility factors specified in table 10.6.3.1.2c-5 & 6 (DIM)
iq, i = Load inclination factors specified on table 10.6.3.1.2c-7 & 8 (DIM)
dq = Depth factor specified in table 10.6.3.1.2c-9 (DIM)
The bearing resistance of saturated clays will be estimated by formula:

Qult 2=c N cm, + g γ D f N qm 10−9❑
In which:
The bearing capacity factors Ncm and Nqm may be taken as:
 For Df/B < 2.5, B/L < 1 and H/V < 0.4
N cm =N c [ 1+0,2 Df /B ] [ 1+ 0,2 B/ L ] [ 1−1,3 H /V ] (10.6.3.1.2b-2)
 For Df/B > 2.5, and H/V < 0.4
N cm =N c [ 1+0,2 B /L ][ 1−1,3 H / V ] (10.6.3.1.2b-3)
- Nc = 5,0 for use in equation 2 on relatively level soil
= 7,5 for use in equation 2 on relatively level soil
- Nqm = 1.0 for saturated clay and relatively level ground surface
= 0.0 for footing on sloping ground or adjacent to sloping ground
- Df = Footing depth (mm)
-  = Density of soil (kg/m3)
- c = Su = undrained shear strength (Mpa)
In here the undrained shear strength of clay will be estimated from SPT value. Terzaghi and
peck formula is used:
Su = 0,5 qu = 0,5.k.N.10-3 = 6.N.10-3
+ The factor k = 12
- N = SPT value
- Su = undrained compression strength (Mpa)
- qu = drain compression strength (Mpa)
The result of bearing capacity of each culvert showed on Table 6.5.
6.2.3 Estimate maximum stress at bottom of culvert
Maximum stress at bottom of box culvert may be determined:

Qmax =V.(1+6*M/(V.B’)/(B’.L)
In which:
- V = Total vertical load apllied to box culvert
- M = The moment due to horizontal force of surcharge load.
- B’ = The effective width of box culvert
B’ = B – 2M/V
- B = Width of box culvert
- L = Length of culvert
The result of maximum stress of each culvert showed on Table 6.6.

02.calculation Box Culvert - PKGA3-1

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Consulting Services for Detailed Design for

Danang - Quang Ngai Expressway Development Project Calculation Sheet

1.1 Main features of Box culverts in Package A3.......................................................................... 2

1.1.1 List of Box culverts in Package A3........................................................................... 2

1.1.1.1 Cross drainage Box culverts.......................................................................... 2

1.1.1.2 Underpass Culverts........................................................................................ 2

1.1.2 Typical plan............................................................................................................... 2

1.1.2.1 Cross drainage box culverts.......................................................................... 3

1.1.2.2 Underpass culverts......................................................................................... 4

1.2 Summary of Design method..................................................................................................... 4

1.2.1 Typical design............................................................................................................ 4

1.2.2.1 Design group for Cross Drainage Box Culvert............................................. 4

1.2.2.2 Design group for Underpass Culvert............................................................. 5

1.2.3 Structural calculation and reinforced arrangement................................................... 6

3.1 Limit states............................................................................................................................... 6

3.2 Load modifier factor ............................................................................................................. 6

3.3 Resistance Factor .................................................................................................................. 6

3.4 Load and Load Combinations:................................................................................................. 6

3.4.1.1 Dead Load...................................................................................................... 6

3.4.1.2 Live Load and Dynamic Load Allowance..................................................... 7

3.4.1.3 Water load and Stream pressure: WA............................................................ 8

3.4.1.4 Earth pressure: EH......................................................................................... 8

3.4.1.5 Surcharge load: LS......................................................................................... 9

3.4.2 Load combination:.................................................................................................... 9

3.5 Design principle for each Limit state....................................................................................... 10

3.5.1 Strength limit state.................................................................................................... 10

3.5.1.1 Design flowchart for Strength limit state....................................................... 10

3.5.1.2 Calculation formula for Flexural................................................................... 10

3.5.1.3 Design flowchart for shear............................................................................. 11

3.5.2 Service limit state...................................................................................................... 12

3.5.2.1 For RC component......................................................................................... 12

4.1 Concrete ............................................................................................................................ 14

4.2 Reinforcing Steel...................................................................................................................... 14

5 Coefficient of subgrade reaction of bearing................................................................................... 14

6 Design result ............................................................................................................................ 16

6.1 Summary of Design results...................................................................................................... 16

6.2 Bearing capacity....................................................................................................................... 16

6.2.1 Soil parameters:......................................................................................................... 17

6.2.2 Estimate bearing capacity formula............................................................................ 17

6.2.3 Estimate maximum stress at bottom of culvert......................................................... 19

6.3 Summary of Reinforced arrangement

1.1 Main features of Box culverts in Package A3

1.1.1 List of Box culverts in Package A3

3.1.1.1 Cross drainage Box culverts

Table 1.1: List of Cross Drainage Box culverts in Package A3

3.1.1.2 Underpass Culverts

Table 1.3: List of Underpass Culverts in Package A3 (Interchange)

1.1.2 Typical plan

3.1.1.3 Cross drainage box culverts

10.154 10.459 10.154

50 250 50 570 800 2 800 2 800 2 806 570 50 250 50

50 50 570 159 2894 159 570 50 50

800 2 800 2 800 2 806

So il bac kfi l l So il bac kfi l l

35 300 35 300 35 300 35

Figure 1.1: Typical plan of Cross drainage Box culverts

3.1.1.4 Underpass culverts

Figure 1.2: Typical

plan of Underpass Box culverts

1.2 Summary of Design method

1.2.1 Typical design

- For box culvert on softsoil section will be considered individual.

3.1.1.5 Design group for Cross Drainage Box Culvert