[Main Menu]

[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117

[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Section,
Sub-Section, Page
Subject
072.00.00

ENGINE - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION ................................................................................................. 1

1. GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................. 1
2. DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1. Main Data ................................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 1 Engine Longitudinal Section (Sheet 1 of 2) ............................................................................. 3
Figure 1 Engine Longitudinal Section (Sheet 2 of 2) ............................................................................. 4
2.2. Altitude Performance and Throttle Characteristics .......................................................................... 6
2.3. Basic Operational Limitations ....................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2 Maximum Permissible Observed Turbine Inlet Gas Temperature at Starting ............................... 7
2.4. Brief Description of Engine ........................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3 Engine Accessory Drives Gear Train Diagram ........................................................................ 12
3. OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................ 13
4. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ON ENGINE OPERATION......................................................................................... 13
5. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES...................................................................................................................... 13

EFEECTIVITY:
ALL
 [Main Menu]
[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117
[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1

ENGINE - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1. General
Turbo shaft engine TB3-117 (Ref. Fig. 1) is intended for mounting in the helicopter. As for its basic
specifications and performance, the engine meets the acting technical requirements applicable to the engines
of this class.

The TB3-117 engine is operated as a part of the helicopter power plant that incorporates two engines. The
right-hand (RH) and the left-hand (LH) engines of the power plant are interchangeable provided the exhaust
stack is turned as required to alternative position.

The turbo shaft engine features a free (power) turbine which is mechanically independent of the gas
generator (gg) rotor. The power developed by the free (power) turbine is transmitted to the main gearbox
and constitutes the effective power of the engine.

This feature gives a number of design and operational advantages:

- Permits to obtain a required rotational speed of the free (power) turbine (N ft) irrespective of the engine gas
generator rotor rotational speed (NGG).
- Facilitates the cranking of the gas generator rotor in the course of engine starting.
- Permits to obtain optimum fuel flows at various operational conditions of the engine.
- Eliminates the need to incorporate a friction clutch in the helicopter power plant.

The engine may be operated in the helicopter both with a dust-protection device (DPD) fitted to the air intake
and with the dust-protection device removed (Ref. Book 3).

Some engine models may be provided with a shield-exhaust unit.

The engine incorporates the following major assemblies and systems:

- Axle flow compressor (Ref. 072.30.00).

- Combustion chamber (Ref. 072.40.00).
- Turbine assembly (Ref. 072.50.00).
- Exhaust section (Ref. 072.58.00).
- Accessory drives (Ref. 072.60.00).
- Oil and breather system (Ref. 072.90.00).
- Fuel system (Ref. 073.00.00).
- Air off take system (Ref. 075.00.00).
- Engine monitoring instruments (Ref. 077.00.00).
- Starting system (Ref. 080.00.00).

EFEECTIVITY: 072.00.00
ALL Nov 25/09
 [Main Menu]
TB3 - 117 [EMM Book1 TOC]
SPAF–TB3EMM–1 ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL [Chapter 72 TOC]

2. Description
2.1. Main Data
2.1.1. Model………………………………………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3,072.00.00
2.1.2. Type………………………………………………………………………………………………Turbo shaft, with free
(power) turbine
2.1.3. Direction of rotation of gas generator rotor (looking forward) ………………Left-hand
2.1.4. Direction of rotation of free (power) turbine rotor
(looking forward) ……………………………………………………………………………Left-hand
2.1.5. Oil system………………………………………………………………………………………Force-feed, circulatory, with
separate scavenge from each
support assembly
2.1.6. Starting system…………………………………………………………………………………Pneumatic
2.1.7. Anti-icing system………………………………………………………………………………Hot air, automatic with
manual duplication
2.1.8. Engine mass……………………………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3,072.00.00
2.1.9. Engine overall dimensions:
- Length with accessories and exhaust stack………………………………………2055 mm
- Length from front flange to flange intended for engine
attachment to main gearbox……………………………………………………………1736.5 mm
- Width……………………………………………………………………………………………660mm
- Height……………………………………………………………………………………………728 mm
2.1.10. Engine basic parameters at various power conditions…………………………Ref. Book 3,072.00.00
2.1.11. Operation conditions………………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3,072.00.00
2.1.12 Engine starting is ensured up to altitude of 4000 m within following OAT ranges:
- At H = 0………………………………………………………………………………………From -60 to +60 °C
- At H = 4000 m………………………………………………………………………………From -60 to +30 °C

CAUTION: AT ENGINE OIL OUTLET TEMPERATURE BELOW MINUS 40 °C, ENGINE STARTING ATTEMPT

MAY BE CARRIED OUT ONLY AFTER PRE-HEATING THE ENGINE.

 [Main Menu]
[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117
[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1

3 4

14 15 16 17
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13

2 18

24

23 22 20 19
21

Figure 1 Engine Longitudinal Section (Sheet 1 of 2)

 [Main Menu]
TB3 - 117 [EMM Book1 TOC]
SPAF–TB3EMM–1 ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL [Chapter 72 TOC]

1. Inlet Fairing with Mounting Bracket

2. First Support Assembly
3. External Drive Gearbox
4. Air Starter
5. Compressor
6. Second Support Assembly
7. Fuel Manifold with Main Fuel Nozzle
8. Ignition Plug
9. Combustion Chamber
10. Thermocouple
11. Compressor Turbine
12. Third Support Assembly
13. Free (Power) Turbine
14. Fourth Support Assembly
15. Free Turbine Speed Governor Drive Assembly
16. Fifth Support Assembly
17. Exhaust Stack
18. Torsion Shaft
19. Drain Valve
20. Hydraulic Power Cylinder with Limit Switch
21. Air Bleed Valve
22. VGV Control Linkage
23. Lower Oil Pump Block
24. Internal Drive Gearbox

NOTE. On some engine models inlet fairing (1) may not be fitted, while assembly (15) on engines
manufactured up to January 1, 1981 may have a different design (Ref. 072.53.00).

Figure 1 Engine Longitudinal Section (Sheet 2 of 2)

 [Main Menu]
[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117
[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1

2.1.13. Time required for engine to reach idle power after depression
of starting button ………………………………………………………………………………………………60 s, max.

2.1.14. Time required for engine to reach takeoff power after depression
of starting button……………………………………………………………………………………………….3 min, max.

2.1.15. Serviceability of the engine is ensured with the use of the following grades of fuel and oil:
Fuel………………………………………………TC-1 and PT according to State Standard ГОСТ 10227-86.
Oil…………………………………………………Б-ЗВ according to Specification ТУ 38.101295-85;
ЛЗ-240 according to Specification ТУ 301-04-010-92
(ZAVOD IM. SHAUMYANA CJSC).

Oils used for preservation of the fuel system:

MC-8PK according to Specification ТУ 38.1011181-88.
МС-8П according to Standard OCT 38.01163-78.
MK-8 according to State Standard ГОСТ 6457-66.
Transformer oil TK according to State Standard ГОСТ 982-80.

The foreign analogs of fuels, fuel additives, working and preservative oils are given in Appendix 4.

NOTES: 1. The engine may be operated on mixtures of the above-mentioned fuels in any proportion.
2. The conditions for use of fuel TC-1 having the solidification temperature of minus 50 °C are
indicated in the helicopter Maintenance Manual.

3. To prevent formation of ice crystals at a temperature of 0 °C and below, it is required to add

the fuel additive - commercial ethyl cello solve of the extra grade and grade 1 according to
State Standard ГОСТ 8313-88 (fluid «И») or the additive of grade AL-31 (S-748) according to
the Specifications given in Appendix 4 in the quantity prescribed by the respective instructions
on their use and in compliance with the instructions laid down in the helicopter Maintenance
Manual.
4. Peculiarities of in-service usage of different oil grades are given in Section 072.90.00.
5. The engine oil tank is filled through the filling filter with cells not exceeding 0.063X0.063 mm.
6. The storage term of oils Б-3В and ЛЗ-240 in the manufacturer’s container is 5 years starting
from the day of manufacture.
7. For the particular engine modification, the fuels and oils indicated in Book 3 may be used.
8. It is allowed to use the PT fuel which contains 0.003 to 0.004% of its weight as the Агидол
(Agidol) fuel additive (ТУ 38.101617-86) and 0.003 to 0.0035% of its weight as the Hitec-580
anti-wear additive.
 [Main Menu]
TB3 - 117 [EMM Book1 TOC]
SPAF–TB3EMM–1 ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL [Chapter 72 TOC]

2.1.16. Acceleration time when advancing engine throttle lever within 1 to 2 s:

- From idle to takeoff…………………………………………………………………………9 s, max.
- From cruise I to takeoff……………………………………………………………………4 s, max.

2.2. Altitude Performance and Throttle Characteristics………………………………………Ref. Book 3,072.00.00

2.3. Basic Operational Limitations

2.3.1. Permissible time of engine operation (including continuous

operation) at various power conditions within service life…………………………Ref. Book 3,072.00.00

2.3.2. Minimum time intervals between repeated accelerations to max.

continuous power (and above) following engine continuous
operation over maximum permissible time………………………………………………5 min

2.3.3. Max. acceptable values of engine measured parameters at various

power conditions at all altitudes and speeds of flight……………………………Ref. Book 3,072.00.00

2.3.4. Deviation or fluctuation of gas generator rotor rotational speed at

steady-state power conditions:
- Max. continuous and cruise I power……………………………………………………±0.5 %
- Cruise II power and below…………………………………………………………………±0.7 %

2.3.5. Difference in rotational speed of gas generator rotors during

concurred operation of both engines:
- At cruise I and max. continuous power with control lever
NMR (пНв) in the middle position (change-over) ………………………………………2 %, max.
- At transient conditions…………………………………………………………………………Not specified
- On actuation of gas temperature controller……………………………………………3 %, max.

2.3.6. Max. permissible (observed) turbine inlet gas temperature at starting…………Ref. Fig. 2

2.3.7. Deflection or fluctuation of gas temperature indicator pointer (for

one engine) at steady-state power conditions without exceeding
max. permissible gas temperature……………………………………………………………±25 °C

2.3.8. Permissible reduction in main rotor RPM relative to stabilized

RPM in flight…………………………………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00.

 [Main Menu]
[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117
[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1

TIT, °c
800

780

760

740

720

700

680

660

640

620

600 OAT, °c
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 2 Maximum Permissible Observed Turbine Inlet Gas Temperature at Starting

 [Main Menu]
TB3 - 117 [EMM Book1 TOC]
SPAF–TB3EMM–1 ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL [Chapter 72 TOC]
2.3.9. Permissible increase in main rotor RPM relative to
stabilized RPM in flight……………………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00

2.3.10. Max. permissible main rotor RPM which, if attained,

Necessitate replacement of free turbine to permit further
operation of engine………………………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00

2.3.11. Max. permissible oil level (by oil quantity gauge sight glass) ……………………11 liter

2.3.12. Min. permissible oil level…………………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00

2.3.13. Location of air off take to air-conditioning and anti-icing

systems of helicopter, amounts of air off take to helicopter
systems, and OAT at which air off take is permitted…………………………………Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00

2.3.14. Engine outlet oil temperature:

- Maximum…………………………………………………………………………………………+150 °C
- Minimum for acceleration to power condition above idling………………………+30 °C
- Recommended……………………………………………………………………………………From +80 to +140 °C
- Minimum for continuous operation at cruise II power and above……………+70 °C

2.3.15. Oil consumption……………………………………………………………………………………0.3 ltr/h, max.

2.3.16. Oil pressure:

- At idle power………………………………………………………………………………………2 kgf/cm2, min.
- At power settings above idle power……………………………………………………… (3.5±0.5) kgf/cm
- During engine warm-up at idle power
(oil temperature being below +70 °C) …………………………………………………4.8 kgf/cm2, max.

2.3.17. Fluctuation of oil pressure (by pressure gauge) within

acceptable limits at all steady-state power conditions………………………………±0.25 kgf/cm2

2.3.18. Centrifugal fuel pump fuel inlet pressure…………………………………………………Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00

2.3.19. Number of consecutive starting attempts…………………………………………………Five, max., to be followed

by minimum interval of
15 min

2.3.20. Gas generator rotor coast-down time:

- Up to complete stop……………………………………………………………………………40 s, min.
- Up to NGG = 5%…………………………………………………………………………………30 s, min.
 [Main Menu]
[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117
[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1
2.3.21. Time limits for engine and engine accessories…………………………………………As stated in engine Log Book

2.3.22. Gas temperature controller setting………………………………………………………… (985±5) °C

2.3.23. Compressor VIGV and VGV setting angles

(by VGV setting angle dial) ……………………………………………………………………Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00

2.4. Brief Description of Engine

General view of the engine is presented in Figures 3 and 4 (Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00) while its longitudinal
section is shown in Figure 1.

The engine compressor is an axial-flow, twelve-stage unit featuring variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV),
variable guide vanes (VGV) of the compressor stator first four stages, and two valves bleeding air from
the 7th stage of the compressor.

The compressor easing comprises four circular casings providing accommodation to the VGV's of the first
four stages of the compressor stator, the stages 5 through 11 guide vane assemblies (each split in two
halves) and the compressor wheels’ stage rings, and a compressor outlet guide vane assembly.
The compressor casing is attached with its front flange to the first support assembly housing and with its
rear flange to the flange of the combustion chamber diffuser outer casing.

The compressor rotor is a drum-end-disc structure.

All compressor discs, excepting the stage 1 disc, are welded together. The stage 1 disc is attached to the
drum. The attachment of the blades is effected by a dovetail type blade attachment. The front roller
bearing of the rotor is mounted inside the housing of the first support assembly while the rotor rear ball
bearing is fitted within the housing of the second support assembly which is secured to the outlet guide
vane assembly.

The compressor turbine torque is transmitted to the compressor rotor through the internal splines of the
rotor shaft rear end.

The housing of the first support assembly serves to shape the air flow duct in front of the compressor, to
provide accommodation to the VIGV's, the external drive gearbox, internal drive gearbox, oil pump block
and other engine accessories.

The combustion chamber is of the annular type and incorporates and outer and inner diffuser casings, a
flame tube and a fuel manifold comprising twelve fuel nozzles.

The fuel nozzles are of a two-jet, duplex, centrifugal type.

The turbine assembly includes a compressor turbine and a free (power) turbine mechanically independent
of each other.
 [Main Menu]
TB3 - 117 [EMM Book1 TOC]
SPAF–TB3EMM–1 ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL [Chapter 72 TOC]
The compressor turbine is an axial-flow, two-stage unit and consists of a stator and a rotor.

The. stator consists of a casing, two nozzle guide vane (NGV) assemblies, and outer rings surrounding
the stages 1 and 2 wheels. The stages 1 and 2 NGV's are of a hollow, air-cooled type.

The compressor turbine rotor incorporates two discs coupled by face splines and tightened together by
twelve bolts. The rotor blades are secured in the discs by a fir tree type blade attachment.

The rotor blades are provided at the tips with platforms which form a ring-shaped shroud around the
periphery of the rotor wheels.

The faces of the discs, the attachment and roots of the blades are cooled with air supplied from the zone
of the combustion chamber secondary air.

The turbine rotor rests with its centralizing shoulder on the compressor shaft rear end acting as a
turbine rotor front support assembly.

The roller bearing supporting the turbine rotor shaft rear end formed in the stage 2 disc serves as a rear
support of the turbine rotor.

The free (power) turbine is an axial-flow, two-stage unit comprising a stator and a rotor.

The turbine stator consists of a casing, two NGV assemblies and two outer rings surrounding the rotor
blades.

The free turbine rotor includes two discs coupled by face splines and tightened together by twelve bolts.
The design and attachment of the rotor blades are identical to those of the compressor turbine rotor
blades. The stages 1 and 2 discs are cooled by the air bled from the seventh stage of the compressor.

The free turbine rotor is a cantilever unit running in two support assemblies, the front one being a ball
bearing (the engine fourth support assembly) and the rear one, a roller bearing (the fifth support
assembly of the engine).

The power of the free turbine is transmitted to the coupling shaft via splines made in the stage 2-disc
extension.

The exhaust stack serves to discharge the gas into atmosphere.

The mechanical diagram of the engine drives is given in Figure 3.

The engine oil system is of the open-loop type employing forced oil circulation. The supply of the lube oil
is effected by a pressure section of the oil pump-block. The oil scavenged from the first support
assembly of the engine and the internal drive gearbox by two scavenge pumps of the oil pump block and
from external drive gearbox by a separate oil scavenge pump is delivered directly to the oil tank.
 [Main Menu]
[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117
[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1
The oil scavenged from the second, third, fourth, and fifth support assemblies of the engine by three oil
scavenge pumps of the oil pump block is directed first to the helicopter oil cooler and then to the oil
tank. Pitted in the oil scavenge line is a chip detector.

The breathing of the support assemblies is effected via the oil pumps into the oil tank that is
communicated with atmosphere.

The engine starting is carried out automatically. The gas generator rotor is cranked by an air starter
mounted- on the external drive gearbox.

The АИ-9В (АИ-9) engine is used as a compressed air source, for cranking of the air starter.

The engine starting procedure is controlled by an engine auto start control unit installed in the helicopter
and the engine fuel flow control equipment.

The engine attachment in the helicopter is effected by means of engine mounting attachments located
on the engine front attachment flange and a rear flange located on a flange of the engine load-bearing
cone.

The performance parameters of the engine and engine systems are monitored in the helicopter by:

- Instruments permitting to assess the values of the parameters indicative of the condition of the engine
and its systems as well as the power condition.
- Annunciators providing indication of either normal operation or malfunctioning of the engine and its
systems (Ref. Book 3, 072.00.00, Table 5).

The engine carries only transducers that serve to convert engine parameters into electrical signals. The
remaining equipment, that is, instruments, indicators, warning and indicating lights, annunciators, and
converters, are fitted in the fuselage and the flight compartment.

Given below are parameters used for visual monitoring of functioning of the engine and its systems:

- Gas generator rotational speed (NGG).

- Main rotor rotational speed (NMR).
- Compressor turbine inlet gas temperature (TIT).
- Engine oil inlet pressure (Poil)
- Engine oil outlet temperature (Toil).
- Engine power condition.

NOTE: The main rotor tach generator is fitted on the main gearbox.
 [Main Menu]
TB3 - 117 [EMM Book1 TOC]
SPAF–TB3EMM–1 ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL [Chapter 72 TOC]

13 14

External drive gearbox

oil scavenge pump
Ref. Number of
teeth Pitch
15 No.
1 27 1.5
12 2 13 1.5
Gas generator rotor tach generator drive, 3 28 2.061
RH rotation, N= 2495.2 RPM 11 4 33 2.5
Overrunning jaw clutch 5 28 2.5
6 37 2
Air starter, RH rotation, 7 19 2.5
i = 2.25
10 16 8 49 2.5
Free drive, LH rotation,
N=8911.5 RPM 9 29 2
17 10 35 2
9 11 36 2
FCU drive, LH rotation,
N = 4024.5 RPM 12 13 1.25
8 Free turbine speed governor 13 65 1.25
drive, N = 4020.1 RPM 14 32 2
7
18 15 25 2
External drive gearbox 16 28 2
19 Manual cranking drive, 17 62 2
6 LH rotation, i = 2.2
18 28 2
Centrifugal fuel pump drive, 20 19 29 2
LH rotation, N= 8911.5 RPM
20 17 2
ДЧВ speed inductive 21
transducer inductor drive 21 15 2
Flexible shaft
5 22 22 1.5
23 48 1.75
4 23 24 24 17 1.75
25 44 2
3 Free (power) turbine shaft,
N = 15000 RPM 26 38 2
27 13 1.5
Internal drive gearbox ДТА speed inductive
transducer inductor drive 28 60 1.25
29 19 1.25
2 25 26 30 49 2
28 29 Alternative version of design
of flexible shaft drive assy. 31 47 2
Oil pump block reduction gear
1 Compressor turbine
shaft, N= 19,537.5 RPM 30
22
31
Oil pumps drive, N=5753.7RPM
27

Figure 3 Engine Accessory Drives Gear Train Diagram

 [Main Menu]
[EMM Book1 TOC] TB3 - 117
[Chapter 72 TOC] ENGINE MAINTENANCE MANUAL SPAF–TB3EMM–1

3. Operation

The air entering the engine inlet passes through the housing of the first support assembly and flows into the
compressor. Inside the compressor the air is compressor and then admitted into the combustion chamber
wherein it gets mixed with the fuel atomized by the fuel nozzles to produce a fuel-air mixture. As the result
of combustion of the fuel-air mixture, the temperature of the gas flow rises. The gas is then delivered to the
compressor turbine where the energy of the gases is converted into mechanical work used for driving the
compressor rotor and engine accessories. Then the gases flow into the free (power) turbine. The torque
produced by the free (power) turbine is transmitted to the main gearbox. On passing the free (power) turbine,
the gases decelerate in the exhaust stack and discharge into atmosphere.

4. General Instructions on Engine Operation

4.1. The general instructions on engine operation are described in Book 3,072.00.00.

4.2. During operation and maintenance of the engine and its systems, use the installation tool set, set of spare
parts supplied with each engine and the tool set supplied with the engine bearing the even number in
accordance with the List enclosed in the airborne tool kit.

5. Emergency Procedures
The engine performance parameters and indication of its functioning shall be in compliance with the
established acceptance standards.
If any malfunctions are noticed in engine operation (by engine monitoring instruments or warning system),
proceed in accordance with the requirements laid down in the Flight Manual observing the requirements
detailed in Book 3.