Continuous Beams

DESIGN OF ROOF BEAMS
Client : G.VIJAYA NAIDU Date: 30/12/2009

Project : RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Designed: MS
Title : Design of Roof Beam- RB1 ( Second Floor ) Checked: BRN
Consultant R.V.
: CONSTRUCTIONS & CONSULTANTS, TIRUPATHI
Approved
INPUT DATA:
Grade of Concrete,fck = 20 N/mm2
Minimum Yield stress of HYSD bar, fy = 415 N/mm2
Thickness of slab, ts = 125 mm
No. of spans = 3
Floor finishes = 1 KN/m2
Load due to partitions = 1.5 KN/m2
Total Live Load on slab, L.L. = 1.5 KN/m2
Assume breadth of Beam , b = 0.23 m
Assume depth of Web of Beam, ( Excluding slab ) dw = 0.3 m
The height of floor from top of floor slab = 3.5 m
Unit weight of concrete, = 25 KN/m3
Dead weight of slab = 3.125 KN/m2
Breadth of column, bc = 0.23 m
Depth of column, dc = 0.45 m
Thickness of wall = 0.115 m
Height of wall = 0.9 m
Unit weight of wall = 19 KN/m3
LOADS ON BEAM , KN/m
A S1 B C S2 D
Load on beam due to slab S1:

Load on slab, w = 7.13 KN/m2
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length of short span, lx = 4.13 m
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S1 = = 4.88 m
W1 = 11.208 KN/m
w1 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.13*(3-(4.13/4.88)^2)/6
Factored load on beam, W1 = 1.5 *11.208 = 16.812 KN/m

1
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S2 = = 6.1 m
W2 = 12.474 KN/m
w2 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.13*(3-(4.13/6.1)^2)/6
Load on beam due to wall:

Thickness
Height of of wall = 0.115 m
wall = 0.9 m
Load on beam due to wall, w7 = 1.97 KN/m
w7 = 0.115load
Factored * 0.9
on* beam
19 due to wall, W7 = 1.5 *
1.97 = 2.96 KN/m
Load on beam due to self weight of beam , W8 = 2.59 KN/m

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25
Load on Beam in span AB = 22.362 KN/m

= 16.812+2.96+2.59
Load on beam in span BC = 23.3115 KN/m

= (16.812+18.711)/2+2.96+2.59
Load on beam in span CD = 24.261 KN/m

= 18.711 + 2.96 + 2.59
Reaction from RB9 = 73.023 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
73.023 46.95
22.362 KN/m 23.3115 KN/m 24.261 KN/m
A B 1.14 1.86 C D E
3.68 3 3.22 1.07
D.F. 1 0.449 0.551 0.518 0.482 1 0
F.E.M. -25.236 25.236 -49.483 37.096 -20.962 20.962 -64.125

21.5815 43.163
-25.236 25.236 -49.483 37.096 0.6195 64.125
2
Balance 10.887 13.36 -19.537 -18.179
C.O. 5.444 -9.769 6.68
Balance 4.386 5.383 -3.46 -3.22
C.O. 2.193 -1.73 2.692
Balance 0.777 0.953 -1.394 -1.298
Finl
Momnts, -17.599 41.286 -41.286 22.077 -22.0775 64.125 -64.125
KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C D E
Due to
external
loads 41.146 41.146 80.242 62.716 39.06 39.06 72.91 46.95
Due to
support
moments -6.437 6.436685 6.403 -6.403 -13.058 13.058
Total 34.709 47.58268 86.645 56.313 26.002 52.118 72.91 46.95

Total, KN 34.709 134.228 82.315 125.028 46.95
SPAN MOMENTS
Span
AB = 34.709*3.68/2+-17.599-22.362*3.68^2/8 = 8.411 KN-m
BC = 86.645*1.14+-41.286-23.3115*1.14^2/2 = 42.341 KN-m
CD = 26.002*3.22/2+-22.0775-24.261*3.22^2/8 = -11.658 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
22.362 KN/m 23.3115 KN/m 24.261 KN/m
-17.599 41.286 -41.286 22.077 -22.0775 64.125 KN-m
A B C D
3.68 3 3.22 1.07
34.709 47.58268 86.645 56.313 26.002 125.028 KN
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Span, m 0 0 1.84 3.68 5.18 6.68 8.29 9.9
60
3
40 42.341
60 KN-m
B.M. 0 -17.599 8.411 -41.286 42.341 -22.0775 -11.658 -64.125
40 42.341
20
8.411
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 -11.658 10 12 14
-20 -17.599 -22.0775
-40 -41.286
-60
-64.125
Row 127 B.M. KN-m
-80
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Span,m
100 0 0 3.68 3.68 4.82 4.82 6.68 6.68
86.645
S. F.80, KN 0 34.709 -47.583 86.645 60.07 -12.953 -56.312 26.003
72.911
60 60.07
46.952
40
34.709
26.003
20
0 0 0
0 2 4 -12.9536 8 10 12
-20
-40
-47.583
-52.117
-60 -56.312
Row 146 S. F. , KN
-80
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

Provide Width of beam , wb = 230 mm
Maximum Bending Moment = 64.125 KN-m
Depth of beam required , db = 317.83 mm
db= SQRT((64.125*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
Provide overall depth of Beam, Db = 425 mm
Clear cover to beam = 25 mm
4
Dia of the main reinforcement = 16 mm
Effective depth of Beam, db = 392 mm
Minimum reinforcement , Pt min = 184.67 mm2
Pt min= (0.85/fy)*bd
=((0.85/415)*(230*392)
Mu , Ast Reinforcemnt
Location Mu/bd2 pt
KN-m mm2 Dia. No. Area
Bottom Reinforcement ( for sagging moment ) mm mm2
Span AB 8.411 0.24 0.067 184.67 16 2

402
Span BC 42.341 1.2 0.359 323.6744 16 2

402
Span CD -11.658 -0.33 -0.09 184.67 16 2

402
Top reinforcement (for hogging moment )

A 17.599 0.5 0.143 184.67 16 2
515
12 1
B 41.286 1.17 0.35 315.56 16 2
402
C 22.077 0.62 0.178 184.67 16 2

402
D 64.125 1.81 0.569 513.0104 16 2

515
12 1
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

Maximum Shear, Vu = 134.228 KN
Nominal shear stress ( tv ) = 1.49 N/mm2
= 134.228*10^3/(230*392)
Max. allowable shear stress in the concrete with
shear reinforcement, τcmax = 0.62 √ (fck) = 2.77 N/mm2
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE
Minimum shear reinforcement: Asv min = 0.4* b*sv/0.87fy

Assume dia. Of 2 legged verticle stirrups = 8 mm
Area of 2 legged vertical stirrups , Asv = 100.53 N/mm2
Spacing of minimum shear reinforcement, svmin = 394.53 mm
sv, min = 0.87fy*Asv/0.4*b
Provide spacing of min. shear reinforcement = 200 mm
As per clause 26.5.1.5 maximum spacing of shear reinforcement shall not exceed
1. 0.75 d for vertical stirrups and d for inclined stirrups = 294 mm
5
2. 300 mm = 300 mm
3. Spacing from min shear reinforcement = 200 mm
Shear force resisited by minimum shear =

reinforcement, Vus, min 41.52 KN
Hence, if Vus <41.52 KN provide minimum shear reinforcement i.e., 8 mm dia. Two legged
vertical stirrups at 200 mm c/c spacing
Vu 100As/ τc τcbd Vus Vus/d , Stirrups 2 leeged

Location
KN bd N/mm2 KN KN KN/Cm Dia. Spacing
A 34.709 0.57 0.504 45.44 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
B 134.228 0.45 0.459 41.38 92.848 2.37 8 150
C 82.315 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
D 125.028 0.57 0.504 45.44 79.588 2.03 8 150
Check for Deflection:
Span AB BC CD
Basic span / effective depth ratio = 26 26 26
Effective span, m = 3.68 3 3.22
Area of steel required, Ast req = 185 324 185
Area of steel provided, Ast, prov = 402 402 402
Percentage of steel provided, pt = 0.45 0.45 0.45
Service stress in steel, fs = 110.77 194 110.77
Modification factor = 2 1.58 2
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 41.08 52
Actual span/effective depth ratio = 9.39 7.65 8.21
RESULT SAFE SAFE SAFE
6
7
8
9
Total loads from slab = 3 KN/m2
Load on beam due to slab on L/S = 3.12 KN/m
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*3*(3-(3/3.125)^2)/6
Load on beam due to slab on R/S = 1.45 KN/m
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6
Total load on beam due to slab = 4.57 KN/m
Self weight of beam = 0.23*0.3*25 = 1.73 KN/m
Load on beam due to wall = 1.97 KN/m
Total load on beam = 4.57+1.725+1.9665 = 8.26 KN/m
Total Factored Load on beam, Wu = 1.5*8.2615 = 12.39 KN/m
THE BEAM IS A T- BEAM

Distance between points of zero moments , lo = 2.1875 m
10
As per Note under clause 23.1.2 of IS-456-2000 for continuous beams and frames lo may be
assumed as 0.7 times the effective span = 0.7*3.125
Effective width of flange for T- beams , bf = lo/6 +bw + 6 Df
Clear distance to adjacent beam on left side = 1.29 m

Clear distance to adjacent beam on right side = 4m
Depth of Flange, Df = 0.125 m
Breadth of web, bw = 0.23 m
Overall depth, D = 0.425 m
Effective width of Flange , bf 1.34 < 2.875
As per clause 23.1.2 of IS-456-2000 effective width of flange should not be greater than breadth
of web plus half the sum of the clear distances to the adjacent beams on either side.
bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29
Coefficent of M.I of Flanged beam, kt = 2.3

From Chart 88 of SP-16
Moment of Inertia of T-beam, Ib = 0.0034 m4
= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
Stiffness of beam, =( 4 I/l )b = 4*0.0034/3.125 = 0.0044 m3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3
Effective length of column , lc = 3.5-0.425/2 = 3.2875 m

COLUMN- FOOTING CONNECTION IS ASSUMED TO BE FIXED
Stiffness of column = (4 I/l)c = 4*0.0017/3.2875 = 0.0021 m3
Distribution Factor of beam , Dfbeam = 0.677

D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)
Distribution Factor of column, D.F.column = 0.323

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)
Fixed End moments = 12.39*3.125^2/12 = 10.08 KN-m

Free shears = 12.39*3.125/2 = 19.36 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
12.39 KN/m
B C
11
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -10.08 10.08
Balance 3.25584 6.82416 -6.82416 -3.25584
C.0 1.62792 -3.41208 3.41208 -1.62792
Balance 1.102102 2.309978 -2.309978 -1.1021
C.O. 0.551051 -1.15499 1.154989 -0.551051
Balance 0.373061 0.781928 -0.781928 -0.37306
C.O. 0.186531 -0.39096 0.390964 -0.186531
Balance 0.126281 0.264682 -0.264682 -0.12628
Final
Moments 2.365502 4.86 -4.86 4.86 -4.85728 -2.365502
End Shears: 19.3594 19.35938
Maximum positive moment at centre of beam = 10.26 KN-m

Mu = 12.39*3.125^2/8-4.86
1 Section at centre:
The beam acts as T- Beam
Assume diametre of bar = 20 mm
Clear cover to reinforcement = 30 mm
No. of layers of reinforcement = 2
Effective depth, d = 365 mm
Ratio of Depth of Flange to effective depth, Df/d = 0.342
Limiting value of depth of neutral axis, xumax = 175 mm

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365
Rectangular portion of stress block, Df or yf = 107.5 mm

If Df/d < 0.2 = Df and if Df/d > 0.2 = yf = 0.15xumax + 0.65Df
12
Limiting moment of resistance of T-beam,MulimT = 415.76 KN-m
0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
If Df/d <= 0.2 ,Mulim = 0.36*fck* bw* xumax*(d-0.42xumax)+ (bf-bw)* Df * 0.446* fck *( d-Df/2)
If Df/d > 0.2 ,MulimT= 0.36*fck* bw*xumax*(d-0.42xumax)+ (bf-bw)* yf * 0.446* fck *(d-yf/2)
Mu<Mulim,T
Area of Steel required , Astreq = 78.15 mm2
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*10.26*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415
Select dia of bar, = 20 mm
No.of bars required = 0.25 no.s

Provide 2 20
2 25
Area of steel provided, Astprov = 1610 mm2
Some of the bars may be curtailed after veryfying the rules for curtailement. Some bars can be
bent up also.
2 Section at support:
Negative moment at support = 4.86 KN-m
Mu/bd2 = 4.86*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.16
Percentage of steel,pt = 0.04

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]
Area of steel required, Astreq = 34 mm2
20% of steel shall be carried in the span = 6.8 mm2
Minimum reinforcement , Pt min = 172 mm2

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Provide T 20 2 No.s ( straight)
T 25 2 No.s( extra )
Area of steel provided , Ast = 1610 mm2
Hence, O.K.
Check for bearing stress at bends:( Clause 26.2.2.5 of IS-456-2000):

IS-2502-1963 ( for bending and fixing of bars for concrete reinforcement )
13
450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230
C/c between the bars or groups of bars =
perpendicular to plane of bend,a 170 mm
( Spacing b/n bars at top of support )
Minimum internal bend radius, rmin = 306 mm

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
Refer Clause 4.5.2.1 of SP-34-1987
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170
Provide radius of bed , r = 200 mm
Development length, Ld = 47*25*34/1610 = 25 mm

Ld = 47φ* Ast req/Ast prov
Anchorage at centre of bend = 250+314/2 = 407 mm
Stress in bar at the face of column,σs = =

(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2
The stress in the bar varies linearly and diminishes to zero at required anchorage
Stress at the centre of bend = -5516.84 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Tensile force due to design loads in the bar, Fbt = -2708073 N
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4
Actual bearing stress, σ = -2708072.5/(200*25) = -541.61 N/mm2

σ = Fbt/( rφ )
Design bearing strength = 1.5 fck/( 1+2φ/a) = 23.18 N/mm2

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
Provide 200 mm internal radius of bend
Distance of point of contraflexure:
Distance of point of contraflexure from left end,m = 0.28 and 2.85
14
As per clause 26.2.3.1 of IS-456-2000 , the reinforcement shall extend beyond the point at which
it is no longer required to resist flexure for a distance equal to the the effective depth, 'd', or 12φ
whichever is greater except at simple support or end of cantilever.In addition clause 26.2.3.2 to
26.2.3.5.
The reinforcement shall extend beyond the point of contraflexure for a distance of 12φ or deff
whichever is greater
The negative moment reinforcement shall extend in a =

span for a distance from the centre of column 645 mm
=280 +12*25 or 365 whichever is greater
645 SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN Development Length, Ld =25mm
From the face of the column, extend the bars for a distance of =645-450/2 = 420mm
say 1600 mm
Provide 2- T-25 extra up to1600mm from face of column
Development Length: ( As per clause 26.2.3.3( c ) of IS-456-2000)
Development length for negative moment = Checked while providing

reinforcement : reinforcements
Development length for positive moment

reinforcements: at point of contraflexure
Shear force at point of contraflexue , Vu = 15.89018 KN

= 19.359375- 0.28*12.39
Area of steel provided, Ast = 1610 mm2
Moment of resistance of section assuming all

=
reinforcemnts at the section to be stressed fd =
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6
Sum of the anchorage beyod the centre of support

and and the anchorage value of any hook or =
mechanical anchorage at simple support; and at a
point of inflection, Lo 365 mm
At point of inflection Lo should not be greater than

effective depth 'd' or 12φ whichever is greater
1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
15
1.3*175.84*10^6/(15.890175*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 14750.74 = 47*φ
Maximum allowable diametre = 314 mm
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
As the ends of the reinforcement are confined by compressive reaction,shear at a
distance 'd' will be considered for calculation at support.
Shear force at effective depth 'd' from face support, =

Vu 12.05 KN
Vu=19.359375-(0.45/2+0.365)*12.39
Area of steel at support , As = 1610 mm2
Percentage of steel, Pt = 100As/bd = 1.918
β = 0.8fck/6.89pt but not less than 1 = 1.21
Permissible shear stress in the concrete, τc = 0.78 N/mm2

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β
Shear resisted by concrete, Vuc = τc*bd = 65.481 KN

= 12.05*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

1. 0.75 d for vertical stirrups and d for inclined stirrups = 273.75 mm
2. 300 mm = 300 mm
16

Vus min = 0.87*fy*Asv*d/sv
Shear resistance of section with minimum shear = 109.641 KN

reinforcement = Vuc + Vus min
This occurs at distance from face of support = -7.51 m

x =(19.359375-109.641)/(12.39)-0.45/2
Designed shear reinforcement is required up to -7.51m face of support
Shear force at critical section i.e, at 'd' from face of =

support , Vu 12.05 KN
Shear to be resisted by stirrups, Vus = Vu-Vuc = -53.431 KN

Vus = Vu-Vuc = 12.05-65.481
Spacing of shear reinforcement, svmin = -248 mm

sv, = 0.87fy*Asv*d/Vus
Hence, provide 8mm dia. 2 legged vertical stirrups at 175 mm c/c spacing up
to-7.51 m from either face of supports i.e -42no.s and then provide 8mm dia. At
300 mm c/c
5 Check for Deflection:

Basic span/effective depth ratio l/d = 26
As per clause 23.2.1 of IS-456-2000
Effective span , l = 3.125 mm
Area of steel required , Ast req = 78.15 mm2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 1610 mm2
Percentage of steel provided, pt = 100 Ast/bfd = 0.329

pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)
17
Service stress in steel , fs = 11.68 N/mm2
fs = 0.58*fy*Ast req/Ast prov = 0.58*415*78.15/1610
Modification factor, mft = -25.55

mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)
Ratio of width of web to width of Flange, bw/bf = 0.17
Reduction factor for Flanged beams, mrf = 0.8

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3
Permissible span to effective depth ratio = -531.44

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-25.55*0.8
Actual span to effective depth ratio = 3125/365 = 8.56 > -531.44

INCREASE THE DEPTH OF BEAM OR CALCULATE THE DEFLECTION
CALCULATION OF DEFLECTION:
Data:
Breadth of compression face (b) = 1340 mm
Depth of Flange , Df = 125 mm
Overall Depth (D) = 425 mm
Effective depth (d) = 365 mm
Charecteristic strength of concrete ( fck ) = 20 N/mm2
Yield strength of steel (fy ) = 415 N/mm2
Breadth of web ( bw ) = 230 mm
Support Moment ( M1 ) = 4.86 kN-m
Fixed end moments ( MF1 ) = 10.08 kN-m
Span Moment ( Mo ) = 10.26 kN-m
Distance from centroidal axis of gross section,

neglecting the reinforcement to the extreme fibre in = 301 mm
tension , yt
Percentage of tensile steel ( pt ) = 0.33
Percentage of compression steel ( pc ) = 0.33
Ultimate shrinkage strain of concrete ( ecs ) = 0.0003
Effective span (l) = 3.125 m
Short term static modulus of elasticity, Ec = 22360.68 N/mm2
Ec = 5000√fck
Modulus of Elasticity of steel, Es = 200000 N/mm2
Deflection due to service loads ( dsu ) = 0.05 mm
dsu = wl4/384EI
18
Shortterm deflection ( cracked section ):
Modulus of rupture of concrete (fcr) = 3.13 N/mm2
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)
M.I. gross section ( Igr ) = 2.94E+09 mm4

Igr = bf*Df^3/12 + bfDf(yt-df/2)^2 + bw(D-Df0^3/12+ bw(D-Df)*((yt-D-Df)/2)^2
Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Cracking moment ( Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = 30.60 kN-m
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6
Depth of neutral axis (Xu = 0.48*d) = 175 mm
Depth of centre of compressive force from the

extreme fibre in compression
( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm
Modular ratio ( m =ES/EC) =200000/22360.68) = 8.94
Transformed area of steel ( m*Ast ) = 14393 mm2

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610
M.I.of cracked section , Ir = 9.34E+08 mm4

Ir = Xu*bw*(Xu-L)2 + m*Ast*(d-Xu )2
Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
For simply supported members:
Effective moment of inertia = -2.34E+10 mm4
Ieff = Ir/ ( 1.2- (Mr/M*(L-d)/d*(1-Xu/d)*bw/b))
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/10.26)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-23425551087 = -0.13
Shortterm deflection( cracked section )dsc = -0.01 mm

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
For continuous members:
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.70 ( From Table 25 of IS-456-2000) 0.08 k2 = 0.7
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10
Modified value of Mr , Xe = k1*( M1+M2)/2 +(1-k1)*Mo = 10.80 kN-m
Effective moment of inertia ( I eff ) = 1.23E+09 mm4

Ieff = Ir/ ( 1.2- (Xe/M*(L-d)/d*(1-Xu/d)*bw/b))
Igr/Ieff 2.40
19
Shortterm deflection( cracked section )dsc = 0.11 mm
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Deflection due to shrinkage:
Type of support condition 2
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
Simply supported - 2 ( k3 = 0.125 )
Continuous at one end -3 ( k3 = 0.086 )
Fully ccontinuous -4 ( k3 = 0.063 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
k4 = 0.72*(pt-pc)/sqrt(pt) for 0.25< pt-pc >1.0
k4 = 0.65*(pt-pc)/sqrt(pt) for pt-pc > 1.0
Shrinkage curvature value ( C cs = k4* ecs/ D) = 0
Deflection due to shrinkage ( acs = k3*C cs*l2 ) = 0.00 mm
Deflection due to Creep:
Modulus of elasticity of concrete ( Ec = 5700*sqrt(= f 25491.17 N/mm2

Creep coefficient ( q ) ( Clause 6.2.5.1 of IS-456-2000) = 1.6
Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2
Initial plus creep deflection due to permanent loads

obtained using an elastic analysis with an effective
modulus of elasticity aioc(perm) = 0.26 mm
Short term deflection due to permanent load using

Ec, ai(perm) = 0.15 mm
Creep deflection due to perm. loads , acc ( perm) = aioc(perm) - = 0.11 mm
Total deflection d = d sc +acs +acc = 0.22 mm
Allowable deflection as per clause 23.2(a) of IS-456-

2000 should not exceed l/250 = 12.5 mm
HENCE, SAFE IN DEFLECTION
5 Check for spacing: As per clause 26.3 of IS-456-2000
Maximum distance between bars in tension = 180 mm
( As per table 15 of IS-456-2000 )
( i ) Clear distanace between bars at support = 120 mm
( ii ) Clear distanace between bars at centre = 130 mm

=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
Minimum distance between individual bars shall not be less than
1 Dia of bar if dia. Are equal = 20 mm
20
2 Dia of larger bar if they are unequal = 25 mm
3 5mm more than nomimal max. size of = 25 mm
aggregate( using 20mm aggregate)
Minimum spacing between bars = 25 mm
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -7510 15020 -7510 450
2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra 2 T- 20
A 125 B
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
SECTION -A -A SECTION -B -B
21
22
11.82
23
0
9.9 9.9 10.97 10.97
-52.117 72.911 46.952 0
24
25
β
4.07
5.16
5.16
4.07
26
m
27
28
29
30
31
32
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 3
A S1 B C S2 D
S3 S4

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S1 = = 4.88 m
W1 = 11.208 KN/m
w1 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.13*(3-(4.13/4.88)^2)/6

33
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S2 = = 6.1 m
W2 = 12.474 KN/m
w2 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.13*(3-(4.13/6.1)^2)/6

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S3 = = 4.88 m
W3 = 9.281 KN/m
w3 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.97*(3-(2.97/4.88)^2)/6

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S4 = = 6.10 m
W4 = 9.751 KN/m
w4 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.97*(3-(2.97/6.1)^2)/6

Thickness
wall = 0m
Load on beam due to wall, w7 = 0 KN/m
w7 = 0.115 * 0 * 19
Factored load on beam due to wall, W7 = 1.5 * 0 = 0 KN/m

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= 16.812+13.9215+0+2.59

= (16.812+18.711)/2+(13.9215+14.6265)/2+0+2.59
34
= 18.711 + 14.6265 + 0 + 2.59
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
88.978 49.653
33.3235 KN/m 34.6255 KN/m 35.9275 KN/m
A B 1.14 1.86 C D E
3.68 3 3.22 1.07
D.F. 1 0.449 0.551 0.518 0.482 1 0
F.E.M. -37.607 37.607 -64.961 49.867 -31.043 31.043 -73.695

21.326 42.652
-37.607 37.607 -64.961 49.867 -9.717 73.695
Balance 12.282 15.072 -20.798 -19.352
C.O. 6.141 -10.399 7.536
Balance 4.669 5.73 -3.904 -3.632
C.O. 2.335 -1.952 2.865
Balance 0.876 1.076 -1.484 -1.381
Finl
Momnts, -29.131 55.434 -55.434 34.082 -34.082 73.695 -73.695
KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C D E
Due to
external
loads 61.315 61.315 107.105 85.75 57.843 57.843 88.1 49.653
Due to
support
moments -7.148 7.147554 7.117 -7.117 -12.302 12.302
Total 54.167 68.46255 114.222 78.633 45.541 70.145 88.1 49.653

Total, KN 54.167 182.685 124.174 158.245 49.653
35
SPAN MOMENTS
Span
AB = 54.167*3.68/2+-29.131-33.3235*3.68^2/8 = 14.126 KN-m
BC = 114.222*1.14+-55.434-34.6255*1.14^2/2 = 52.279 KN-m
CD = 45.541*3.22/2+-34.082-35.9275*3.22^2/8 = -7.325 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
33.3235 KN/m 34.6255 KN/m 35.9275 KN/m
-29.131 55.434 -55.434 34.082 -34.082 73.695 KN-m
A B C D
3.68 3 3.22 1.07
54.167 68.46255 114.222 78.633 45.541 158.245 KN
Span, m 0 0 1.84 3.68 5.18 6.68 8.29 9.9
60 KN-m
B.M. 0 -29.131 14.126 -55.434 52.279 -34.082 -7.325 -73.695
40 40.105
27.835
20
0 0 0
0 2 4 -8.575
6 8 10 12 14
-20
-26.374
-40 -43.194
-54.623
-60
-80 -78.493
Span, m B.M. KN-m

-100
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Span,m
150 0 0 3.68 3.68 4.82 4.82 6.68 6.68
S. F. , KN 0 54.167 -68.463 114.222 74.749 -14.229 -78.632 45.542

114.222
100
88.1
74.749
50 54.167 49.658
45.542
36
114.222
100
88.1
74.749
50 54.167 49.658
45.542
0 0 0
0 2 4 -14.2296 8 10 12
-50
-68.463 -70.145
-78.632
Row 165 S. F. , KN
-100
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((78.493*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*392)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span AB 14.126 0.4 0.114 184.67 16 2

402
Span BC 52.279 1.48 0.453 408.4248 16 2

402
Span CD -7.325 -0.21 -0.058 184.67 16 2

402

A 29.131 0.82 0.239 215.4824 16 2
515
12 1
B 55.434 1.57 0.484 436.3744 16 2
402
C 34.082 0.96 0.283 255.1528 16 2

402
D 73.695 2.09 0.673 606.7768 16 2

628
37
628
12 2
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 182.685*10^3/(230*392)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm 2
KN KN KN/Cm Dia. Spacing
A 54.167 0.57 0.504 45.44 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
B 182.685 0.45 0.459 41.38 141.305 3.6 8 100
C 124.174 0.45 0.459 41.38 82.794 2.11 8 100
D 158.245 0.7 0.545 49.14 109.105 2.78 8 100
Span AB BC CD
38
Effective span, m = 3.68 3 3.22
Service stress in steel, fs = 110.77 244.29 110.77
Modification factor = 2 1.26 2
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 32.76 52
39
40
41
42
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*3*(3-(3/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
43
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 12.39*3.125/2 = 19.36 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
12.39 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -10.08 10.08
Balance 3.25584 6.82416 -6.82416 -3.25584
C.0 1.62792 -3.41208 3.41208 -1.62792
Balance 1.102102 2.309978 -2.309978 -1.1021
C.O. 0.551051 -1.15499 1.154989 -0.551051
Balance 0.373061 0.781928 -0.781928 -0.37306
C.O. 0.186531 -0.39096 0.390964 -0.186531
Balance 0.126281 0.264682 -0.264682 -0.12628
Final
Moments 2.365502 4.86 -4.86 4.86 -4.85728 -2.365502
End Shears: 19.3594 19.35938
44
Mu = 12.39*3.125^2/8-4.86

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*10.26*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
45
Mu/bd2 = 4.86*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.16

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170

46
(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

say 1600 mm


47
= 19.359375- 0.28*12.39

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(15.890175*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 14750.74 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 12.05 KN
Vu=19.359375-(0.45/2+0.365)*12.39

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β
48
= 12.05*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(19.359375-109.641)/(12.39)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 12.05-65.481
49
300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-25.55*0.8

Data:
50

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

51
Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/10.26)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-23425551087 = -0.13

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
Shrinkage curvature value ( Ccs = k4* ecs/ D) = 0
Deflection due to shrinkage ( acs = k3*C cs*l2 ) = 0.00 mm

Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2

52


=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c 53 c/c
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -7510 15020 -7510 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
54
11.82
9.9 9.9 10.97 10.97
-70.145 88.1 49.658 0
55
β
4.07
5.16
5.16
3.32
56
m
57
58
59
Title : Design of Roof Beam- RB3 Second Floor ) Checked: BRN
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 2
A S3 B S4 C
S5 S6

Load on slab,S5, w1 = 7.13 KN/m2
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length of long span, ly = 4.877 m
Load on beam from slab S3 = W1 = 9.284 KN/m
w1 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.972*(3-(2.972/4.877)^2)/6

60
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
w2 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.724*(3-(4.724/4.877)^2)/6

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
w3 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.972*(3-(2.972/6.1)^2)/6

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
w4 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.724*(3-(4.724/6.1)^2)/6

Height of wall = 0m
w7 = 0.115 * 0 * 19

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= 13.926 + 17.361 + 0+2.59
Load on beam in span BCD = 37.4365 KN/m

= 14.6355+20.211+0+2.59
Point load on span BC from RB9 = 119.032 KN
61
Point load from RB11 at D = 100.163 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
119.032 100.163
33.877 37.437 KN/m
A B C D
0.8 5.03 1.1
4.08 5.83
Fixed End Moments:
Fixed end moment at AB = -46.994 KN-m
Fixed end moment at BA: = 46.994 KN-m
Fixed end moment at BC:

Due to U.D.L = -106.037 KN-m
Due to point load 1 = -11.274 KN-m
Total fixed end moment at BC = -117.311 KN-m
Fixed end moment at CB:

Due to U.D.L = 106.037 KN-m
Due to point load 1 = 11.274 KN-m
Total fixed end moment at CB = 117.311 KN-m
Fixed end moment at CD = 132.829 KN-m

A B C
D.F. 1 0.588 0.412 1
F.E.M. -46.994 46.994 -117.311 117.311 -132.829

7.759 15.518
FEM -46.994 46.994 -109.552 132.829 -132.829
Balance 36.784 25.774
C.O. 18.392
Finl
Momnts, -28.602 83.778 -83.778 132.829 -132.829
KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C D
62
Due to
external
loads 69.109 69.109 211.827 125.463 141.3437 100.163
Due to
support
moments -13.524 13.52353 -8.414 8.414
Total 55.585 82.63253 203.413 133.877 141.3437

Total, KN 55.585 286.046 275.221 100.163
SPAN MOMENTS
Span
AB = 55.585*4.08/2+-28.602-33.877*4.08^2/8 = 14.3 KN-m
UNDER
point load1 = 203.413*0.8+-83.778-37.437*0.8^2/2 = 66.973 KN-m
SPAN BC = 203.413*5.83/2 -119.032*2.115-37.437*5.83^2/8 +-83.778 =98.362909 KN-m

LOADING DIAGRAM
33.877 KN/m 37.4365 KN/m
-28.602 83.778 -83.778 132.829 -132.829
A B C
4.08 0
55.585 82.63253 203.413 133.877
Span, m 0 0 2.04 4.08 4.88 6.995 9.91 9.91
150
B.M. KN-m 0 -28.602 14.3 -83.778 66.973 98.363 -132.829 0
100 98.363
66.973
50
14.3
0 0 0
0 -28.602 2 4 6 8 10 12
-50
-83.778
-100
Row 153 B.M. KN-m -132.829

-150
63
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
250
Span,m 0 0 4.08 4.08 4.88 4.88 9.91 9.91
200 203.413
S. F. , KN 0 55.585 173.463
-82.633 203.413 173.463 54.431 -133.877 141.344
150 141.344
100 100.163
50 55.585 54.431
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-50
-82.633
-100
-133.877
-150
Row 172 S. F. , KN
-200
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

Depth of beam required , db = 465 mm
db= SQRT((137.259*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*467)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span AB 14.3 0.29 0.082 220 16 2

402
point1 66.973 1.34 0.405 435.0105 16 2 402
BC 98.36291 1.96 0.624 670.2384 16 2 804

16 2
64
A 28.602 0.57 0.163 220 16 2
402
B 83.778 1.67 0.519 557.4579 16 2

603
16 1
C 132.829 2.65 0.904 970.9864 16 2
1030
20 2
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

Nominal shear stress ( tv ) = 3 N/mm2
= 322.411*10^3/(230*467)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
UN-SAFE , REVISE DEPTH OF BEAM

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A 55.585 0.37 0.423 45.43 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
B 286.046 0.56 0.5 53.71 232.336 4.98 10 100
C 275.221 0.96 0.613 65.84 209.381 4.48 8 150
65
Span AB BC
Basic span / effective depth ratio = 26 26
Effective span, m = 4.08 5.83
Area of steel required, Ast req = 220 435
Area of steel provided, Ast, prov = 402 402
Percentage of steel provided, pt = 0.37 0.37
Service stress in steel, fs = 131.73 260.46
Modification factor = 2 1.26
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 32.76
Actual span/effective depth ratio = 8.74 12.48
RESULT SAFE SAFE
66
67
68
69
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*2*(3-(2/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

70
= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 11.6*3.125/2 = 18.13 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
11.60 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -9.44 9.44
Balance 3.04912 6.39088 -6.39088 -3.04912
C.0 1.52456 -3.19544 3.19544 -1.52456
Balance 1.032127 2.163313 -2.163313 -1.03213
C.O. 0.516064 -1.08166 1.081656 -0.516064
Balance 0.349375 0.732281 -0.732281 -0.34938
C.O. 0.174688 -0.36614 0.366141 -0.174688
Balance 0.118263 0.247877 -0.247877 -0.11826
71
Final
Moments 2.215311 4.55 -4.55 4.55 -4.54889 -2.215311
End Shears: 18.125 18.125

Mu = 11.6*3.125^2/8-4.55

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365

Limiting moment of resistance of T-beam,MulimT =415.76 KN-m

0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*9.61*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
72
Mu/bd2 = 4.55*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.15

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170
73


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

say 1600 mm
74


= 18.125- 0.28*11.6

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(14.877*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 15730.46 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 11.28 KN
Vu=18.125-(0.45/2+0.365)*11.6
75
τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 11.28*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(18.125-109.641)/(11.6)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 11.28-65.481
76

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-24.08*0.8

Data:
77

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm
78
( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/9.61)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-7549914300 = -0.39

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
Deflection due to shrinkage ( acs = k3*C cs*l )
2
= 0.00 mm

79
Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2




=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450
80
2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -8110 16220 -8110 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
81
82
83
84
85
11.01 11.01
100.163 0
86
β
6.28
4.15
2.42
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
m
96
97
98
99
100
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 2
A S5 S6
S7 B S8 S9

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S5 = = 4.88 m
W1 = 11.58 KN/m
w1 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.72*(3-(4.72/4.88)^2)/6

101
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
w2 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.61*(3-(2.61/4.08)^2)/6

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
w3 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*4.72*(3-(4.72/6.1)^2)/6

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
w4 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.61*(3-(2.61/3.58)^2)/6

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
w5 = w lx/3=7.13*3.32/3

Height of wall = 0m
w7 = 0.115 * 0 * 19
102
W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= 17.37 + 12.0525 + 0+2.59
Load on beam in span BCD = 34.45375 KN/m

= 20.2035+12.0525+0+2.59
Point load at D from RB11 = 11.436 KN

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
93.029 83.76 11.436 KN
32.013 34.45375 KN/m
A B C D
0.8 2.45 1.1
4.08 5.83
Fixed End Moments:
Fixed end moment at AB = -44.408 KN-m
Fixed end moment at BA: = 44.408 KN-m
Fixed end moment at BC:

Due to U.D.L = -97.587 KN-m
Total fixed end moment at BC = -202.985 KN-m
Fixed end moment at CB:

Due to U.D.L = 97.587 KN-m
Total fixed end moment at CB = 175.374 KN-m
Fixed end moment at CD = 33.424 KN-m

A B C D
D.F. 1 0.588 0.412 1
F.E.M. -44.408 44.408 -202.985 175.374 -33.424
103
-70.975 -141.95
FEM -44.408 44.408 -273.96 33.424 -33.424
Balance 134.977 94.575
C.O. 67.489
Finl
Momnts, 23.081 179.385 -179.385 33.424 -33.424
KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C D
Due to
external
loads 65.307 65.307 215.895 161.759 49.33513 11.436
Due to
support
moments -38.31 38.3098 25.036 -25.036
Total 26.997 103.6168 240.931 136.723 49.33513 11.436

Total, KN 26.997 344.548 186.058 11.436
SPAN MOMENTS
Span
AB = 26.997*4.08/2+23.081-32.013*4.08^2/8 = 11.542 KN-m
UNDER
point load1 = 240.931*0.8+-179.385-34.45375*0.8^2/2 = 2.335 KN-m
under
point load2 = 240.931*3.38-179.385-93.029*2.58-34.45375*3.38^2/2 = 198.14 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
32.013 KN/m 34.45375 KN/m
23.081 179.385 -179.385 33.424 -33.424
A B C
4.08 0
26.997 103.6168 240.931 136.723
Span, m 0 0 2.04 4.08 4.88 7.46 9.91 11.01
250
B.M. KN-m 0 23.081 11.542 -179.385 2.335 198.14 -33.424 0
200 198.14
150
100
50
23.081 11.542
0 0 2.335 0
0 2 4 104
6 8 10
-33.424 12
-50
200 198.14
150
100
50
23.081 11.542
0 0 2.335 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
-33.424 12
-50
-100
-150
Row 165
-179.385 B.M. KN-m
-200
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Span,m 0 0 4.08 4.08 4.88 4.88 7.46 7.46

300
250, KN
S. F. 0 26.997 240.932
-103.616 240.932 213.369 120.34 31.449 -52.311
213.369
200
150
120.34
100
50 49.335
26.997 31.449
11.436
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-50 -52.311
-100 -103.616
-136.723
-150
Row 184 S. F. , KN
-200
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((198.14*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*542)
105
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span AB 11.542 0.17 0.048 255.33 16 2

402
point1 2.335 0.03 0.008 255.33 16 2 402
point2 198.14 2.93 1.034 1288.984 16 2 1345

20 3
A 23.081 0.34 0.096 255.33 16 2
402
B 179.385 2.65 0.904 1126.926 16 2

402
C 33.424 0.49 0.14 255.33 16 2

402
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 347.8*10^3/(230*542)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
UN-SAFE , REVISE DEPTH OF BEAM

2. 300 mm = 300 mm

106

Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A 26.997 0.32 0.399 49.74 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
B 344.548 0.32 0.399 49.74 294.808 5.44 10 100
C 186.058 0.32 0.399 49.74 136.318 2.52 8 150
Span AB BC
Modification factor = 2 2
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 52
RESULT SAFE SAFE
107
108
109
110
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*2*(3-(2/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


111
bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 11.6*3.125/2 = 18.13 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
11.60 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
112
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -9.44 9.44
Balance 3.04912 6.39088 -6.39088 -3.04912
C.0 1.52456 -3.19544 3.19544 -1.52456
Balance 1.032127 2.163313 -2.163313 -1.03213
C.O. 0.516064 -1.08166 1.081656 -0.516064
Balance 0.349375 0.732281 -0.732281 -0.34938
C.O. 0.174688 -0.36614 0.366141 -0.174688
Balance 0.118263 0.247877 -0.247877 -0.11826
Final
Moments 2.215311 4.55 -4.55 4.55 -4.54889 -2.215311
End Shears: 18.125 18.125

Mu = 11.6*3.125^2/8-4.55

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365

Limiting moment of resistance of T-beam,MulimT =

415.76 KN-m
0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
113
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*9.61*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
Mu/bd2 = 4.55*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.15

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
114
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.
115
say 1600 mm



= 18.125- 0.28*11.6

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(14.877*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 15730.46 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
116
Vu 11.28 KN
Vu=18.125-(0.45/2+0.365)*11.6

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 11.28*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


117
x =(18.125-109.641)/(11.6)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 11.28-65.481

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)
118
mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-24.08*0.8

Data:

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
119
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/9.61)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-7549914300 = -0.39

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
120
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
2
= 0.00 mm

Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2




=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
121
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -8110 16220 -8110 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
122
123
124
125
126
127
9.91 9.91 11.01 11.01
-136.723 49.335 11.436 0
128
129
β
7.26
7.26
7.26
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
m
138
139
140
141
142
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 2
A S7 S8 C
4.08 B S9
2.61

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S1 = = 4.08 m
W1 = 8.035 KN/m
w1 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.61*(3-(2.61/4.08)^2)/6

143
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S2 = = 3.58 m
W2 = 7.656 KN/m
w2 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.61*(3-(2.61/3.58)^2)/6
Load on beam due to slab
S10:
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S3 = = 3.58 m
W3 = 7.656 KN/m
w1 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.61*(3-(2.61/3.58)^2)/6

w7 = 0.115 * 0.9 * 19
Factored load on beam due to wall, W4 = 1.5 *
1.97 = 2.96 KN/m

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= 12.0525+2.96+2.59

= 11.484+11.484+2.96+2.59
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
17.6025 KN/m 28.518 KN/m
A B C
4.08 3.58
D.F. 1 0.467 0.533 1
144
F.E.M. -24.418 24.418 -30.458 30.458
Balance 2.821 3.219
C.O. 1.411 1.61
Finl
Momnts, -23.007 27.239 -27.239 32.068
KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C
Due to
external
loads 35.909 35.909 51.047 51.047
Due to
support
moments -1.037 1.037255 -1.349 1.349
Total 34.872 36.94625 49.698 52.396

Total, KN 34.872 86.644 52.396
SPAN MOMENTS
Span
AB = 34.872*4.08/2+-23.007-17.6025*4.08^2/8 = 11.505 KN-m
BC = 49.698*3.58/2+-27.239-28.518*3.58^2/8 = 16.033 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
17.6025 KN/m 28.518 KN/m
-23.007 27.239 -27.239 32.068 0
A B C
4.08 2.61
34.872 36.94625 49.698 52.396
Span, m 0 0 2.04 4.08 5.87 7.66 7.66
20
B.M. KN-m 0 -23.007 11.505 -27.239 16.033 -32.068 0
16.033
11.505
10
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 145 5 6 7 8 9
-10
20
16.033
11.505
10
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-10
-20
-23.007
-27.239
-30
-32.068
Row 122 B.M. KN-m

-40
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
60
Span,m 0 0 4.08 4.08 7.66 7.66
49.698
S. F. , KN 0 34.872 -36.946 49.698 -52.396 0
40
34.872
20
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-20
-36.946
-40
-52.396
Row 141 S. F. , KN
-60
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((32.068*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
146
=((0.85/415)*(230*392)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span AB 11.505 0.33 0.093 184.67 16 2

402
Span BC 16.033 0.45 0.128 184.67 16 2

402

A 23.007 0.65 0.187 184.67 16 2
402
B 27.239 0.77 0.224 201.9584 16 2

402
C 32.068 0.91 0.267 240.7272 16 2

402
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 86.644*10^3/(230*392)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm

147

Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A 34.872 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
B 86.644 0.45 0.459 41.38 45.264 1.15 8 150
C 52.396 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 100
Span AB BC
Modification factor = 2 2
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 52
RESULT SAFE SAFE
148
149
150
151
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*2*(3-(2/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


152
bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 11.6*3.125/2 = 18.13 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
11.60 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
153
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -9.44 9.44
Balance 3.04912 6.39088 -6.39088 -3.04912
C.0 1.52456 -3.19544 3.19544 -1.52456
Balance 1.032127 2.163313 -2.163313 -1.03213
C.O. 0.516064 -1.08166 1.081656 -0.516064
Balance 0.349375 0.732281 -0.732281 -0.34938
C.O. 0.174688 -0.36614 0.366141 -0.174688
Balance 0.118263 0.247877 -0.247877 -0.11826
Final
Moments 2.215311 4.55 -4.55 4.55 -4.54889 -2.215311
End Shears: 18.125 18.125

Mu = 11.6*3.125^2/8-4.55

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


415.76 KN-m
0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
154
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*9.61*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
Mu/bd2 = 4.55*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.15

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
155
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.
156
say 1600 mm



= 18.125- 0.28*11.6

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(14.877*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 15730.46 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
157
Vu 11.28 KN
Vu=18.125-(0.45/2+0.365)*11.6

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 11.28*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


158
x =(18.125-109.641)/(11.6)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 11.28-65.481

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)
159
mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-24.08*0.8

Data:

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
160
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/9.61)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-7549914300 = -0.39

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
161
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
2
= 0.00 mm

Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2




=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
162
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -8110 16220 -8110 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
163
164
165
β
5.16
5.16
5.16
166
m
167
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 1
From RB10
A S10 S9 C
3.58 B 3.32

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S1 = = 4.8 m
W1 = 7.891 KN/m
w1 = w lx/3 = 7.13*3.32/3
168
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S9 = = 3.58 m
W3 = 6.697 KN/m
w2 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*2.13*(3-(2.13/3.58)^2)/6

w7 = 0.115load
Factored * 0.9
on* beam
20 due to wall, W4 = 1.5 *
2.07 = 3.11 KN/m

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25
Load on Beam in span ABC = 16.641 KN/m

= (11.8365+10.0455)/2 +3.11+2.59
Load from Beam RB5 = 91.69 KN

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
91.69
16.641
A B C
3.58 3.32
6.9
FIXED END MOMENTS:

Due to U.D.L at 'A' = 16.641*6.9^2/12 = 66.023 KN-m
Due to point load at A = 91.69*3.58*3.32^2/6.9^2 = 75.995 KN-m
Total fixed end moment at A = 66.023+75.995 = 142.018 KN-m
Due to U.D.L at 'B = 16.641*6.9^2/12 = 66.023 KN-m

Due to point load at B = 91.69*3.58^2 *3.32/6.9^2 = 81.946 KN-m
Total fixed end moment at B = 66.023+81.946 = 147.969 KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B
Due to U.D.L. loads = 57.411 57.411
169
Due to point load = 44.118 47.57249
Due to support moments = -0.862 0.862
Total Shear Force, KN 100.667 105.845
SPAN MOMENTS
Bending moment will be maximum under the point load
AB = 100.667*3.58-16.641*3.58^2/2-142.018 111.731 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
91.69 16.641 KN/m
142.018 147.969
A B C
3.58 3.32
100.667 6.9 105.845 KN
Span, m 0 0 3.58 6.9 6.9

150
B.M. KN-m 0 -142.018 111.731 -147.969 0
111.731
100
50
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-50
-100
-150 -142.018 -147.969
Row 112 B.M. KN-m

-200
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
150
170
100 100.667
Span,m
150 0 0 3.58 3.58 6.9 6.9
S. F. , KN 0 100.667 41.092 -50.598 -105.846 0

100 100.667
50
41.092
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-50 -50.598
-100 -105.846
Row 131 S. F. , KN
-150
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((147.969*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*542)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span ABC 111.731 1.65 0.512 638.2592 16 3

829
12 2

A 142.018 2.1 0.677 843.9482 20 2
855
12 2
C 147.969 2.19 0.712 887.5792 20 2
968
12 3
171
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:
= 105.846*10^3/(230*542)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A 100.667 0.69 0.542 67.57 MIN #VALUE! 8 150
C 105.8455 0.78 0.568 70.81 MIN #VALUE! 8 150
Span ABC
Basic span / effective depth ratio = 26
Effective span, m = 6.9
172
Area of steel required, Ast req = 638
Area of steel provided, Ast, prov = 829
Percentage of steel provided, pt = 0.67
Service stress in steel, fs = 185.24
Modification factor = 1.4
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 36.4
Actual span/effective depth ratio = 12.73
RESULT SAFE
173
174
175
176
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3

177

D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 10.04*3.125/2 = 15.69 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
10.04 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -8.17 8.17
Balance 2.63891 5.53109 -5.53109 -2.63891
C.0 1.319455 -2.76555 2.765545 -1.319455
Balance 0.893271 1.872274 -1.872274 -0.89327
C.O. 0.446636 -0.93614 0.936137 -0.446636
Balance 0.302372 0.633765 -0.633765 -0.30237
C.O. 0.151186 -0.31688 0.316882 -0.151186
Balance 0.102353 0.214529 -0.214529 -0.10235
Final
Moments 1.917277 3.94 -3.94 3.94 -3.93691 -1.917277
End Shears: 15.6875 15.6875

Mu = 10.04*3.125^2/8-3.94
178

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*8.32*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
Mu/bd2 = 3.94*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.13

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]
179

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2
180
0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

say 1600 mm



= 15.6875- 0.28*10.04
181

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(12.8763*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 18117.93 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 9.76 KN
Vu=15.6875-(0.45/2+0.365)*10.04

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 9.76*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
182
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(15.6875-109.641)/(10.04)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 9.76-65.481

183
300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-21.62*0.8

Data:
184

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
185
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/8.32)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-2839808018 = -1.04

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
2
= 0.00 mm

Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2


186


=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -9580 19160 -9580 450
187
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
188
189
β
3.37
2.98
190
m
191
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 4
A B C D E
S1 S3 S5 S7
4.13 2.972 4.72 2.61

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S1 = = 4.88 m
W1 = 9.82 KN/m
W1 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.13/3

192
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S3 = = 4.88 m
W2 = 7.06 KN/m
W2 = w lx/3=7.13 * 2.972/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
W3 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.72/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S7 = = 4.88 m
W4 = 6.2 KN/m
W4 = w lx/3=7.13 * 2.61/3

w5 = 0.23 * 0.9 * 19
Factored load on beam due to wall, W5 = 1.5 * 3.93 = 5.9 KN/m

W6 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= 14.73+5.9+2.59

= 10.59+5.9+2.59
193
= 16.83 + 5.9 + 2.59
Load on beam in span DE = 17.79 KN/m

=9.3+5.9+2.59
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
23.22 KN/m 19.08 KN/m 25.32 KN/m 17.79
A B C D E
4.13 2.972 4.72 2.61
D.F. 1 0.418 0.582 0.614 0.386 0.356 0.644 1
F.E.M. -33.005 33.005 -14.044 14.044 -47.007 47.007 -10.099 10.099
Balance -7.926 -11.035 20.239 12.724 -13.139 -23.769
C.O. -3.963 10.12 -5.518 -6.57 6.362 -11.885
Balance -4.23 -5.89 7.422 4.666 -2.265 -4.097
C.O. -2.115 3.711 -2.945 -1.1325 2.333 -2.0485
Balance -1.551 -2.16 2.504 1.574 -0.831 -1.502
Finl
Momnts, -39.083 19.298 -19.298 35.746 -35.7455 39.467 -39.467 -3.8345
KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C D E
Due to
loads 47.949 47.949 28.353 28.353 59.755 59.755 23.216 23.216
Due to
moments 4.791 -4.79056 -5.534 5.534 -0.788 0.788 13.652 -13.652
Total 52.74 43.15844 22.819 33.887 58.967 60.543 36.868 9.564

Total, KN 52.74 65.977 92.854 97.411 9.564
SPAN MOMENTS
Span
AB = 52.74*4.13/2+-39.083-23.22*4.13^2/8 = 20.317 KN-m
194
BC = 22.819*2.972/2+-19.298-19.08*2.972^2/8 = -6.455 KN-m
CD = 58.967*4.72/2+-35.7455-25.32*4.72^2/8 = 32.905 KN-m
DE =36.868*2.61/2-17.79*2.61^2/8+-39.467 = -6.503 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
23.22 KN/m 19.08 KN/m 25.32 KN/m 17.79
KN-m -39.083 19.298 -19.298 35.746 -35.7455 39.467 -39.467 -3.8345
A B C D
4.13 2.972 4.72 2.61
52.74 43.15844 22.819 33.887 58.967 60.543 36.868 9.564
Span, m 0 0 2.065 4.13 5.616 7.102 9.462 11.822
40
B.M. KN-m 0 -39.083 20.317 -19.298 -6.455 -35.7455 32.905 -39.467
32.905
30
20 20.317
10
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 -3.8345 16
-6.455 -6.503
-10
-20 -19.298
-30
-35.7455
-40 -39.083 -39.467
Row 146 B.M. KN-m
-50
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Span,m 0 0 4.13 4.13 7.102 7.102 11.822 11.822

80
S. F. , KN 0 52.74 -43.159 22.818 -33.888 58.966 -60.544 36.867

60 58.966
52.74
40 36.867
20 22.818
195
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 -9.56516
60 58.966
52.74
40 36.867
20 22.818
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 -9.56516
-20
-33.888
-40 -43.159
-60 -60.544
Row 165 S. F. , KN
-80
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((39.467*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*392)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span AB 20.317 0.57 0.163 184.67 16 2

402
Span BC -6.455 -0.18 -0.049 184.67 16 2

402
Span CD 32.905 0.93 0.273 246.1368 16 2

402
Span DE -6.503 -0.18 -0.049 184.67 16 2

402

A 39.083 1.11 0.33 297.528 16 2
402
B 19.298 0.55 0.158 184.67 16 2

402
C 35.746 1.01 0.298 268.6768 16 2

402
196
402
D 39.467 1.12 0.333 300.2328 16 2

402
E -3.8345 -0.11 -0.03 184.67 16 2

402
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 119.032*10^3/(230*392)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A 52.74 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
B 65.977 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
C 92.854 0.45 0.459 41.38 51.474 1.31 8 150
D 97.411 0.45 0.459 41.38 56.031 1.43 8 150
197
Span AB BC CD DE
Basic span / effective depth ratio = 26 26 26 26
Effective span, m = 4.13 2.972 4.72 2.61
Area of steel required, Ast req = 185 185 246 185
Area of steel provided, Ast, prov = 402 402 402 402
Percentage of steel provided, pt = 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
Service stress in steel, fs = 110.77 110.77 147.29 110.77
Modification factor = 2 2 2 2
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 52 52 52
Actual span/effective depth ratio = 10.54 7.58 12.04 6.66
RESULT SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE
198
199
200
201
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*4*(3-(4/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

202
= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 11.79*3.125/2 = 18.42 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
11.79 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -9.59 9.59
Balance 3.09757 6.49243 -6.49243 -3.09757
C.0 1.548785 -3.24622 3.246215 -1.548785
Balance 1.048527 2.197688 -2.197688 -1.04853
C.O. 0.524264 -1.09884 1.098844 -0.524264
Balance 0.354927 0.743917 -0.743917 -0.35493
C.O. 0.177463 -0.37196 0.371959 -0.177463
Balance 0.120143 0.251816 -0.251816 -0.12014
203
Final
Moments 2.250512 4.62 -4.62 4.62 -4.62117 -2.250512
End Shears: 18.4219 18.42188

Mu = 11.79*3.125^2/8-4.62

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*9.77*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
204
Mu/bd2 = 4.62*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.15

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170
205


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

say 1600 mm
206


= 18.421875- 0.27*11.79

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(15.238575*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 15365.88 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 11.47 KN
Vu=18.421875-(0.45/2+0.365)*11.79
207
τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 11.47*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(18.421875-109.641)/(11.79)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 11.47-65.481
208

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-24.42*0.8

Data:
209

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm
210
( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/9.77)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-9153481072 = -0.32

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
2
= 0.00 mm

211
Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2




=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450
212
2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -7960 15920 -7960 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
213
13.127 14.432 14.432
-6.503 -3.8345 0
14.432 14.432
-9.565 0
214
β
5.16
5.16
5.16
5.16
215
216
m
217
218
219
Title : Design of Roof Beam- RB8 Second Floor ) Checked: BRN
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 1
From RB10
A S10 S7 C
2.1 B 2.61
S8

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S7 = = 4.08 m
W1 = 6.203 KN/m
w1 = w lx/3 = 7.13*2.61/3
220
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S8 = = 3.58 m
W3 = 6.203 KN/m
w2 = w lx/3=7.13*2.61/3

w = + 0.9 + 0.115 + 0.45
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S8 = = 3.58 m
W3 = 1.029 KN/m
w3 = w lx/3=1.47*2.1/3
w7 = 0.115 * 0.9 * 20

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= (9.3045+9.3045+2.59)
Load on Beam in span BC = 7.244 KN/m

= 1.544 + 3.11 + 2.59
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
100.67
21.199 7.244
A B C
2.61 2.1
4.71
FIXED END MOMENTS:

Due to U.D.L at 'A' = 21.199*4.71^2/12 = 39.19 KN-m
221
Due to U.D.L at 'B = 21.199*4.71^2/12 = 39.19 KN-m
Due to point load at C = 100.67*2.1 = 211.407 KN-m
Due to U.D.L. in span BC 7.244*2.1^2/2 = 15.974 KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B
Due to U.D.L. loads = 27.665 27.665
Due to support moments = -87.119 87.119
Total Shear Force, KN -59.454 114.784
SPAN MOMENTS
Maximum span moment at centre
AB = 21.199*4.71^2/8-(39.19+ (266.571-39.19)/2) -94.095 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
21.199 KN/m
#REF! 266.571
A B
-59.454 2.61 114.784 KN
Span, m 0 0 1.305 2.61 2.61
0 KN-m
B.M. 0 0 -39.19 -94.095 -266.571 0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
-39.19
-50
-100 -94.095
-150
-200
-250
222 -266.571
Row 119 B.M. KN-m
-300
-150
-200
-250
-266.571
Row 119 B.M. KN-m
-300
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
0 0 0
Span,m 0 0 0.5 0 11.305 1.5 2.61 2 2.61 2.5 3
-20
S. F. , KN 0 -59.454 -87.119 -114.7834 0
-40
-60 -59.454
-80
-87.119
-100
-114.78339
-120
Row 138 S. F. , KN
-140
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((266.751*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*667)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span ABC -94.095 -0.92 -0.243 314.21 16 2

402
223
402

A 39.19 0.38 0.108 314.21 16 2
402
C 266.571 2.61 0.886 1359.213 20 3

1345
16 2
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 114.784*10^3/(230*667)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A -59.454 0.26 0.365 55.99 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
C 114.784 0.88 0.594 91.13 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
224
Span ABC
Modification factor = 2
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52
RESULT SAFE
225
226
227
228
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
229
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 10.04*3.125/2 = 15.69 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
10.04 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -8.17 8.17
Balance 2.63891 5.53109 -5.53109 -2.63891
C.0 1.319455 -2.76555 2.765545 -1.319455
Balance 0.893271 1.872274 -1.872274 -0.89327
C.O. 0.446636 -0.93614 0.936137 -0.446636
Balance 0.302372 0.633765 -0.633765 -0.30237
C.O. 0.151186 -0.31688 0.316882 -0.151186
Balance 0.102353 0.214529 -0.214529 -0.10235
Final
Moments 1.917277 3.94 -3.94 3.94 -3.93691 -1.917277
230
End Shears: 15.6875 15.6875

Mu = 10.04*3.125^2/8-3.94

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*8.32*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
231
Mu/bd2 = 3.94*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.13

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170
232

(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

say 1600 mm

233

= 15.6875- 0.28*10.04

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(12.8763*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 18117.93 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 9.76 KN
Vu=15.6875-(0.45/2+0.365)*10.04

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β
234

= 9.76*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(15.6875-109.641)/(10.04)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 9.76-65.481
235

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-21.62*0.8

Data:
236

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610
237
Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/8.32)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-2839808018 = -1.04

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
2
= 0.00 mm

Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2
238



=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
239
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -9580 19160 -9580 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
240
241
242
β
8.93
2.64
243
244
m
245
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 3
A S1 B S3 C S5 D
S2 S4 S6
4.13 2.97 4.72

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S1 = = 4.88 m
W1 = 9.82 KN/m
W1 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.13/3

246
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S2 = = 6.1 m
W2 = 9.82 KN/m
W2 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.13/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S3 = = 4.88 m
W3 = 7.06 KN/m
W3 = w lx/3=7.13 * 2.97/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S4 = = 6.10 m
W4 = 7.06 KN/m
W4 = w lx/3=7.13 * 2.97/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S5 = = 4.88 m
W5 = 11.22 KN/m
W5 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.72/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S6 = = 6.10 m
W6 = 11.22 KN/m
W6 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.72/3
247
Thickness
wall = 0m
w7 = 0.115 * 0 * 19

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= 14.73+14.73+0+2.59

= 10.59+10.59+0+2.59

= 16.83 + 16.83 + 0 + 2.59
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
32.05 KN/m 23.77 KN/m 36.25 KN/m
A B C D
4.13 2.97 4.72
D.F. 1 0.418 0.582 0.614 0.386 1
F.E.M. -45.556 45.556 -17.473 17.473 -67.299 67.299
Balance -11.739 -16.344 30.593 19.233
C.O. -5.87 15.297 -8.172 9.617
Balance -6.394 -8.903 5.018 3.154
C.O. -3.197 2.509 -4.452 1.577
Balance -1.049 -1.46 2.734 1.718
Finl
Momnts, -54.623 26.374 -26.374 43.194 -43.194 78.493
KN-m
248
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C D
Due to
external
loads 66.183 66.183 35.298 35.298 85.55 85.55
Due to
support
moments 6.84 -6.83995 -5.663 5.663 -7.479 7.479
Total 73.023 59.34305 29.635 40.961 78.071 93.029

Total, KN 73.023 88.978 119.032 93.029
SPAN MOMENTS
Span
AB = 73.023*4.13/2+-54.623-32.05*4.13^2/8 = 27.835 KN-m
BC = 29.635*2.97/2+-26.374-23.77*2.97^2/8 = -8.575 KN-m
CD = 78.071*4.72/2+-43.194-36.25*4.72^2/8 = 40.105 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
32.05 KN/m 23.77 KN/m 36.25 KN/m
-54.623 26.374 -26.374 43.194 -43.194 78.493 KN-m
A B C D
4.13 2.97 4.72
73.023 59.34305 29.635 40.961 78.071 93.029 KN
Span, m 0 0 2.065 4.13 5.615 7.1 9.46 11.82
60 KN-m
B.M. 0 -54.623 27.835 -26.374 -8.575 -43.194 40.105 -78.493
40 40.105
27.835
20
0 0 0
0 2 4 -8.575
6 8 10 12 14
-20
-26.374
-40 -43.194
-54.623
-60
-80 -78.493
Span, m B.M. KN-m

-100 249
-40 -43.194
-54.623
-60
-80 -78.493
Span, m B.M. KN-m

-100
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Span,m 0 0 4.13 4.13 7.1 7.1 11.82 11.82

100
73.023 78.069
S. F. , KN 0 73.023 -59.344 29.634 -40.963 78.069 -93.031 0
50
29.634
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-40.963
-50
-59.344
-93.031
-100
Row 177 S. F. , KN
-150
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((78.493*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*392)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span AB 27.835 0.79 0.23 207.368 16 2

402
250
Span BC -8.575 -0.24 -0.066 184.67 16 2
402
Span CD 40.105 1.13 0.337 303.8392 16 2

402

A 54.623 1.55 0.477 430.0632 16 2
515
12 1
B 26.374 0.75 0.218 196.5488 16 2
402
C 43.194 1.22 0.366 329.9856 16 2

402
D 78.493 2.22 0.724 652.7584 16 2

741
12 3
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 119.032*10^3/(230*392)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm2 KN KN KN/Cm Dia. Spacing
A 73.023 0.57 0.504 45.44 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
251
B 88.978 0.45 0.459 41.38 47.598 1.21 8 150
C 119.032 0.45 0.459 41.38 77.652 1.98 8 100
D 93.029 0.82 0.579 52.2 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
Span AB BC CD
Effective span, m = 4.13 2.97 4.72
Service stress in steel, fs = 123.94 110.77 182.02
Modification factor = 2 2 1.68
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 52 43.68
252
253
254
255
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*3*(3-(3/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


256
bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 12.39*3.125/2 = 19.36 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
12.39 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -10.08 10.08
257
Balance 3.25584 6.82416 -6.82416 -3.25584
C.0 1.62792 -3.41208 3.41208 -1.62792
Balance 1.102102 2.309978 -2.309978 -1.1021
C.O. 0.551051 -1.15499 1.154989 -0.551051
Balance 0.373061 0.781928 -0.781928 -0.37306
C.O. 0.186531 -0.39096 0.390964 -0.186531
Balance 0.126281 0.264682 -0.264682 -0.12628
Final
Moments 2.365502 4.86 -4.86 4.86 -4.85728 -2.365502
End Shears: 19.3594 19.35938

Mu = 12.39*3.125^2/8-4.86

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*10.26*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415
258
Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
Mu/bd2 = 4.86*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.16

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230
259

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

260
say 1600 mm



= 19.359375- 0.28*12.39

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(15.890175*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 14750.74 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 12.05 KN
Vu=19.359375-(0.45/2+0.365)*12.39
261

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 12.05*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(19.359375-109.641)/(12.39)-0.45/2
262


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 12.05-65.481

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3
263
= 26* mft *mrt =26*-25.55*0.8

Data:

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6
264

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/10.26)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-23425551087 = -0.13

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
265
2
= 0.00 mm

Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2




=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
266
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -7510 15020 -7510 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
267
11.82
268
β
4.07
269
5.16
5.16
2.83
270
m
271
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 1
From RB5
A S8 S10 C
2.61 B 2.13
S9

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S1 = = 3.58 m
W1 = 6.203 KN/m
w1 = w lx/3 = 7.13*2.61/3
Load on beam due to slab
S10:
272
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S10 = = 3.58 m
W2 = 5.062 KN/m
w2 = w lx/3=7.13*2.13/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S9 = = 4.8 m
W3 = 9.948 KN/m
w1 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*3.32*(3-(3.32/4.8)^2)/6

Height of wall = 0m
w7 = 0.115 * 0 * 19

W8 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25
Load on Beam in span ABC = 25.96075 KN/m

= 9.3045+0+2.59

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
52.396
25.961
A B C
2.13 2.61
4.74
FIXED END MOMENTS:

Due to U.D.L at 'A' = 25.961*4.74^2/12 = 48.607 KN-m
Due to point load at A = 52.396*2.13*2.61^2/4.74^2 = 33.838 KN-m
273
Total fixed end moment at A = 48.607+33.838 = 82.445 KN-m
Due to U.D.L at 'B = 25.961*4.74^2/12 = 48.607 KN-m

Due to point load at B = 52.396*2.13^2 *2.61/4.74^2 = 27.615 KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A C
Due to U.D.L. loads = 61.528 61.528
Due to point load = 28.851 23.54504
Due to support moments = 1.313 -1.313
Total Shear Force, KN 91.692 83.76
SPAN MOMENTS
Bending moment will be maximum under the point load
AB = 91.692*2.13-25.961*2.13^2/2-82.445 53.968 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
52.396 25.961 KN/m
82.445 76.222
A B C
2.13 2.61
91.692 4.74 83.76 KN
Span, m 0 0 2.13 4.74 4.74

80
B.M. KN-m 0 -82.445 53.968 -76.222 0
60
53.968
40
20
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-20
-40
-60 274
-80 -76.222
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-20
-40
-60
-80 -76.222
-82.445
Row 121 B.M. KN-m
-100
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Span,m
150 0 0 2.13 2.13 4.74 4.74
S. F. , KN 0 91.692 36.395 -16.001 -83.759 0

100
91.692
50
36.395
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -16.001
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-50
-83.759
Row 140 S. F. , KN
-100
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((82.445*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*392)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
275
Span ABC 53.968 1.53 0.47 423.752 16 2
515
12 1

A 82.445 2.33 0.768 692.4288 16 3
716
12 1
C 76.222 2.16 0.7 631.12 16 2
628
12 2
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 91.692*10^3/(230*392)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A 91.692 0.79 0.571 51.48 MIN #VALUE! 8 150
C 83.76004 0.7 0.545 49.14 MIN #VALUE! 8 150
276
Span ABC
Modification factor = 1.41
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 36.66
RESULT SAFE
277
278
279
280
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

281
= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 9.89*3.125/2 = 15.45 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
9.89 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -8.05 8.05
Balance 2.60015 5.44985 -5.44985 -2.60015
C.0 1.300075 -2.72493 2.724925 -1.300075
Balance 0.880151 1.844774 -1.844774 -0.88015
C.O. 0.440075 -0.92239 0.922387 -0.440075
Balance 0.297931 0.624456 -0.624456 -0.29793
C.O. 0.148966 -0.31223 0.312228 -0.148966
Balance 0.10085 0.211378 -0.211378 -0.10085
282
Final
Moments 1.889116 3.88 -3.88 3.88 -3.87908 -1.889116
End Shears: 15.4531 15.45313

Mu = 9.89*3.125^2/8-3.88

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*8.19*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
bent up also.
283
Mu/bd2 = 3.88*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.13

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230

r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170
284


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

say 1600 mm
285


= 15.453125- 0.28*9.89

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(12.683925*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 18387.18 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 9.62 KN
Vu=15.453125-(0.45/2+0.365)*9.89
286
τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 9.62*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(15.453125-109.641)/(9.89)-0.45/2


Vus = Vu-Vuc = 9.62-65.481
287

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-21.39*0.8

Data:
288

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm
289
( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/8.19)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-2644707066 = -1.11

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
2
= 0.00 mm

290
Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2




=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450
291
2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -9750 19500 -9750 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
292
293
β
2.94
3.32
294
295
m
296
Consultant R.V.
Approved
INPUT DATA:
No. of spans = 4
From RB6
A B C D E
S2 S4 S6 S9
4.13 2.972 4.76 4.80

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S2 = = 6.1 m
W1 = 9.82 KN/m
W1 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.13/3

297
w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S4 = = 6.1 m
W2 = 7.06 KN/m
W2 = w lx/3=7.13 * 2.972/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
W3 = w lx/3=7.13 * 4.76/3

w = 3.125 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1
Length
Load onofbeam
long from
span,slab
ly S9 = = 4.80 m
W4 = 9.948 KN/m
w4 = w lx/6 [3-(lx/ly)^2]=7.13*3.32*(3-(3.32/4.8)^2)/6

w5 = 0.115 * 0.9 * 19

W6 = 1.5 * 0.23 * 0.3 * 25

= 14.73+2.96+2.59

= 10.59+2.96+2.59
298
= 16.965 + 2.96 + 2.59
Load on beam in span DE = 20.472 KN/m

=14.922+2.96+2.59
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
20.28 KN/m 16.14 KN/m 22.515 KN/m 20.472
A B C D E
4.13 2.972 4.76 2.61
D.F. 1 0.418 0.582 0.616 0.384 0.354 0.646 1
F.E.M. -28.826 28.826 -11.88 11.88 -42.511 42.511 -11.621 11.621

134.642 269.283
Moments -28.826 28.826 -11.88 11.88 -42.511 42.511 123.021
Balance -7.083 -9.863 18.869 11.762 -58.598 -106.934
C.O. -3.542 9.435 -4.932 -29.299 5.881
Balance -3.944 -5.491 21.086 13.145 -2.082 -3.799
C.O. -1.972 10.543 -2.746 -1.041 6.573
Balance -4.407 -6.136 2.333 1.454 -2.327 -4.246
Finl
Momnts, -63.166 42.218 -25.272 58.37 -89.001 34.469 131.063 280.904
KN-m
SHEAR FORCES
Support A B C D E
Due to
loads 41.878 41.878 23.984 23.984 53.586 53.586 26.716 26.716
Due to
moments 5.072 -5.07215 -11.137 11.137 11.456 -11.456 -57.41 57.41
Total 46.95 36.80585 12.847 35.121 65.042 42.13 -30.694 84.126

Total, KN 46.95 49.653 100.163 11.436 234.81
SPAN MOMENTS
299
Span
AB = 46.95*4.13/2+-63.166-20.28*4.13^2/8 = -9.453 KN-m
BC = 12.847*2.972/2+-25.272-16.14*2.972^2/8 = -24.001 KN-m
CD = 65.042*4.76/2+-89.001-22.515*4.76^2/8 = 2.032 KN-m
DE =-30.694*2.61/2-20.472*2.61^2/8+131.063 = 73.575 KN-m
LOADING DIAGRAM
20.28 KN/m 16.14 KN/m 22.515 KN/m 20.472
KN-m -63.166 42.218 -25.272 58.37 -89.001 34.469 131.063 280.904
A B C D
4.13 2.972 4.76 2.61
46.95 36.80585 12.847 35.121 65.042 42.13 -30.694 84.126
Span, m 0 0 2.065 4.13 5.616 7.102 9.482 11.862

100
B.M. KN-m 0 -63.166 -9.453 -25.272 -24.001 -89.001 2.032
73.575 -34.469
50
0 0 2.032 0
-9.453
0 2 4 -25.272 -24.001
6 8 10 12 14 16
-34.469
-50
-63.166
-89.001
-100
-150
-200
-250
Row 148 B.M. KN-m -280.904
-300
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
200
Span,m 0 0 4.13 4.13 7.102 7.102 11.862 11.862
S. F.150
, KN 0 46.95 -36.806 12.847 -35.121 65.042
150.685 -42.129 -30.693
100 105.85
300
65.042
150 150.685
100 105.85
65.042
50 46.95
12.847
0 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
-36.806 -35.121 -30.693
-42.129
-50
-84.125
-100 Row 167 S. F. , KN
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

db= SQRT((89.001*10^6)/(0.138*20*230))
=((0.85/415)*(230*392)
Location Mu/bd2 pt
Span AB -9.453 -0.27 -0.074 184.67 16 2

402
Span BC -24.001 -0.68 -0.182 184.67 16 2

402
Span CD 2.032 0.06 0.017 184.67 16 2

402
Span DE 73.575 2.08 0.669 603.1704 16 3

603

A 63.166 1.79 0.561 505.7976 16 2
515
12 1
B 42.218 1.19 0.356 320.9696 16 2
402
301
402
C 58.37 1.65 0.512 461.6192 16 2

515
12 1
D 34.469 0.98 0.289 260.5624 16 2
402
E 280.904 7.95 Err:502 Err:502 20 3

1546
16 3
Provide overall depth = 700 mm in DE portion i.e, in cantiliever portion
c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

= 150.685*10^3/(230*392)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm


Location
KN bd N/mm 2
A 46.95 0.57 0.504 45.44 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
B 49.653 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 200
C 100.163 0.57 0.504 45.44 54.723 1.4 8 150
302
D 11.436 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 150
E 234.81 1.71 0.747 67.35 167.46 4.27 10 150
Span AB BC CD DE
Basic span / effective depth ratio = 26 26 26 26
Effective span, m = 4.13 2.972 4.76 2.61
Area of steel required, Ast req = 185 185 185 603
Area of steel provided, Ast, prov = 402 402 402 603
Percentage of steel provided, pt = 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.67
Service stress in steel, fs = 110.77 110.77 110.77 240.7
Modification factor = 2 2 2 1.12
Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 52 52 29.12
Actual span/effective depth ratio = 10.54 7.58 12.14 6.66
RESULT SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE
303
304
305
306
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*4*(3-(4/3.125)^2)/6
= wlx/6(3-(lx/y)^2 ) = 3*1*(3-(1/3.125)^2)/6


bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83
307
Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

= 2.3*1/12 *0.23*0.425^3
M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3


D.Fbeam = 0.0044/(0.0044+0.0021)

D.F.column = 0.0021/(0.0044+0.0021)

Free shears = 11.79*3.125/2 = 18.42 KN
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
11.79 KN/m
B C
3.125
3.2875 m
A D
Joint A B C D
D.F. 1 0.323 0.677 0.677 0.323 1
F.E.M 0 -9.59 9.59
Balance 3.09757 6.49243 -6.49243 -3.09757
C.0 1.548785 -3.24622 3.246215 -1.548785
Balance 1.048527 2.197688 -2.197688 -1.04853
308
C.O. 0.524264 -1.09884 1.098844 -0.524264
Balance 0.354927 0.743917 -0.743917 -0.35493
C.O. 0.177463 -0.37196 0.371959 -0.177463
Balance 0.120143 0.251816 -0.251816 -0.12014
Final
Moments 2.250512 4.62 -4.62 4.62 -4.62117 -2.250512
End Shears: 18.4219 18.42188

Mu = 11.79*3.125^2/8-4.62

xumax =700*d/(1100+.87fy)=(700/(1100+0.87*415))*365


415.76 KN-m
0.36*20*230*175*(365-0.42*175)+(1340-230)*107.5*0.446*20*(365-107.5/2))/10^6
Mu<Mulim,T
0.5*20*(1-SQRT(1-(4.6*9.77*10^6)/(20*1340*365^2)))*1340*365/415

Provide 2 20
2 25
309
bent up also.
Mu/bd2 = 4.62*10^6/(230*365^2) = 0.15

pt = 50[1-√(1-4.6*Mu/bd2/fck)/fy/fck]

pt min = 0.85*230*365/(415)
Hence, O.K.

450
170
314 250
425
r= 200
225
230
310
r > 0.456φ(fy/fck)(1+2φ/a)
= 0.456*25*(415/)*(1+2*25/170


(0.87*415*(34)/1610 7.62 N/mm2

0.87*415*(25-407)/25
Fbt = -5516.84*Pi()*25^2/4

σ = Fbt/( rφ )

= 1.5*20/(1+2*25/170)
26.2.3.5.

say 1600 mm
311



= 18.421875- 0.27*11.79

=
0.87fy , Mu1 175.84 KN-m
Mu1 = 0.87*415*1610*(365-125/2)*10^-6


1.3 Mu1/Vu +Lo > Ld
1.3*175.84*10^6/(15.238575*10^3)+365 = 47*φ
= 15365.88 = 47*φ
Hence, O.K.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Vu 11.47 KN
Vu=18.421875-(0.45/2+0.365)*11.79
312

τc = 0.85√fck(√(1+5β )-1)/6β

= 11.47*10^3/(230*365)
= 0.62*SQRT(20)
Hence, SAFE

2. 300 mm = 300 mm



x =(18.421875-109.641)/(11.79)-0.45/2

313
Vus = Vu-Vuc = 11.47-65.481

300 mm c/c


pt = 100*1610/(1340*365)


mft. = 1/0.225 +.00322fs -0.625log(bf d/100 As)

mrf = 0.80 for bw/bf < 0.30
mrf = 0.80 +2/7(bw/bf -.30) for bw/bf > 0.3

= 26* mft *mrt =26*-24.42*0.8
314
Data:

tension , yt
Ec = 5000√fck
dsu = wl4/384EI
fcr = 0.7 * sqrt( fck ) = 0.7 *SQRT(20)

Igr =1340*125^3/12+1340*125*61.5^2+230*300^3/12+230*300*151^"2
Mr = fcr*Igr/yt ) = (3.13*2942394833.33333/301)/10^6

315
( L = 0.42*Xu ) = 0.42*175 = 73.50 mm

( m*Ast )= 8.94*1610

Ir = 175*230*(175-73.5)^2+14393.4*(365-175)^2
Ieff = 934267303/(1.2-((30.6/9.77)*((365-73.5)/365)*(1-175/365)*230/230))
Igr/Ieff = 2942394833.33333/-9153481072 = -0.32

dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
K2 = M1+M2/MF1+MF2 = 0.48
=
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.80 = 0.16 k2 = 0.8
K1 for a value of K2 = 0.71 = -0.10

Igr/Ieff 2.40
dsc = dsu *Igr/Ieff
Cantilever -1 ( K3 = 0.500 )
k3 = 0.125
K4 = 0.000
2
= 0.00 mm
316

Ece = Ec/( 1+ q ) = 9804.298 N/mm2




=(230-2*30-10*20)/(9)
HENCE, SAFE
HENCE, SAFE
DRAWING:
1600 2 T- 20 + 2 T- 25 extra
2 T-20 straight
789
r =200 r =200
317
20 T-20
450 (230 x 425 mm overall ) 450

2675
3125
A B
T- 8 at T- 8 at
175 mm T- 8 at 300 mm c/c 175 mm
c/c c/c
450 -7960 15920 -7960 450
2 T-A20 + 2 T- 25 extra
B 2 T- 20
125
300
20 T-20 20 T-20
230 230
318
105.85
2.19
-280.904
150.684
234.81
319
13.167 14.472 14.472
73.575 -280.904 0
0
16
-280.904
14.472 14.472 16.662 16.662
-84.125 150.685 105.85 0
320
β
4.07
5.16
4.07
321
5.16
1.36
322
m
323
324

Continuous Beams

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Continuous Beams

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DESIGN OF ROOF BEAMS

Client : G.VIJAYA NAIDU Date: 30/12/2009

Load on beam due to slab S1:

Load on beam due to slab S2:

Load on beam due to wall:

Load on beam due to self weight of beam , W8 = 2.59 KN/m

Load on Beam in span AB = 22.362 KN/m

Load on beam in span BC = 23.3115 KN/m

Load on beam in span CD = 24.261 KN/m

Reaction from RB9 = 73.023 KN

Reaction from RB11 = 46.95 KN

D.F. 1 0.449 0.551 0.518 0.482 1 0

F.E.M. -25.236 25.236 -49.483 37.096 -20.962 20.962 -64.125

C.O. 5.444 -9.769 6.68

Balance 4.386 5.383 -3.46 -3.22

C.O. 2.193 -1.73 2.692

Balance 0.777 0.953 -1.394 -1.298

Total 34.709 47.58268 86.645 56.313 26.002 52.118 72.91 46.95

BC = 86.645*1.14+-41.286-23.3115*1.14^2/2 = 42.341 KN-m

CD = 26.002*3.22/2+-22.0775-24.261*3.22^2/8 = -11.658 KN-m

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

Span, m 0 0 1.84 3.68 5.18 6.68 8.29 9.9

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

Span AB 8.411 0.24 0.067 184.67 16 2

Span BC 42.341 1.2 0.359 323.6744 16 2

Span CD -11.658 -0.33 -0.09 184.67 16 2

Top reinforcement (for hogging moment )

C 22.077 0.62 0.178 184.67 16 2

D 64.125 1.81 0.569 513.0104 16 2

c DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

Minimum shear reinforcement: Asv min = 0.4* b*sv/0.87fy

Shear force resisited by minimum shear =

Vu 100As/ τc τcbd Vus Vus/d , Stirrups 2 leeged

B 134.228 0.45 0.459 41.38 92.848 2.37 8 150

C 82.315 0.45 0.459 41.38 MIN #VALUE! 8 200

D 125.028 0.57 0.504 45.44 79.588 2.03 8 150

Check for Deflection:

Basic span / effective depth ratio = 26 26 26

Effective span, m = 3.68 3 3.22

Area of steel required, Ast req = 185 324 185

Area of steel provided, Ast, prov = 402 402 402

Percentage of steel provided, pt = 0.45 0.45 0.45

Service stress in steel, fs = 110.77 194 110.77

Modification factor = 2 1.58 2

Permissisble span/effective depth ratio = 52 41.08 52

Actual span/effective depth ratio = 9.39 7.65 8.21

RESULT SAFE SAFE SAFE

Total Factored Load on beam, Wu = 1.5*8.2615 = 12.39 KN/m

THE BEAM IS A T- BEAM

Effective width of flange for T- beams , bf = lo/6 +bw + 6 Df

Clear distance to adjacent beam on left side = 1.29 m

bf/bw = 1.34/0.23 = 5.83

Df/D = 0.125/0.425 = 0.29

Coefficent of M.I of Flanged beam, kt = 2.3

Stiffness of beam, =( 4 I/l )b = 4*0.0034/3.125 = 0.0044 m3

M. I. of column, Ic = 1/12*0.23*0.45^3 = 0.0017 m3

Effective length of column , lc = 3.5-0.425/2 = 3.2875 m

Distribution Factor of beam , Dfbeam = 0.677

Distribution Factor of column, D.F.column = 0.323

Fixed End moments = 12.39*3.125^2/12 = 10.08 KN-m

End Shears: 19.3594 19.35938

BC = 86.6451.14+-41.286-23.31151.14^2/2 = 42.341 KN-m

CD = 26.0023.22/2+-22.0775-24.2613.22^2/8 = -11.658 KN-m

M. I. of column, Ic = 1/120.230.45^3 = 0.0017 m3

Mu/bd2 = 4.8610^6/(230365^2) = 0.16

Development length, Ld = 472534/1610 = 25 mm