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1 Introduction to the Air Crash Cases

Air crash is also known as an aviation accident and incident. Much of the aviation such as airplane,
helicopter, air balloon and jet plane are design involves ensuring with a high level of safety. However,
aviation accidents do happen in anytime and harm human life. It is unpredictable and unpreventable
accident with the resulting loss of life tragic. We understand that there is no amount of money can
replace who has been lost in any type of accident or any destruction.

Aviation accident cases can be extremely complex because it might lead to a lot of things happen in a
single time. Many people are at risk of injury when an aviation accident occurs. Injuries from aviation
accidents can range from minor cuts and bruises to catastrophic injuries or death. It is depending on the
situation of the accident. Then when serious aviation accidents occur such as including severe burns,
neck and back injuries, spinal cord injuries, head injuries, and brain injuries. Next, less severe personal
injuries can also occur due to falling luggage, turbulence or unsafe airport facilities. Well, pilots, crew and
passengers are in the most dangerous condition but aviation accidents can also injure people on the
ground such as visitors to air shows, airport crews, emergency responders, and others who are struck by
falling shatter and caught in post-accident fires or Aviation accidents can be caused by several different
major of factors including human error, unpredictable bad weather, engine failure, aviation component
failure and device failure. Besides that, other common causes of these aviation accidents such as air
traffic control error, bird strikes, fires in the cargo hold or cabin, design flaws, sabotage, fuel starvation,
high jacking and lighting problems.

1.2 Introduction to the Air Crash due to Human Error

Aviation crashes cause by human error is preventable and predictable. However, it can be reduced still
further. Human errors including pilot error are potential danger and nowadays it is the most common
factor of aviation crashes compared to others factors.

Normally, pilot error and improper communication are often factors in the collision of aircraft. This can
be take place in the air such as in 1978 Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182 and on the ground Tenerife
disaster happened in 1977. Next, failure of the pilots to properly monitor the flight instruments resulted
in the crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 in 1972 and mistaken during take-off and landing can cause
the disaster happened such as the crash of Prinair Flight 191 on landing occur in 1972. All these are
caused by human error due to lack of experience and inappropriate training.

Besides, flight crew members are not disciplined and failure communication is also one of the human
factors to cause aviation crashes. For example, in 1990, three Northwest Airlines crew members were
sentenced to jail for flying to Minneapolis while drunk. In 2001, Northwest fired a pilot who failed a
breathalyser test after a flight.

So, human factor’s training is necessary because air safety is important if we take precaution and the
prevention of sexplosions. Problem Definition

An aviation accident is an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place
between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such
persons have disembarked which is a person is fatally or seriously injured, the aircraft sustains damage
or structural failure or the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible. An aviation incident is an
occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft that affects or could affect the safety of
operations. Thus, an accident in which the damage to the aircraft is such that it must be written off
which is the plane is destroyed is called a hull loss accident.

Based on the analysis, the result of the aviation accidents can be caused by several different major of
factors. As the scope of analysis too wide, some of the factors are to be remained constant. So, this
project is only focus on the air crash investigation due to human error. The problem is defined as how we
can clearly differentiate and compare the relationship between air crash investigation due to human
error and the result of the accident. The first objective to conduct this project is to investigate the
aviation accident and incident causes by human error.

From the research, there are some types of human error can be categorized such as pilot error, flight
crew error, air traffic controller error, tower control error, maintenance problem, inappropriate
management team and more. So, we will analyse the qualification of the pilot, flight crew, technician
engineer and designer in order to conduct date collection by plotting graphs and pie chart. In this
research, we will identify the cases of the aviation accident and we will determining the cause of air
crash that can improve overall aviation safety by bringing to light any faults to enhance and make
improvement in order to prevent the aviation accident.