TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1ST SEMESTER AY 2018-2019

FINALS

ELECRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

ECE 402
CPE41FA1

Frequency Response of Active Filters.

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

Submitted to:
Engr. Reginald Phelps T. Laguna

Submitted on:
October 16, 208

Submitted by:
Losabe, Daniel
Noche, Jon Paolo
Normandy, Marty Paul
Diuco, Kevin Rhey
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Experiment No. 1
Frequency Response of Active Filters.
Group No.: Course Code: ECE 402
Group Members: Course Title: E. Circuit Analysis and Design
Section:
Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor: Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

1. Objective(s):
This activity aims to introduce to the student the concepts of frequency response of active filters.
The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to introduce to the student the most basic applications of
operational amplifier active filter. This experiment will give the students’ knowledge and skills on these
applications as to how they operate and which application to use them for.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
2.1 To understand Active High Pass Filter and Active Low Pass Filter
2.2 Learn about the differences and similarities of Active High Pass Filter and Active Low Pass
Filter.
2.3 To apply Active High Pass Filter and Active Low Pass Filter in a circuit diagram.
3. Discussion:

Active High Pass Filter

The basic operation of an Active High Pass Filter (HPF) is the same as for its equivalent RC
passive high pass filter circuit, except this time the circuit has an operational amplifier or
included within its design providing amplification and gain control. Like the previous active low
pass filter circuit, the simplest form of an active high pass filter is to connect a standard
inverting or non-inverting operational amplifier to the basic RC high pass passive filter circuit as
shown.

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ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Frequency response curve of a typical Operational Amplifier

Then the performance of a “high pass filter” at high frequencies is limited by this unity gain
crossover frequency which determines the overall bandwidth of the open-loop amplifier. The
gain-bandwidth product of the op-amp starts from around 100 kHz for small signal amplifiers
up to about 1GHz for high-speed digital video amplifiers and op-amp based active filters can
achieve very good accuracy and performance provided that low tolerance resistors and
capacitors are used.
Active Low Pass Filter
The most common and easily understood active filter is the Active Low Pass Filter. Its principle
of operation and frequency response is exactly the same as those for the previously seen
passive filter, the only difference this time is that it uses an op-amp for amplification and gain
control. The simplest form of a low pass active filter is to connect an inverting or non-inverting
amplifier, the same as those discussed in the Op-amp tutorial, to the basic RC low pass filter
circuit as shown.

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ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Frequency Response Curve

If the external impedance connected to the input of the circuit changes, this change will also
affect the corner frequency of the filter (components connected in series or parallel). One way
of avoiding this is to place the capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor R2.
The value of the capacitor will change slightly from being 100nF to 110nF to take account of
the 9k1Ω resistor and the formula used to calculate the cut-off corner frequency is the same as
that used for the RC passive low pass filter.

4. Equipment and Resources:

Breadboard
2x 1k ohms ¼ w resistor
0.1uf ceramic capacitor
LM741 IC
Dual Polarity PSU
Oscilloscope
Signal Generator
Two (2) Digital Multi meters

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ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

5. Procedure:

Fig.1 Active High Pass Simulation

1. Recreate the figure in the breadboard.

2. Connect the sinusoidal signal generator, set for a frequency of 600HZ as in the given
figure
3. Adjust the amplitude of the signal generator at 2.6V peak-to-peak.
4. Connect the oscilloscope probes Ch1 (sensibility 2/DIV) to the input and Ch2 (sensibility
5V/DIV) to the output of the circuit and time base 2ms/DIV.
5. Adjust the generator frequency value until location at the output U out the maximum
signal, out of phase of 180° as regards the input signal.
6. Measure the maximum output voltage.
7. Keep the input signal Uin = 1V peak-to-peak constant and record the frequency response
curve of the filter by measuring the output voltage Uout for the frequency values.
8. Record the upper cutoff frequency FH and the lower cutoff frequency fL in
correspondence of the points where the voltage results of 3dB, i.e. equal to the 70% of
the maximum pass-band value.
9. Observe in the figure the behavior of the active high pass filter when the frequency of
the input signal varies until about 100 kHz.

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ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Fig1.1 Active Low pass Simulation

10. Recreate the figure in the breadboard.

11. Connect the sinusoidal signal generator, set for a frequency of 20HZ as in the given
figure
12. Adjust the amplitude of the signal generator at 3.3V peak-to-peak.
13. Connect the oscilloscope probes Ch1 (sensibility 50ms/DIV) to the input and Ch2
(sensibility 5V/DIV) to the output of the circuit and time base 2ms/DIV.
14. Adjust the generator frequency value until location at the output U out the maximum
signal, out of phase of 180° as regards the input signal.
15. Measure the maximum output voltage.
16. Keep the input signal Uin = 1V peak-to-peak constant and record the frequency response
curve of the filter by measuring the output voltage Uout for the frequency values.
17. Record the upper cutoff frequency FH and the lower cutoff frequency fL in
correspondence of the points where the voltage results of 3dB, i.e. equal to the 70% of
the maximum pass-band value.
18. Observe in the figure the behavior of the active low pass filter when the frequency of
the input signal varies until about 100 kHz.

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ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

6. Data and Results:

7. Observation:

8. Interpretation:

9. Conclusion:

10. Assessment Task:

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ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

1) What is corner frequency of low pass filter?

2) What are the types of active filters?

3) Why is 3db cutoff frequency?

4.) What is the cutoff frequency of a high pass filter?

College of Engineering and Architecture – Electronics Engineering Department 7

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE

(Engineering Programs)

Student Outcome (a): Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering to solve complex engineering problems.

Computer Engineering
Program: _____________________ ECE 402
Course: ______________ CPE
Section: _______________ 1ST
______Semester 2018-2019
School Year _________________

Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Exemplary

Performance Indicators Score
1 2 3
1. Choose the appropriate The student does not know any The student can identify but fails The student correctly applies
mathematical, science, and mathematical, science, and to apply an appropriate an appropriate mathematical,
engineering principles in solving engineering principle that can be mathematical, science, and science, and engineering
problems in engineering. used to solve a given engineering principle to solve an principle to solve an
engineering problem. engineering problem. engineering problem.
2. Examine different approaches in The student uses a wrong The student can solve the The student is able to solve the
solving problems in engineering approach in solving problems in problem using a single approach. problem correctly using
and choose the most effective engineering. multiple approaches.
approach.
3. Apply the appropriate The student cannot solve a given The student applies The student applies the correct
mathematical, science, and engineering problem. mathematical, science, and mathematical, science, and
engineering principles to arrive at a engineering principle but does engineering principle to solve
solution not arrive at the correct answer. the problem and arrives at the
correct answer.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 9) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR ENGINEERING PROJECTS

(Engineering Programs)

Student Outcome (b): Identify, formulate and solve complex engineering problems.

Computer Engineering
Program: _____________________ ECE 402
Course: ______________ CPE
Section: _______________ 1ST
______Semester 2018-2019
School Year _________________

Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Exemplary

Performance Indicators Score
1 2 3
1. Ability to identify an engineering The problem is not identified The problem is stated but not The statement of the problem
problem clearly identified has been clearly and fully
(Statement of the Problem) identified.
2. Ability to formulate engineering Unable to formulate an Presents a general approach to Presents a detailed step by step
solutions to a given problem appropriate solution to the solve an engineering problem solution to solve an engineering
(Design/Research Methodology) problem problem
3. Ability to apply the best solution Not able to solve the given The solution to the problem The correct solution to the
to an engineering problem engineering problem has not been fully elaborated problem has been clearly
(Summary and Conclusion) derived and presented

Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 9) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR CONDUCT OF EXPERIMENTS

(Engineering Programs)

Student Outcome (d1): Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze, and interpret data, and synthesize information to provide valid conclusions for
investigating complex problems.

Program: Computer Engineering ECE 402

Course: _______________ Section: CPE 1ST Semester School Year ____________
2018-2019
Group Members:

Beginner Acceptable Proficient

Performance Indicators Score
1 2 3
1. Conduct experiments in accordance with Members do not follow good Members follow good and Members follow good and safe
good and safe laboratory practice. and safe laboratory practice safe laboratory practice most laboratory practice at all times
in the conduct of of the time in the conduct of in the conduct of experiments.
experiments. experiments.
2. Operate equipment and instruments with Members are unable to Members are able to operate
Members are able to operate
ease operate the equipment and equipment and instrument
the equipment and instruments
instruments. with supervision.
with ease and with minimum
supervision.
3. Analyze data, validate experimental The group has incomplete The group has complete data The group has complete data,
values against theoretical values to data. but has no analysis and valid validates experimental values
determine possible experimental errors, conclusion. against theoretical values, and
and provide valid conclusions. provides valid conclusion.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Score = (Total Score / 9) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR FINAL LABORATORY PROJECT

(Engineering Programs)

Student Outcome (d2): Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze, and interpret data, and synthesize information to provide valid conclusions for
investigating complex problems.

Program: Computer Engineering ECE 402

Course: _______________ Section: CPE 1ST Semester School Year _____________
2018-2019
Group Members:

Beginner Acceptable Proficient

Performance Indicators Score
1 2 3
1. Identify the procedures involved in Fails to design an experiment Designs an experiment Designs an experiment
designing an experiment following given procedures. satisfying the minimum exceeding the requirements of
requirements of the the procedures.
procedures.
2. Develop a protocol to conduct an Fails to develop a protocol to Develops a protocol to Develops a protocol to conduct
experiment conduct an experiment. conduct an experiment an experiment exceeding the
satisfying minimum requirements.
requirements.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 2)
Percentage Score = (Total Score / 6) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR MODERN TOOL USAGE

(Engineering Programs)

Student Outcome (e): Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice in complex engineering activities.

Computer Engineering
Program: _____________________ ECE 402
Course: ______________ CPE
Section: _______________ 1ST
______Semester 2018-2019
School Year _________________

Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Very Satisfactory

Performance Indicators Score
1 2 3 4
1. Apply appropriate Fails to identify any Identifies modern
Identifies modern Applies the most appropriate
techniques, skills, and modern techniques to techniques but fails to techniques and is able to modern technique in
modern tools to perform perform discipline- apply these in performing
apply these in performing performing discipline-
a discipline-specific specific engineering discipline-specific discipline-specific specific engineering task
engineering task. task. engineering task. engineering task. exceeding the requirements.
2. Demonstrate skills in Fails to apply any Attempts to apply modernShows ability to apply Shows ability to apply the
applying different modern tools to solve tools but has difficulties to
fundamental procedures most appropriate and
techniques and modern engineering problems. solve engineering
in using modern tools effective modern tools to
tools to solve problems. when solving solve engineering problems.
engineering problems. engineering problems.
3. Recognize the benefits Does not recognize the Recognizes some Recognizes the benefits Recognizes the need for
and constraints of benefits and benefits and constraints of and constraints of benefits and constraints of
modern engineering constraints of modern modern engineering tools. modern engineering modern engineering tools
tools. engineering tools. tools and shows intention and makes good use of
to apply them for them for engineering
engineering practice. practice.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 12) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM WORK

(Engineering Programs)

Student Outcome (i): Function effectively as an individual and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary setting.

Computer Engineering
Program: _____________________ ECE 402
Course: ______________ CPE
Section: _______________ 1ST
______Semester 2018-2019
School Year _________________

Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Very Satisfactory

Exemplary
Performance Indicators Score
1 2 3 4 5
1. Take responsibility as an Does not perform Performs very little Performs nearly all Performs
Performs all all
individual or as a team assigned task of the assigned assigned tasks assigned tasks
assigned tasks and
member fulfilling appropriate tasks extends help or
roles to assure team success. support to other
team members
2. Contribute useful inputs in Does not Contributes to the Contributes to the Contributes Consistently and
relation to the team’s contribute to the group only when group with knowledge, actively contributes
objective. group even when prompted occasional opinions, and skills knowledge,
prompted prompting without prompting opinions, and skills
3. Communicate freely to Does not share Shares Shares Shares Consistently and
teammates, give and provide information, information, information, information, actively shares a
feedback and suggestion to feedback, or feedback, or feedback, or feedback, or great deal of
improve team outputs. suggestions even suggestions only suggestions with suggestions information,
when prompted when prompted occasional without prompting feedback, or
prompting suggestions
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 15) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

(Engineering Programs)
Student Outcome (j): Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with various communities including engineering experts and society at
large using appropriate levels of discourse.
Computer Engineering
Program: _____________________ ECE 402
Course: ______________ CPE
Section: _______________ 1ST
______Semester 2018-2019
School Year _________________
Performance Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Very Satisfactory Exemplary
Score
Indicators 1 2 3 4 5
1. Express ideas Does not communicate Communicates Communicates important Clearly communicates Clearly and effectively
clearly his ideas clearly information as isolated information but not a clear the main idea or theme communicates the main
ideas in a random theme or over all structure and provides suitable idea or theme and
fashion support and detail provides support that
contains rich, vivid, and
powerful detail
2. Effectively Does not demonstrate Presents information in a Presents information in a Presents information in a Presents information in a
communicate with the ability to adjust tone style and tone style and tone style and tone consistent style and tone that
diverse audiences or style for different inappropriate for both inappropriate for the with the audience’s level effectively capitalized on
audiences audience’s level of audience’s level of interest of interest and level of the audience’s level of
interest and level of or the audience’s level of knowledge or interest and level of
knowledge knowledge understanding knowledge or
understanding
3. Effectively Uses only one method of Uses one method and Attempts to use two Uses of two different Uses multiple methods of
communicate in a communication when correctly applies the methods of methods of communication, applying
variety of ways more than one method is conventions and rules of communication, but does communication, applying the conventions and rules
clearly needed or that method not apply the conventions the conventions and rules of those methods in
requested and does not and rules of those of those methods in highly creative and
correctly apply the methods customary ways imaginative ways
conventions and rules of
that method
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 15) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Engr. Reginald Phelps Laguna

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date