Important maths for written

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Solved by : Md Helal uddin

1) A cistern can be filled by two taps A and

B coming from the same main pipeline in 20
and 30 minutes respectively. Both the taps
are opened at the same time but due to
partial closing of a valve in the main
pipeline, tap A was supplying only 4/5th of
its capacity and tap B, 5/6th of its capacity.
After some time, the valve in the main
pipeline was opened fully thereby enabling
the two taps to supply at full capacity. It
took another 5 minutes to fill the cistern
completely. How long (approx) was it before

Solution :
Let , The total capacity be 60 units (LCM of 20 and 30)
Efficiency of A => (60/20) = 3 units per minute
Efficiency of B => (60/30) = 2 units per minute
In 5 minutes , Filled by (A+B) => [(3+2)*5] = 25 units
Remaining Capacity => (60 - 25) = 35 units
Now , A was supplying only 4/5 th of his capacity i.e. Efficiency of A => 3*(4/5) = 12/5 units
B was supplying only 5/6 th his capacity i.e. Efficiency of B => 2*(5/6) = 5/3 units
Now ,
Total Efficiency of (A+B) => (12/5 + 5/3) = 61/15 units per minute
So , Tap - A and Tap - B opened with valve in => [(35*15)/61] = 8(37/61) minute 9 min

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2) A tank is filled by three pipes with

uniform flow. The first two pipes operating
simultaneously fill the tank in the same time
during which the tank is filled by the third
pipe alone. The second pipe fills the tank 5
hours faster than the first pipe and 4 hours
slower than the third pipe. Find the time
required by the first pipe to fill the tank?

Solution :
Let , The first pipe takes time T hours
So , The second pipe takes time => (T - 5)
The third pipe takes time => (T - 5 - 4) i.e. (T-9)
Now , According to the question
ATQ , 1/T + 1/(T-5) = 1/(T-9)
=> (2T - 5)/(T² - 5T) = 1/(T-9)
=> T² - 18T + 45 = 0
=> T² - 15T - 3T + 45 = 0
=> T(T-15) - 3(T-15) = 0
=> (T - 15)(T-3) = 0
Now , T = 15 and T = 3 [ is not allowed ]

Short cut :
=======
Third pipe takes time => 4*(5+4) = 6
So , A takes time => (6+9) = 15 hours

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3) A bath can be filled by the cold water

pipe in 20 minutes and by the hot water pipe
in 30 minutes. A person leaves the bathroom
after turning on both pipes simultaneously
and returns at the moment when the bath
should be full. Finding, however, that the
waste pipe has been open, he now closes it.
In 6 minutes more the bath is full. In what
time would the waste pipe empty it?

Solution :
Let , The capacity be 60 units (LCM of 20 and 30)
Efficiency of cold water pipe => (60/20) = 3 units per minute
Efficiency of hot water pipe => (60/30) = 2 units per minute
They takes time to filled the tank in => [60/(2+3)] = 12 minutes
They takes 6 minute more after closing waste pipe .
In 6 minute , They filled the tank at (6*5) = 30 units
Remaining 30 units , Filled by (cold water + hot water pipe + waste pipe)
So , Efficiency of Waste pipe => [5 - (30/12) i.e. 2.5 units per minute
So , Waste pipe takes time to empty it in => (60/2.5) i.e. 24 minute

Short cut :
=======
Total work => 60 units
Required T for Two => (30*20)/(30+20) = 12 minute
In 6 minutes , They filled half i.e. 30 units
In 12 minute , 30 units out by Waste pipe
So , In 24 minute , 60 units out by waste pipe
So , Required time for waste pipe 24 min

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4) A tank has three pipes. The first pipe

can fill 1/2part of the tank in 1 hour and the
second pipe can fill 1/3 part in 1 hour. The
third pipe is for making the tank empty.
When all the three pipes are open, 7/12th
part of the tank is filled in 1 hours. How
much time will the third pipe take to empty
the completely filled tank

Solution :

Let , The third pipe takes time to empty the tank in T hours .
In 1 hours , emptied by third pipe => 1/T part
Now , According to the question
ATQ , 1/2 + 1/3 - 1/T = 7/12
=> (3T+2T-6)/6T = 7/12
=> 60T - 72 = 42T
=> 18T = 72
=> T = 4 hours
So , The third pipe takes time to empty the tank in 4 hours

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5) A booster pump can be used or filling

and emptying a tank. The capacity of the
tank is 2400 m³.The emptying capacity of the
pump is 10 m³ per minute higher than its
filling capacity and the pump needs 8
minutes lesser to empty the tank than it need
to fill it. What is the filling capacity of the
pump?

Solution :
Let , the filling capacity of the pump be A
Now , According to the question
2400/A - 2400/(A+10) = 8
=> (2400A + 24000 - 2400A)/A² + 10A = 8
=> 8A² + 80A - 24000 = 0
=> A² + 10A - 3000 = 0
=> A² + 60A - 50A - 3000 = 0
=> A(A+60) - 50(A+60) = 0
=> (A+60)(A-50) = 0
Now , A = - 60 [-ve signs not allowed]
or A - 50 = 0 , A = 50
So , The filling capacity of the pump 50 m³ per minute

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6) Pipe A can fill a Tank in 18 Hours, Pipe B

can empty a Tank in 12 Hours, Pipe C can fill
Tank in 6 Hours. The Tank is already filled up
to 1/6 of its capacity. Now Pipe A is opened in
the First Hour alone, Pipe B is opened in the
Second Hour alone and Pipe C is opened in the
Third Hour alone. This cycle is repeated until
the Tank gets filled. Then in How many Hours
does the rest of Tank gets filled?

Solution :
Let , The capacity be 36 units (LCM of 18 , 12 , 6)
Efficiency of A => (36/18) = 2 units per hour
Efficiency of B => (36/12) = 3 units per hour
Efficiency of C => (36/6) = 6 units per hour
The tank is already filled up to 1/6 th of capacity i.e. 36*(1/6) = 6 units
So , Have to fill => (36-6) = 30 units
As , B empties the tank so Efficiency of B is -ve sign
Now , (2 - 3 + 6) i.e. 5 units , Filled in 3 hours
Then , 30 units , filled in => (30*3)/5 = 18 hours
So , The rest of tank gets filled in 18 hours

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7) Pipe A and B can fill a Tank alone in 48

Hours and 24 Hours respectively. Another Pipe
C can empty the same Tank alone in 36 Hours.
In an empty Tank for the First hour, Pipe A is
opened alone, Second Hour pipe B is opened
alone, Third Hour pipe C is opened alone. This
process is continued until the Tank is filled.
Then Pipe B is opened for How many Hours?

Solution :
Let , The capacity be 144 units (LCM of 48 , 24 , 36)
So , Efficiency of A => (144/48) = 3 units per hour
Efficiency of B => (144/24) = 6 units per hour
Efficiency of C => (144/36) = 4 units per hour (C can empty the tank , so Eff of C is -ve sign)
They opened alternately ,
So , Work period => (A) + (B) + (-C) + ········
Now , [ (3) + (6) - (4) ] i.e. 5 units , done in 3 hours
Then , 140 units , done in => (3*140)/5 = 84 hours
In 84 hours , B works at (84/3) i.e 28 hours
Remaining 3 units => done by A in 1 hours
Again , 1 unit is done by B in (1/6) hours
So , B works in => [28+(1/6)] = 28(1/6) hours i.e. 28 hours 10 minute

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8) Three pipes A, B and C can fill the cistern

in 10, 12, and 15 hours respectively. In how
much time the cistern will be full if A is
operated for the whole time and B and C are
operated alternately which B being first?

Solution :

Let , The total capacity be 60 units (LCM of 10 , 12 , 15)

So , Efficiency of A => (60/10) = 6 units per hour
Efficiency of B => (60/12) = 5 units per hour
Efficiency of C => (60/15) = 4 units per hour
As , A is operated for whole time But B and C operated alternately and B starts first
So , Work period : (A+B) + (A+C) + ·········
Now , (6+5) + (6+4) i.e. 21 units , done in 2 hours
Then , 42 units , done in 4 hours
Remaining work => (60-42) = 18 units
Here , 11 units , done by (A+B) in 1 hour
And Remaining 7 units , done by (A+C) in (7/10) hour
So , Total time => [4+1+(7/10)] = 5(7/10) hours
===========

9) If A and B work together can complete a work in 8/5 days. A started the work alone and
completed. 50% of the work and left the work then B started the work alone and finished the rest
of work. They took total 5 days to complete the work. Then in how many days B can complete the
work if A is more efficient than B?

Solution :
Let , The total work be
LCM of (8/5 and 5) = 8
Efficiency Of (A+B) => 5
and 4/B + 4/(5-B) = 5
=> 20 = 25B - 5B²
=> B² - 5B + 4 = 0
=> B² - 4B - B + 4 =0
=> B(B - 4) - 1(B - 4) = 0
=> (B - 4)(B - 1) = 0
As , Efficiency of B is less than A
So , Efficiency of B => 1
B takes time => (8/1) i.e. 8 days

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10) ‘B’ is 50% less efficient than ‘A’ and ‘C’ is 25% more efficient than ‘B’. ‘B’ alone can complete
the work in 60 days. If ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ together started the work, ‘A’ left 1 day before and ‘B’ left 6 days
before completion of work, then find number of days for which ‘A’ worked?

Solution :

Efficiency , A : B : C = 8 : 4 : 5
Total work => (60*4) = 240 units
In 1 days , done work by C => (1*5) = 5 units.
Remaining work => (240 - 5) = 235 units.
Again , In (6-1) i.e. 5 days , Done work by (A+C) => (13*5) = 65 units.
Now , Remaining work => (235 - 65) = 170 units.
This 170 units is done by (A+B+C) in => (170/17) = 10 days
So , A works in (10+5) i.e. 15 days

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11) Tap A fills a tank in 40 mins while Tap-C empties that 1/3rd the rate at which A fills it.At 12:00
noon,A and C are simultaneously started and when the tank is 50% full,Tap- A is turned off.At
what time will the tank be empty?

Solution :

Time ratio , C : A = 3 : 1 = 120 : 40

So , Efficiency , A : C = 3 : 1
Now , 120*(1/2) = (3 - 1)*T
=> T = 30 min.
Again , 120*(1/2) = 1*T
=> T = 60 min.
So , Total Time spent (30 + 60) = 90 min.
Now , The tank will empty = (12 PM. + 1 hours 30 min.) i.e. 1 : 30 P.M

Solution : 2
Time ratio , A : C = 40 : 120
Now , Required T for 50% filled = [(40*120)/(120 - 40)]*(1/2) = 30 min.
Again , To empty 50% , Required T = [120*(1/2)] = 60 min.
So , Total T = (30 + 60) = 90 min. i.e. 1 hours 30 min.
So , The tank will empty = (12 P.M + 1 hours 30 min.) i.e. 1 : 30 P.M

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12 ) Working together B and C take 50% more number of days than A, B and C together take and
A and B working together, take 8/3 more number of days than A, B and C take together. If A, B
and C all have worked together till the completion of the work and B has received Rs. 120 out of
total earnings of Rs, 450, then in how many days did A, B and C together complete the whole
work?

Solution :

Efficiency , (B+C) : (A+B+C) = 2 : 3

So , Efficiency of A = (3 - 2) = 1
Now , 3 part 450 , Then 1 part (450*1)/3 = 150
So , A gets 150 Tk.
C gets 450 - (150+120) = 180
Efficiency , A : B : C = 5 : 4 : 6
Days ratio , A : B : C = 12 : 15 : 10
Now , 12*5 = (5+4+6)*D
D = 4 days

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13) Two men and women are entrusted with a task. The second man needs three hours more to
cope up with the job than the 1st man and the women would need working together. The 1st man,
working alone, would need as much time as second man and the women working together. The
first man working alone, would spend eight hours less than the double period of the time second
man would spend workig alone, how much time would the two men and the wonen need to
complete the task if they all asked together.?

Solution :

M : (M + W) = (T+3) : T [Time]
Given , M = M + W
So , M = T
Again , M = 2*M - 8
T = 2*(T+3) - 8
T = 2 hours.
So , M needs 2 hours to complete the whole work .
As , M = M + W , So ,( M + W ) need 2 hours to complete the whole work .
So , Efficiency , M : (M + W) = 2 : 2 = 1 : 1
Now , 1*2 = (1+1)*T
T = 1 hours.

Boat and stream (Important maths)

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1) The speed of Boat in Still water is 40

Km/hr and speed of the stream is 20 Km/hr.
The distance between Point A and Point B is
480 Km. The boat started traveling
downstream from A to B, in the midway, it is
powered by an Engine due to which speed of
the Boat increased. Now Boat reached Point
B and started back to point A with help of the
same engine. It took 19 hours for the entire
journey. Then with the help of the engine, the
speed of the boat increased by how many
Km/hr?

Solution :
Let , The increased speed be S km/hr
Downstream speed => (40+20) = 60 km/hr. and Upstream speed => (40-20) = 20 km/hr.
Now , 240/(60+S) + 480/(20+S) = 19 - 240/60
=> [240(20+S) + 480(60+S) / (60+S)(20+S)] = 15
=> 15S² + 480S - 15600 = 0
=> S² + 32S - 1040 = 0
=> S² + 52S - 20S - 1040 = 0
=> S(S+52) - 20(S+52) = 0
=> (S+52) (S-20) = 0
Now , S + 52 = 0
=> S = -52 [-ve sign neglected]
or S - 20 = 0
=> S = 20
So , Increased speed of Boat 20 km/hr

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A man rows to a certain place and comes

back, but by mistake he covers 1/3rd more
distance while coming back. The total time
for this journey is 10 hours. The ratio of
speed of boat to that of stream is 2 : 1. If
the difference between upstream and
downstream speed is 12km/hr, then how
much time will the man take to reach to
starting point from his present position?

Solution :

Details solution :
=============
Let , The speed of Boat and stream be 2S and S respectively.
Now , (2S + S) - (2S - S) = 12
=> S = 6
So , Up stream speed => 6 km/hr and down stream speed => 3*6 = 18 km/hr.
Let , The distance be D km
So , more covered distance => (4/3)*D = 4D/3
Now , D/18 + 4D/(3*6) = 10
=> 5D = 10*18
=> D = 36 km
As , He covered more distance , So , more distance => 36*(1/3) = 12 km
Now , If he wants to reach starting point , He has to cover 12 km with stream .
So , Required T => (12/18)*60 = 40 min.

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Only a single rail track exists between stations A and B on a railwav line. One hour after the north
bound superfast train N leaves station A for station B, a south bound passenger train S reaches
station A from station B. The speed of the superfast train is twice that of a normal express train E,
while the speed of a passenger train S is half that of E On a particular day N leaves for station B
from station A, 20 mins behind the normal schedule. In order to maintain the schedule, both V and
S increased their speeds. If the superfast train doubles its speed, what should be the ratio
(approximately) of the speed of passenger train to that of the superfast train so that passenger
train S reaches exactly at the scheduled time at station A on that day .

Solution :

Speed ratio , N : E = 2 : 1
Speed ratio , S : E = 1 : 2
Now, N : E : S = 4 : 2 : 1
Double speed of N = (4*2) = 8
Now, 20 min. i.e 1/3 hr.
So, Time ratio , N : S = 2 : 3
Speed ratio = 3 : 2
ATQ, 2*8*S/ (8+ S) = (2*2*3)/5
S = 1.4 kmph
Now, Speed ratio, N : S = 8 : 1.4

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On a 20 km tunnel connecting two cities A and B, there are three The distance belween gutters 1
and 2 is half the distance between gutters 2 and 3. The distance from city A to its nearest gutter,
gutter is equal to the distance of city B from gutter 3. On a particular day, the hospital in city A
receives infomation that an accident has happened at the third gutter. The victim can be saved
only if an operation is stated within 40 mins. An ambulance started from city A at 30 km/hr and
crossed the first gutter after 5 mins. If the driver had doubled the speed after that, whal is thc
maximum amount of time the doctor would get to attend the patient at the hospital. Assume 1
minute is elapsed for taking the patient into and out of the ambulance.

Details solution :

By traveling at 30 kmph in 5 min. (30*5)/60 = 2.5 km

Now, Reached gutter one , So A---G = 2.5 Km
Again, Given = (A---G) = (B---G)

A ------ G---------------------------- G----- B

2.5 20 - (2.5+2.5) = 15 2.5
So, (G ----- G) = 15 km
Time taken at his double speed to covered 15 km = (15*60)/60 = 15 min.
Now, Back (G -------A) , Here distance = (15+ 2.5) = 17.5 km
Time taken to covered 17.5 km = (17.5*60)/60 = 17.5 min.
Total spent time ( 5 + 15 + 17.5 + 1) = 38.5 min.
Saved time (40 - 38.5) = 1.5 min. or 90 Sec.

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Working together, Asha and Sudha can complete an assigned task in 20 days. However, if Asha
worked alone and completed half the work and then Sudha takes over the task and completes the
second half of the task, the task will be completed in 45 days. How long will Asha take to complete
the task if she worked alone? Assume that Sudha is more efficient than Asha.

Solution :

Let , The total work be 180 units [LCM of (20 , 45)]

Efficiency of (A+S) => (180/20) = 9 units
Now , 90/A + 90/(9-A) = 45
=> (810 - 90A + 90A) = 45*(9A-A²)
=> 45A² - 405A+810 = 0
=> A² - 9A +18 = 0
=> A² - 6A - 3A +18 = 0
=> A(A-6) - 3(A-6) = 0
=> (A-6)(A-3) = 0
Now , A-6 = 0 or A-3 = 0
=> A = 6 => A = 3
As , Efficiency of Ahsa is less than sudha
So , Efficiency of Asha 3 units
Required time for Asha => (180/3) = 60 days

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A tank is filled by three pipes with uniform flow.The first two pipes operating simultaneously fill the
tank in the same time during which the tank is filled by the third pipe alone.The second pipe fills
the tank 5 hours faster than the first pipe and 4 hours slower than the third pipe.The time required
by the first pipe is

Solution :
Days ratio => P : P : P = P : (P - 5) : (P - 9)
Efficiency , P : P = (P - 5) : P
We know , Total work / Efficiency = days
Given that , (P + P) = P (Time)
So , P*(P- 5 ) / (P + P - 5) = P - 9
On solving P = 15
So , Required T for P 15 hours .

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A can do a piece of work in 10 days, B in 15 days. They work together for 5 days, the rest of the
work is finished by C in two more days. If they get Rs. 3000 as wages for the whole work, what are
the daily wages of A, B and C respectively (in Rs):
Solution :
Efficiency , A : B = 3 : 2
Now , 3*10 = 5*5 + 2C
=> C = 2.5
Work ratio => A : B : C = 3*5 : 2*5 : 2.5*2 = 15 : 10 : 5
In daily wages =>
Wage of A = 3000*(1/10) = 300
Wage of B = 3000*(1/15) = 200
Wage of C = 3000*(1/12) = 250

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A contractor agreed to complete a work in 90 days.He engaged 48 men for the work and after
doing the work for 50 days he came to know that three-fifths of the work has already been
completed.How many men should he remove to finish the work in the agreed time?

Solution :

Now , 48*50*(2/3) = (48 - M)*40

=> M = 8

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Two pipes can fill a cistern in 14 hr and 16 hr respectively.The pipes are opened simultaneously
and it is found that due to leakage in the bottom, 32 mins Extra are taken for the cistern to be filled
up.If the cistern is full, in what time would the leak empty it?

Solution :
Required T = (14*16)/(14 + 16) = 7(7/15) hours i.e. 7 hours 28 minute

With leakage RT = (7 hr. 28 min. + 32 min.) = 8 hr.

LCM of (14 , 16 , 8 ) = 112
Efficiency , P : P : L = 8 : 7 : 14
So, Efficiency of L = (15 - 14) = 1 units / hr.
Now , Required T for L = (112/1) = 112 hours

===================================

Partnership:
===================================
Solved by : Sumon Ahmed

[01] 3 brothers divided 1620 among them in such a way that the share of second is equal to 5/13
of share of other two, combined. What is the share of the second one?
============
Details solution:
Let, Shares x,y and z respectively.
Atq, y=5/13(x+z)
=>y : (x+z)=5:13
Total=18 k. 450.
________End________
[02] Pinky and shalini invested some amount of money in the ratio of 3 : 5 for the same period in
the business.They decided that at the end of of the year 20% profit was to be given to an
organization as donation.Out of the remaining,75% was to be reinvested and the rest of the profit
was to be divided as interest on their capitals. If the difference in their share is Rs.2400. What is
the total profit?
==============
Details solution:
Let, pinky's profit = 3x
Shalini's profit=5x
Atq, 5x - 3x = 2400
or, x = 1200
8x = 9600
Remaining profit = 100 - 20 - (80*75/100) = 20%
Now,
20 % = 9600
or, 100% = 48000
Total profit TK 48000
__________End________
[03] A started a business by investing some money and B invested Rs. 5000 more than that of A.
A remained in business for 5 months and B remained in business 1 month more than A. out of the
total profit of Rs. 26000, B got Rs. 6000 more than A . Find capitals invested A and B.
=============
Details solution:
Approach -1
Let,
A invests= 5x
B invests =6 (x+5000)
Profit of A = y
Profit of B = y+ 6000
Atq,
2y+6000= 26000
Y= 10000
Again, 5x/6(x+5000)= 10000/16000
X= 15000
A inested Tk.15000.
B invested Tk. 20000.
============
Approach-2
Capital -> A : B= x : (x + 5000)
Atq,
Share of A in Profit = (260006000)/2= 10,000
Share of B in profit = (26000 - 10000) = 16,000
By using formulaes:
x×5/(x+5000)×6=10000/16000
4x = 3x + 15000
x = 15000
Required capital of A = 15,000
Required capital of B = (15,000 + 5000) = 20000
___________End__________
[04] A is a Active partner and B is a Inactive partner in business. A puts in Rs. 5,000 and B puts in
Rs. 6,000. A received 15% of the profit for managing the business and the rest is divided in
proportion to their capitals. The amount received by A out of the profit of Rs. 880 in all is :
=============
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A : B=5000:6000=5 : 6
Profit for managing=880*15/100=132
Divided profit=880-132=748
A receives from divided profit=748*5/5+6=340
Total profit received by A=340+132=Tk 472.
____________End____________
[05] A and B started a business in partnership by investing in the ratio of 7 : 9. After 3 months A
withdraw 2/3 of its investment and after 4 months from the beginning B withdraw 33-1/3 of its
investment. If a total earned profit is Rs. 10201 at the end of 9 months, find the share of each in
profit.
==========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A : B=7*3+7*6/3 : 9*4+9*2*5/3
=35 : 66
Profit share of A=10201*35/35+66=3535
Profit share of B=10201*66/35+66=6666
__________End________
[06] A, B and C become partners in a business. A contributes 1/3rd of the capital for 1/4th of the
time. B contributes 1/5th of the capital for 1/6th of the time and C the rest of the capital for the
whole time. If the profit is Rs. 1,820, then the A's share in profit is:
========
Details solution:
Capital of C=1-(1/3+1/5)=7/15
Profit ratio of A:B:C=(1/3*1/4):(1/5*1/6):(7*1/15)
=5 : 2 : 28
Profit share of A=1820*5/5+2+28=260
_________End________
[07] In a business A and B gained some amount in a certain ratio. B and C received the profit in
the ratio as that of A and B, If A received Rs. 6,400 and C received Rs. 10,000. Find the share of
B
==========
Details solution:
According to question,
A: B = B: C
=> A/B= B/C
=> B²= AC
=> B²= 6400*10000
=> B=8000
So, Share of B Tk. 8000.
_______End______
[08] A, B and C share profit in the ratio of 1/4:1/6:7/12. If C retires, they share the profit of C in the
ratio of 4 : 5 respectively. The new profit sharing ratio of A and B will be :
==========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A : B : C=1/4:1/4:7/12=3:2:7
After retirement of C,
New profit ratio of C=3+7*4/ : 2+7*5/9
=55 : 53 [Ans.]
_________End________
[09] Two partners invest Rs.125000 and Rs.85000, respectively in a business and agree that 60%
of the profit should be divided equally between them and the remaining profit is to be treated as
interest on capital. If one partner gets Rs.600 more than the other, find the total profit made in the
business.
==========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of two partner=125000 : 85000
=25:17
Let, total profit=x
Share of first partner=40% of x*25/42=5x/21
Share of second partner=40% of 17*x/42=17x/105
Atq, 5x/21-17x/105=600
=>x=7875
Total profit Tk.7875.
________End________
[10] A working partner gets 20% as his commission of the profit after his commission is paid. If the
working partner's commission is Rs. 8000, Then what is the business ?
============
Details solution:
Commission=8000
20% of P=8000
100%=8000*100/20
Total proft=40000+8000=48000
_______End_______
[11] Dheeraj distributed his total assets to his wife, three sons, two daughters and five
grandchildren in such a way that each grandchild got one-eighth of each son or one-tenth of each
daughter. His wife got 40 per cent of the total share of his sons and daughters together. If each
daughter received asset of worth Rs.1.25 lakh. what was the total worth of the assets received by
his wife and the three grandchildren together ?
============
Details solution:
Two daughters get=1.25*2=2.5 lakhs
Three grand children get=1.25*3/10=0.375
Three sons get=3*8*0.125=3 lacks
Wife gets=40*(3+2.5)/100=2.2 lacks
So, Total assets worth of his wife and 3 grand children=2.2+0.375=2.575 lacks(257500)
_________End________
[12] A starts a small business by investing a certain sum of money. B joins A after three months
from the start of the business by investing 1.5 times A's investment. Three months after B joined
the business. C joins A and B by investing half of A's investment. It was agreed that the working
partner would receive 10% of the profit and the share according to the investment proportion from
the rest of the profit. If total profit at the end of the year was Rs.23750. How much will A, being the
only working partner receive?
==========
Details solution:
A invest=2x
B invest=3x
C invest=x
Profit ratio of A:B:C=2x*12:3x*9:x*6
8:9:2
Working partner profit=23750*10%=2375
Remaining profit=23750-2375=21375
A recives from distrbuted profit=21375*8/8+9+2=9000
A's total profit=9000+2375=11375
________End________
[13] A and B started a business by investing Rs.18,000 and Rs.24,000 respectively. At the end of
4th month from the start of the business. C joins with Rs.15,000. At the end of 10th month B quits
at which time C invests Rs.3000 more. At the end of 10th month B rejoins with the same
investment. If profit at the end of the year is Rs.12,005. what is B's share in the profit?
============
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A : B : C=18000*12 : 24000*12 : 15000*6+18000*2
=12 : 16 : 17
Profit share of B=12005*16/12+16+7=5488
_______End_______
[14] A man gave 20% of his salary to his only son and only daughter. The ratio of amount given to
son and daughter is 3:2 respectively. Twice the amount what he gave to his daughter, he invested
in LIC. Out of the remaining amount he gave one-fourth to his wife. After that he was left with
Rs.16800. Find out the amount invested in LIC.
=========
Details solution:
Approach-1
Amount given to daughter=20*2/5=8%
Investment in LIC=2*8%=16%
20%+16%=36%
Remaining=100-36=64%
Atq, 64%*3/4=16800
=>48%=16800
=>16%=5600
So, Investment in LIC=5600
===========
Approach-2
Assume, total amount=100x
Tota lgiven to son and daughter=20x
Amount given to daughter=20*2/5=8x
Investment in LIC=8x*2=16x
Remaining amount=100x-20x-16x=64x
Atq,3/4*64x=16800
=>x=350
Amount invested in LIC=16*350=5600
________End_____
[15] A starts a business with a capital of Rs.15000. B joins the business 6 months later from the
start of the business and C joins the business 8 month later from the start of the business. End of
the year their respective share in profit was in ratio of 5:3:3. What is the sum of amount put in the
business by B and C together?
===========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A:B:C=15000*12:B*6:C*4
Now, 15000*12/B*6=5/3
=>B=18000
Again, 15000*12/C*4=5/3
=>C=27000
So, B and C invested together=18000+27000=45000
______End_______
[16] A, B and C start a small business. A contributes 1/5th of the total capital invested in the
business. B contributes as much as A and C together. Total profit at the end of the year was
Rs.5,200. What was C's profit share? (in Rupees)
============
Details solution:
A invest =1/5
B+C invest =4/5
Given,
B=A+C
=> B+C=A+2C
=> 4/5 =1/5 +2C
=> C=3/10
B+C=4/5
=> B+3/10 =4/5
=> B=1/2
A: B: C =1/5 : 1/2 : 3/10
=2:5:3
ATQ,
10=5200
3=1560 TK
So, profit share of C=Tk.1560
______End_______
[17] A, B and C started a business with investments of Rs.1,600, Rs.2,000 and Rs.1800
respectively. After 6 months from the start of the business, A invested Rs.200 more. After 8
months from the start of the business, B and C invested additional amounts in the respective ratio
of 4:1. If they received an annual profit of Rs.3780 and A's share in the profit is Rs.1080, what was
the additional amount that C invested?
==========
Details solution:
Let, B & C invested additionally 4x and x respectively.
Profit ratio of A : B : C=(1600*6+1800*6):[2000*8+(2000+4x)]:[1800*8+(2000+x)]
=20400 : 24000+16x : 21600+4x
Total profit ratio=20400+24000+16x+21600+4x
=66000+20x
Atq, 20400/66000+20x=1080/3780
=>x=270
So, C invested additional Tk. 270.
_______End_______
[18] A starts a business with an investment of Rs.16000. After 3 months B joins the partnership
with an investment equal to 5/8th of A's investment and A withdraws Rs.2000 from the business.
After 3 months more C joins the partnership with an investment of Rs.9000. In the end of the year,
C gets Rs.1026 as his share in profit. Find A's share in the profit.
==========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A : B : C=16000*3+14000*9 : 10000*9 : 9000*6
= 29 : 15 : 9
9 units= 1026 i.e 29 units=3306
Profit share of A = Tk.3306
________End_______
[19] A and B started a business with initial investments in the respective ratio of 18:7. After four
months from the start of the business, A invested Rs.2000 more and B invested Rs.7000 more. At
the end of one year, if the profit was distributed among them in the ratio of 2:1 respectively. What
was the total initial investment with which A and B started the business?
==========
Details solution:
Capital ratio of A: B=18x*4+(18x+2000)*8:7x*4+(7x+7000)*8
Now,
216x+16000/28x+84x+56000=2/1
So, Initial investment of A and B=25x=25*2=Tk.50000
_______End_______
[20] A and B started a business with investments of Rs.3500 and Rs.2500 respectively. After 4
months C joined with Rs.6000. If the difference between C's share and B's share in the annual
profit was Rs.1977. What was the total annual profit?
=========
Details solution:
Ratio of them,
A: B: C =3500*12:2500*12:6000*8
=105:75:120
Difference of C and B =45
ATQ,
45 units =1977
300 units =13180 TK
So, total annual profit Tk.13180.
_______End_______
[21] Sonu invested 1000 more than Mona. Mona invested 1000 less than Raghu. If the total sum
of their investment is Rs.5,780, how much amount did Raghu invest?
=========
Details solution:
Ragu invest=x
Mona invest=x-1000
Sonu invest=x-1000+1000=x
Atq, x+x-1000+x=5780
=> x=2260
So, Ragu invest Tk. 2260.
_________End________
[22] A, Band C enter into partnership by making investments in the ratio 3 : 5 : 7. After a year, C
invests another Rs.337600. While A with draws Rs.45600. The ratio of investments then changes
to 24 : 59 : 167. How. much did A invest initially?
==========
Details solution:
Let, the investment of A, B and C be 3x,5x and 7x respectively.
then, 3-45600:5x:7x+337600=24:59:167
Atq, 3x-45600/5x=24/59
=>x =47200
A invest initially 3*47200=Tk. 141600
________End_______
[23] In a partnership, A invests 1/6 of the capital for 1/6 of the time. B invests 1/3 of the capital for
1/3 of the time and C rest of the capital for whole time. Out Of a profit Of RS. 4,600, B's share is
===========
Details solution:
Let, total profit = x TK
A invest = x/6 TK
B invest = x/3 TK
C invest =x-(x/6+ x/3)
=X/2 TK
Ratio of investment,
A:B:C=(x/6*1/6):(x/3*1/3):(x/2*1)
=1:4:18
B gets =4600*(4/23) TK
=800 TK
________End_______
[24] A sum of RS. 1,000 is divided between A and B such that RS. 10 more than 1/2 of A's share
and RS. 20 more than 1/3 of B's share are equal, then A's share is

A + B = 1000 ....(i)
and 10+1/2 A = 20+1/3 B
=> 3A - 2B = 60 ......(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
A = RS. 412
________End_______
[24] Three partners A, B and C invest RS. 3,000 RS. 4,000 and RS. 5,000 respectively. A get 15%
of the profit as manager's salary and B gets 10% of the profit as Asst. Manager's salary. The
remaining part of the profit is distributed among them in the ratio of their investments. If A receives
RS. 540, the shares of B and C respectively are
==========
Details solution:
Let, total profit = 100x TK
Net profit =100x-(15x+10x)=75 X TK
Profit ratio of A : B : C=3000 : 4000 : 5000
=3 : 4 : 5

Atq, 75x*(3/12)+15x =540

=> X=16
Total profit =100x=1600
After reducing 25%=1600*75%=1200 TK
B gets =1200*(4/12)+(1600*10%)=560 TK
C gets =1200*(5/12)=500 TK
________End_______
[26] A, B, and C invest RS. 5,000, RS. 6,000 and RS. 4,000 in a business. A gets 30% of the profit
as Manager's salary and the remaining part of the profit is distributed among them in the ratio of
their investments. If A gets RS. 200 more than B and C receive together, then total profit is
=========
Details solution:
Let, total profit=100x
Working partner profit=30x
Distributed profit=70x
Profit ratio of A: B: C=5:6:4
Atq, 70x*5/15+30x -(70x*6/15+70x*4/15)=200
=> x=30
So, total profit 100*30=3000
_______End_______
[27] Three partners A, B and C start a business. Twice the Investment of A is equal to thrice the
capital of B and capital of B is 4 times the capital of C. The difference of profits of B and C out of a
total profit of RS. 2, 97,000 will be
==========
Details solution:
Atq,
2A=3B =>A : B=3 : 2
B=4C =>B : C=4 : 1
A : B : C=6 : 4 : 1
Total =6 + 4 +1=11
Difference of B and C=( 4 - 1) i.e 3 units
11 units = 297000 i.e 3 units = 81000
So, profit difference of B and C=81000
________End________
[27] Manoj got RS. 6,000 as his share out of total profit of RS. 9,000 which he and Ramesh earned
at the end of 1 year. If Manoj invested RS. 2,000 for 6 month whereas Ramesh invested his
amount for the whole year, the amount invested by Ramesh was
=========
Details solution:
Let, Ramesh invested Tk. x
Atq, x*12/2000*6=3000/6000
=>x= 500
So, Ramesh invested Tk. 500.
_______End______
[29] If we divide RS. 541 in three parts such that 4 times the first may be equal to 6 times the
second and 11 times the third, then three parts are in the ratio
========
Details solution:
Let, three parts A, B and C respectively.
4A=6B =>A: B=3 :2
4A : 4C=A: C=11 : 4
A : B : C=33 : 22 : 12
So, profit ratio of three parts=33 : 22 : 12
_______End_______
[30] A and B started a joint business. A's investment was thrice the investment of B and the period
of his investment was twice the period of investment of B. If B gotRs. 6000 as profit, then what will
be the 20% of total profit?
==========
Details solution:
Let,
A =3x
B=x
Profit ratio=3x*2 : x=6 : 1
Total=6+1=7 units
1 units=6000 i.e 7 units =42000
So, 20% of total profit=42000*20=8400
_______End_______
[31] A and B started business with Rs.20000 and Rs.35000 respectively. They agreed to share the
profit in the ratio of their capital. C joins the partnership with the condition that A,B and C will share
profit equally and pays Rs.220000 as premium for this, to be shared between A and B. This is to
be divided between A and B in the ratio of
===========
Details solution:
Ratio ofcapital= A : B
= 20000 X 12 : 35000 X 12
= 240000 : 420000
Now,C gives Rs.220000 to both to make the capital equal.
A's Capital = B's capital
=> 240000+200000= 420000+2000
=> 440000 =440000
If A takes Rs.200000 and B takes Rs. 20000 from C then both have the equal capital
So, required ratio=200000 : 20000= 20 : 2 =10 : 1
_________End________
[32] Two partners invest Rs.125000 and Rs.85000, respectively in a business and agree that 60%
of the profit should be divided equally between them and the remaining profit is to be treated as
interest on capital. If one partner gets Rs.600 more than the other, find the total profit made in the
business.
==========
Details solution:
Total profit=100x
Equally divided profit=60x
Capital ratio of two=12500 : 85000=25:17
Atq, (30x+40x*25/42)-(30x+40x*17/42)=600
=> x=315
So, total profit=7875
________End________
[33] Sonu invested 10% more than the investment of Mona and Mona invested 10% less than the
investment of Raghu. If the total investment of all the three persons is Rs.5780, find the
investment of Raghu?
===========
Details solution:
Let,
Share of Raghu = 100.
Share of Mona = 90
Share of Sonu = 99
Sonu : Mona : Raghu = 99 : 90 : 100
Investment of Raghu
=5780*100/99+90+100
=Tk.2000
_______End_______
[34] A and B invest Rs. 3000 and Rs. 4000, respectively in a business. A received Rs. 10 per
month out of the profit as a remuneration for running the business and the rest of the profit is
divided in proportion to the investments. If in a year A totally receives Rs. 390, what does B
receive?
=======bc=
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A : B=3 : 4
Remuneration=10*12=120
3 units =(390-120)=270
4 units = 360
So, profit share of B Tk. 360.
________End_______
[35] A and B start a business, with A investing the total capital of Rs.50000, on the condition that B
pays A interest @ 10% per annum on his half of the capital. A is a working partner and receives
Rs.1500 per month from the total profit and any profit remaining is equally shared by both of them.
At the end of the year, it was found that the income of A is twice that of B. Find the total profit for
the year?
==========
Details solution:
Interest received by A=25000*10%=2500
Profit received by A as working partner=1500*12=18000
Equally distributed profit=2p
Atq, 2500+18000+p=2p
=>p =20500
So, total profit=2p +18000=59000
_______End________
[36] Rajeev start a business with Rs. 10000, Deepu joins him after 2 month with 20% more
investment than Rajeev, after 2 month Shakti joins him with 40% less than Deepu. If the profit
earned by them at the end of the year is equal to the twice of the difference between investment of
Rajeev and ten times the investment of Shakti. Find the profit of Rajeev ?
==========
Rajeev invest =10000
Deepu invest=10000*20%*10000=12000
Shaktu invest=12000-40%*12000=7200
Profit ratio if them=10000*12:12000*10:7200*8
=25:25:12
Now, the profit=2*(7200*10-10000)=124000
Share of Rajeev=124000*25/62=50000
Profit if Rajeev=50000-12000=38000
N.B. Share of Raheev meansprofit with investment.
________End________
[37] K and L start the business, with L investing the total capital of Rs. 40,000 on the condition that
K pays L interest @ 8% per annum on his half of the capital. L is a working partner and receives
Rs.1200 per month from the total profit and any profit reamaining is equally shared by both of
them. At the end of the year, it was found that the income of L is twice that of K. Find the total
profit for the year ?
===========
Details solution:
Interest received by L=20000*8%=1600
Profit received by L as working partner=1200*12=14400
Remaining profit=2p
Total profit=2p +14400
Atq, 14400+1600+p=2p
=>p =16000
Total profit=2p +14400=46400[ans]
________End______
[38] Three friends A, B, C invested in a business in the ratio of 4:5:6. After 6 months C withdraw
half of his capital. If the sum invested by A is 36000, then the profit earned by C out of the total
profit of 60000.
==========
Details solution:
A invest=36000
B invest=36000*5/4=45000
C invest=54000
Investment Efficiency of A: B : C
=36000*12 : 45000*12 : (54000*6)+(27000*6)
A:B:C=8:10:9
Profit of C= 60000×9/27=20000[ Ans.]
_______End______
[39] Two persons A and B invested in a business with 115000 and 75000 rupees respectively.
They agree that 40% of the profit should be divided equally among them and rest is divided
between them according to their investment. If A got 500 rupee more than B, then the total profit
is.
==========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of A : B=115000 : 75000
=23 : 15
Let, total profit=p
Atq, [23/38 - 15/38]60*p/100=500
=> p =3958.34
So, total profit=Tk 3958.34.
________End_______
[40] Three persons enter into a partnership by investing in the ratio of 4:5:8. After one year A
invest more 4300 and B withdraws 3200. Now, the ratio of investment changes to 5:4:7.
Approximately how much A invested initially.
==========
Details solution:
Let, A, B and C invest initially 4x, 5x and 8x respectively.
Atq, 4x+4300/5x-3200=5/4
=>x =33200/9
So, investment made by A=33200*4/9=14755.55
_______End_______
[41] A and B invested in a business in which A invest 250 rupee more than B. B invested for 6
months while A invested for 4 months. If A get 200 more than B out of a total profit of 1000. Then
the total amount invested in the business.
==========
Details solution:
Let,
B invest = x TK
A invest = (x+250) TK
Ratio of investment,
(x+250)*4:6x =600:400
=>(x+250)*4/6x=600/400
=> x=200 TK
Total invest =x+x+250
=2*200+250
= Tk.650 [ans]
_________End________
[42] 3 partners started a business. A, B and C invested Rs 5000, Rs 6000 and Rs 7000
respectively. After 4 months all invested the same amount as before for another 4 months. And
then each of them invested Rs 1000 more. If after a year a total profit of Rs 46,500 is made, what
is the profit of C?
==========
A invested=5000*4+10000*4+11000*4
=10400
B invested=6000*4+12000*4+13000*4
=124000
C invested=7000*4+14000*4+15000*4
=14400
Profit ratio of A:B:C=10400:124000:144000
=26:31:36
Profit of C=46500*36/93=Tk.18000
________End_______
[43] Raju,Vikram and Rihan are invested some amount into the business.Vikram invested double
the amount after 6 mionths and Rihan invested thrice the amount invested by Raju after 8
months.What is Rihan’s share in profit if they earn a profit of Rs.60000 at the end of 1 year ?
=========
Details solution:
Let,
Raju invested x for 12 months.
Vikram invested 2x for 6 months.
Rihan invested 3x fot 4 months.
Investment ratio of them=12*x : 2x*6: 3x*4
=1 : 1 : 1
Rihan's profit share =60000*1/3==Tk.20000
________End________
[44] Kamal started a business with Rs.25000 and after 4 months, Kiran joined him with Rs.60000.
Kamal received Rs.58000 including 10% of profit as commission for managing the business. What
amount did Kiran receive?
===========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of kamal and kiran=25000*12:60000*8=5 : 8
Let, Total profit=p
Atq, 10p/100+90p/100=58000
=> p =130000
So, kiran receive from total profit=130000-58000=72000
________End_______
[45] Teena, Meena and Rina enter into a partnership by investing Rs. 3200, Rs. 7200 and Rs.
9600. Teena is a working partner and gets a fifth part of the profit for her services and remaining
profit is divided amongst the three in their ratio. What is the sum of the profit of Meena and Rina if
Teena gets Rs. 5330?
===========
Details solution:
Profit ratio of T:M:R=3200:7200:9600
=4 : 9 : 12
Let, total profit=p
Atq, p/5+4p*4/5*25=5330
=> p =16250
Profit sum of Meena and Rina=16250-5330=10920
_______End_______
[46] Two partners X and Y started a business by investing in the ratio of 5 : 8. Z joined them after 8
months investing an amount equal to that of Y. At the end of the year, 20 % profit was earned
which is equal to Rs. 98,000. Find the amount invested by Z.
===========
Details solution:
Total profit=P
20% of P=98000
P=490000
Capital of X=5x
Capital of Y=8x
Capital of Z=8x
Atq, 5x*12+8x*12+8x*4=490000*12
=> x = 31276.60
So, Z invested initially=31276*8=250212.8
________End_______
[47] Krishan and Nandan jointly started a business. Krishan invested three times as Nandan did
and invested his money for double time as compared to Nandan. Nandan earned Rs. 4000. If the
gain is proportional to the money invested and the time for which the money is invested then the
total gain was?
===========
Details solution:
Krishan knvested 3x
Nandan invested x
Profit ratio of K : N=3x*2:x*1=6:1
I units=4000 i.e 7 units=4000*7=28000
Total gain Tk. 28000
________End_______

==================================

Profit and loss

=================================

Solved by : Md Mutaher hussain

Some important math from affairs cloud with easy solution::

Topic_ Profit & Loss::
Math_1::
A vendor has two types of grapes. One is the fresh grapes containing 80% water and dry grapes
containing 25% water. He sells 20 kg dry grapes, by adding water to the dry grapes, at cost price.
What is the total profit percentage when after adding water the weight of 20 kg dry grapes
increase in the proportion of water in fresh grapes?

Solution::

Let, CP of 1 kg dry grapes 100 tk

So, cp of 20 kg dry grapes =2000 tk.

Quantity of pulp in 20 kg dry grapes = 20 *75/100 = 15 kg.

Quantity of pulp in 20 kg fresh grapes = 20*20/100= 4 kg.

In case of fresh grapes

4 kg of pure grapes = 20 kg fresh
So, 15 kg pure grapes = 20/4*15 =75 kg fresh grapes.

Sp of 75 kg = 75*100 =7500.

Profit = 7500-2000 = 5500.

So profit % = 5500/2000*100 = 275%

Ans, 275%
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Math_2::

A seller bought 2750 Mangoes and 1210 Apples at the same price. He sells in such a way that he
can buy 406 Mangoes with the sale of 322 Mangoes and he can buy only 289 Apples with the sale
of 391 Apples. Then what is the overall profit percentage made by him?

Solution::

2750M= 1210A= x
M= x/2750
A= x/120
So, 322M = 322x/2750
And,406M= 406x/2750
Profit= 84x/2750
Percentage= 84x/2750*2750/322x*100 = 26.08%

Again,289A= 289x/1210
And,391A= 391x/1210

Loss= 102x/120
Percent = 102x/1210*1210/391x *100= 26.08%

No profit no gain

Math_3::

The ratio selling prices three articles A, B, and C is 29:27:32., the ratio of percentage profit is
4:2:5, respectively. If the cost price of article A is equal to B and the cost price of article C is Rs.
480. Then what is the overall gain?

Solution::

The Ratio of SP of A:B:C

=29Y:27Y:32Y

Profit=4x:2x:5x(Percentage)

Atq,
480+480*5x/100= 32Y
=> 480+24x= 32Y
=> 60+3X= 4Y
=> Y= (60+3x)/4

Where, x= 1,2,3,4_____

If x= 4
Y= 72/4= 18

SP= (27+29+32)*18
= 1584

CP ::
A= 29*18* 100/116=450
B= 27*18*100/108= 450
C= 32*18* 100/120= 480
Total CP= (450+480+450)
= 1380

Gain= 1584-1380= 204

%= 204*100/1380= 14.78%

Math_4::

Swati went shopping to buy a watch with some money. She selected a watch, which is marked
Rs.400 higher price than the money she had. But shopkeeper gave two successive discounts of
10% and 15% respectively on the marked price of the watch. Then she could buy that watch and
also another watch worth Rs.540 with all the money she had. Then what is the marked price on
the first watch?

Solution::

Swathi went shopping with= x money

MP=(x+400)

Atq,
90% of 85% of (400+x)+540= x

=>> 306+ 0.765x+540= x

=>> 846= 0.235x
=>> x= 846/0.235
=>>x= 3600

So,MP= (3600+400)= 4000TK

(Answer)
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:
Math_5::

Mukesh and Rakesh wants to make 25% profit on selling good. Mukesh calculating it on cost price
while Rakesh on the selling price, the difference in the profits earned by both being Rs. 100 and
selling price being the same in both the cases. Find out the Selling Price of both goods?

Solution::
:::::::::::CP::::::::::SP
M::::::::100:125
R:::::::::75:100
SP are equal
M:::(100*4):(125*4)[CP:SP]
R::::(75*5):(100*5)

400-375=100
=> 25%= 100
=> 1%= 4
=> 500%= 2000
:::::::::::::::::::::::::

Math_6::

A vendor sold two magazines namely A and B. He sold magazine ‘A’ at a loss of 20% and
magazine ‘B’ at a profit of 25% but finally there is no loss or no gain. If the total Selling price of
both magazines is Rs.450. Find the difference between the Cost Price of Magazine ‘A’ and ‘B’?

Solution::
Solution::
x*80/100+y*125/100=450 so that 16x+25y=9000....(1) and x+y=450...(2) so x=250 and y=200

Math_7::

A Vendor sells apples at a certain price in order to make a profit of 30%. If he charges Rs. 1.5
higher per apple he would get a profit of 60%. Find the original price at which he sold an apple?

Solution::
160-130= 30
30.....1.5
So 100= 5

Sell original= 5*30/100= 6.5

Again 5*60/100= 8

So 8-6.5= 1.5 higher( proved)

:::::::::::::::::::::;;;;
.
Math_8::

A man purchases some apples at the rate of 3 for Rs 4 and same quantity at 4 for Rs 7. If he sells
all the apples at the rate of 5 for Rs 9, find his gain or loss percent?

Solution::
CP= 4x/3+7x/4
= 37x/12

SP= 18x/5
Profit= 18x/5-37x/12=
= (18*12x-37*5x)/60= 31x/60

Profit percentage=(31x/60)*( 12/37x)* 100= 17% gain

Math_9::

shopkeeper buys 60 cycles and marks them at 20% above the cost price. He allows a discount of
10% on the marked price for cash sale and 5% discount for credit sales. If three-fourth of the
cycles are sold at cash and remaining for credit, the total profit be Rs. 11400. What is the cost
price of a cycle?

Solution::
Shopkeeper buys= 60 Cycles

Let, Each price= 100

Total CP= 100*60= 6000 TK
MP=120% of 6000= 7200

Atq,
3/4*120% of 90% of 60*100+1/4*120% of 95% of 60*100- 6000=11,400

=>( 45*1.2*.9*60*100+15*1.2*.95*1.2*100- 6000)%= 11,400

=>( 4860+ 1710-6000)%= 11,400

=> 570%= 11,400

=> 1%= 20
=> 100%= 2000 TK

Math_10::

A wholesaler sells 30 pens at the marked price of 20 pens to the retailer. The retailer in turns sells
them at the marked price. Determine the loss or gain percent?

Solution::
LCM of 30 & 20= 60
SP= 60/20= 3
CP= 60/30= 2

Profit= 1
Percentage= 100/2= 50%
:::::::::::::::::::::::::

================================

Basic Bank -Asst. Manager

Written math solution
Exam taker: #AUST
March 15, 2018
Solved by : Sarker Mamun

Q1: If a person invest 4000 taka at x% and 5000 taka at y%, he will get total 320 taka as interest.
On the other hand if he invest 5000 at x% and 4000 at y%, he will get total 310 taka as interest.
Find the value of x and y.

-------------------
Condition one:
4000*x/100+5000*y/100=320
=>40x+50y=320
=>4x+5y=32 ---------------- (1)

Condition Two:
5000*x/2+4000*y/100=310
=>50x+40y=310
=>5x+4y=31 ------------- (2)
Now, Equation (1) & (2) multiplied by 5 & 4 resoectively. We gett
20x+25y=160 ------------ (3)
20x+16y=124 ------------ (4)
__________________________
(-) 9y=36
=>y=4
And, 4x+5y=32
=>4x+5*4=32
=>x=3
Answer : x & y = (3 & 4)
Q2: Working together pipe p, q & T can fill a tank in 5 hours. Working togeher p & q can fill it in 7
hours. Find in how many hours T can fill it?

-----------------
Let, Total work be 35 units (LCM of 5 & 7)
Effciency of p, q & T=35/5=7 units
Efficiency of p & q=35/7=5 units
Then, efficiency of T=7-5=2 units
So, Time taken by T=35/2
=17.5 hours (Ans.)

Q3: A box contains 5 green, 4 yellow and 3 white balls. Three balls are drawn at random. What is
the probability that all three are not of the same colour? (Basic Bank: Assistant Manager-2018)
----------------
All are Not of same colour =1-All are of Same colour
All are of Same colour= (5C3+4C3+3C3)/12C3
= (10+4+1)/220
=15/220
=3/44
So, All are Not of same colour=1- 3/44
=41/44 (Ans.)

Q4: There was a shipment of cars. Out of which half was black in colour. Remaining cars were
equally blue, white and red. 70% of black cars, 80% of blue cars, 30% of white cars, 40% of red
cars were sold. What percentage of total cars were sold?
--------------------
Let, No. of total cars be 60
Now, Black=60/2=30
Remaining=60-30=30
So, Blue=White=Red= 30/3=10

Black sold=30*70/100=21
Blue sold=10*80/100=8
White sold=10*30/100=3
Red sold=10*40/100=4

Total sold=21+8+3+4=36
So, Required % =36*100/60
=60% (Ans.)

Note: Any suitable no. can be assumed as total.

Q5: A train passes a man in 3 seconds and another train from opposite direction pass the man 4
second,both train same lenth. how long time need to pass the train each other?

---------------------
Let, The length of each train be 12 (LCM of 3 & 4)
Now, Speed of 1st train =12/3=4 meters
And, Speed of 2nd train=12/4=3 meters.
Relative speed=4+3=7 meters
Relative length of Two train=12+12=24 meters
So, Required time=24/7
=3 (3/7) (Ans.)

Q6: A man works for certain hours.if his hourly payment increase by 20%. what percent of working
hours may be reduce so that total income remain unchanged?

Method -1
----------------
Let, his hourly pay Tk.10
And, total hour be 10 hours
So, oberall payment =10*10=Tk.100
At 20% increased, hourly pay=10*1.2=12
So, No. of hours=100/12=25/3 hrs
Now, Hour reduction=10-25/3
=5/3 hrs
So, hour reduction %=5*100/3*10=16.67% (Ans.)

Method-2
----------------
Applying proportionality:
Wage=>A:B =5 :6
Hour=>A:B =6: 5
Now, Hour reduced =6-5=1
So, hourly reduction %=(1/6)*100
=16.67% (Ans.)

Q7: There were some books of novel and non fiction. Board discusses 3 times for any nobel and 5
times for any non fiction. During a year they discuss total 12 times. If there were 52 times, how
many of them were nobel?

Method-1
--------------
Let, number of nobel be 'x'
Then, non fiction=12-x
ATQ,
3x+5(12-x)=52
=>3x+60-5x=52
=>2x=8
So, x= 4 (Ans.)

Mrthod-2
--------------
Let, no. of novel book be 'x'
Non-fiction books=y
Now, x+y=12 ----------------(1)
And, 3x+5y=52 ------------ (2)
Equation (1) multiplied by 5,
5x+5y=60 ---------------- (3)
3x+5y=52 ---------------- (4)
________________________
(-) 2x=8
=>x=4
So, Novel book was 4 (Ans.)

================================

Solved by : Mahtab hossain Rezon

===Some Important Math : Topic : Time Work ===

1. Arun can do a piece of work in 40 days, but Bala can do the same work in 5 days less, than
Arun, when working alone. Arun and Bala both started the work together but Bala left after some
days and Arun finished the remaining work in 30 days with half of his efficiency but he did the work
with Bala with his complete efficiency. For how many days they had worked together?

=====> Solution :

Total = 280 (lcm of 40 & 35)

Efficiency = A:B = 7 : 8
280 = 30*7/2 + T*15
=> T = 175/15 = 11.66 days.
2. Three professors P, Q, R are evaluating answer script of a subject. P is 40 more efficient than
Q, who is 20 more efficient than R. P takes 10 days less than Q to complete the evaluation work.
P starts the evaluation work and works for 10 days and then Q takes over. Q evaluate for next 15
days and then stops. In how many days R, can complete the remaining evaluation work?

====> Solution :

Efficiency : P:Q = 140 : 100 = 7 : 5 = 42 : 30

Q:R = 120:100 = 6:5 = 30 : 25
P:Q:R = 42 : 30 : 25
Again, P:Q = 7 : 5
Time = 5 : 7
Atq, 7x-5x = 10
=> x = 5
So, P = 25 days
Now, 25*42 = 10*42 + 15*30 + 25*T
=> 1050 = 420 + 450 + 25t
=> T = 180/25 = 7.2 days

3. 7 Indian and 4 American finish a job in 6 days. 7 African and 3 American finish the same job in 8
days. The efficiency of each person of a particular nationality is same but different from others.
One Indian One American and One African will complete the work in:

===> Solution:

Let, Indian: x
American: y
African: z
Now, (7x+4y)*6=(7z+3y)*8
=> 42x+24y=56z+24y
=> 42x=56z
=> x:z=4:3 (Efficiency)
Total job= 336 units
Atq,
(7*4+4y)*6=336
=> 168+24y=336
=> 24y=168
=> y=7 units (Efficiency)
Required Time: 336/(4+7+3)=24 days.

4.. Chitra is twice efficient as Arun. Bala takes thrice as many days as Chitra. Arun takes 12 days
to finish the work alone. If they work in pairs(i.e Arun-Bala, Bala-Chitra, Chitra-Arun) starting with
Arun – Bala on the first day, Bala – Chitra on the second day and Chitra – Arun on the third day
and so on, then how many days are required to finish the work?

===> Solution:

Efficiency : C:A = 2:1 = 6:3

B:C = 1:3 = 2:6
A:B:C = 3 : 2 : 6
Total = 3*12 = 36 units
3 days work = (3+2) + (2+6) + (3+6) = 22 units
4th & 5th days work = 5+8 = 13
Remaining = 36-(22+13) = 1
1 units done by A+C in = 1/9 days
Total = 5(1/9) days

5. Arun can do a piece of work in 10 days, Bala in 15 days. They work together for 5 days, the rest
of the work is finished by Chitra in two more days. If they get Rs. 5000 as wages for the whole
work, what are the daily wages of Arun, Bala and Chitra respectively??

====> Solution:

Total = 30 units
Effi= A:B = 3 : 2
now, 30 = 5*5 + C
=> C = 5
Payment=
A = 5000*15/30 = 2500
B = 5000*10/30 = 1666.67
C = 5000*5/30 = 833.33
Wage of A = 2500/5 = 500
Wage of B = 1666.67/5 = 3 33.33
Wage of C = 833.33/2 = 416.67

6. A Contractor employed a certain number of workers to finish constructing a building in a certain

scheduled time. Some time later, when a part of work had been completed, he realized that the
work would get delayed by half of the scheduled time, so he at once doubled the no of workers
and thus he managed to finish the building on the scheduled time. How much work he had been
completed, before increasing the number of workers?

===> Solution:

Let, he employed 10 workers

They will do the work in 10 days
Let, they work for x days
Atq
(10*10*1.5)=(10*x)+(20*(10-x))
=> 10x+200-20x=150
=> 10x=50
=> x=5
Work completed : (10*5)/150=1/3 part

7. (x-2) person can do a work in x days and (x+7) person can do 75% of the same work in (x-
10)days. Then in how many days can (x+10) person finish the work?

====> Solution:

Let, x = 20
Now, total work = (20-2)*20 = 360 units
RT = 360/30 = 12 days

8. The ratio of efficiency of Arun is to Chitra is 5:3. The ratio of number of days taken by Bala is to
Chitra is 2:3. Arun takes 6 days less than Chitra, when Arun and Chitra complete the work
individually. Bala and Chitra started the work and left after 2 days. The number of days taken by
Arun to finish the remaining work is?

====> Solution:

Efficiency :
A:C = 5:3 = 10:6
B:C = 3:2 = 9:6
A:B:C = 10:9:6
Time = 1/10 : 1/9 : 1/6
= 9 : 10 : 15
= 9x : 10x : 15x
Atq, 15x-9x = 6
=> x = 1
Now, 9*1*10 = (9+6)*2 +10* T
=> 90-30 = T*10
=> 60 = T*10
=> T = 6 days. (Ans.)

9. Arun is twice efficient as Bala and together they do the same work in as much time as Chitra
and David together. If Chitra and David can complete the work in 20 and 30 days respectively,
working alone, then in how many days A can complete the work individually?
====> Solution:

Efficiency Ratio =
A:B = 2:1 = 10 : 5
C:D = 3:2 = 9 : 6
So, A:B:C:D = 10 : 5 : 9 : 6
Total = 180 (lcm of 10,5,9 & 6)
A = 180/10 = 18 Days (Ans.)

=================================

Mixture and Alligation (Important)

==================================

Solved by : Md Helal uddin

In a vessel there is a certain quantity of mixture of milk and water in the ratio 5 : 1 respectively. 24
litres of mixture is taken out and same quantity of milk is added to the vessel. The ratio of milk and
water now becomes 13 : 2 respectively. Again 15 litres of mixture is taken out. What is the quantity
of milk in the resulting mixture?

Solution :

M : W =>
5 : 1 = 10 : 2
13 : 2 = 13 : 2
Now , (13-10) i.e. 3 part equivalent to 24 L
Then , (13+2) i.e. 15 part equivalent to 120 L
After remove mix 15 L , Qty of mix => (120 - 15) = 105 L
Now , M : W => 13 : 2 = 91 : 14
So , qty of milk in final mix 91 L

A container is filled with liquid, 6 part of which are water and 10 part milk. How much of the
mixture must be drawn off and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water and half
milk?

Solution :

M : W =>
10 : 6 = 5 : 3
1:1=5:5
Now , Replacement => (5-3)/(5+5) i.e 1/5 part

There are two alloys of copper and zinc containing copper and zinc in the ratio of 1:2 and 3:5
respectively. If 12 Kgs. of the first alloy and 16 Kgs. of the second alloy are mixed and some more
pure zinc is added, the ratio of copper to zinc in the resultant alloy becomes 2 : 5. How many Kgs.
of pure zinc was added?

Solution :

C : Z =>
1 : 2 = 4 : 8 (In 12 kg)
3 : 5 = 6 : 10 (In 16 kg)
Now , Mix ratio => (6+4) : (10+8) = 5 : 9
C : Z =>
5 : 9 = 10 : 18
2 : 5 = 10 : 25
So , Added zinc => (25 - 18) i.e. 7 kg

There was 120 litres of pure milk in a vessel. Some quantity of milk was taken out and replaced
with 23 litres of water in such a way that the resultant ratio between the quantities of milk and
water in the mixture was 4 : 1 respectively. Again 231itres of the mixture was taken out and
replaced with 27 litres of water. What is the respective ratio of milk and water in the resultant
mixture?

Solution :

Qty of taken milk => (120 - 4*23) = 28 L

After replacement qty of mix => (120 - 28 + 23) = 115 L
Milk : water => 4 : 1 = 92 : 23
In 23 L qty of Milk => 23*(4/5) = 92/5 L
So , Qty of water => 23*(1/5) = 23/5 L
Required ratio => (92 - 92/5) : [(23 - 23/5) + 27] = 368 : 227

In a vessel, there is a mixture of apple, orange and mango juices in the ratio of 3 : 5 : 4
respectively. A quantity of 12 litres from the mixture is replaced by 8 litres of apple juice.
Thereafter the quantities of apple and orange juices in the resultant mixture become same. Find
out the initial quantity of mixture in the vessel?

Solution :

A : O : M => 3x : 5x : 4x
So , Initial mix => (3x+5x+4x) = 12x
Now , (3x - 3 + 8 ) = 5x - 5
=> 2x = 10
=> 12x = 60 L

A 20 litre mixture contains milk and water in the respective ratio of 3 : 2. Then 10 litres of the
mixture is removed and replaced with pure milk and the operation is repeated once more. At the
end of the two removals and replacements, what is the ratio of milk and water in the resultant
mixture respectively?

Solution :

After replacement qty of water => 20*(2/5)*(1/2)*(1/2) = 2 L

So , Required ratio =>
M : W = (20-2) : 2 = 9 : 1

A vessel contains a mixture of milk and water in the respective ratio of 3: 1. 32 litres of mixture
was taken out and replaced with the same quantity of milk so that the resultant ratio between the
quantities of milk and water in the mixture was 4 : 1 respectively. If 10 litres of mixture is again
taken out from the vessel, what is the resultant quantity of water in the mixture? (in litres)

Solution :

M : W =>
3:1
4:1
Now , (4-3) i.e. 1 part equivalent to 32 L
Then , (4+1) i.e 5 part equivalent to 160 L
Remove 10 L , qty of mixture => (160-10) = 150 L
So , Milk : water => 4 : 1 = 120 : 30
So , ans. 30 L

Several litres of acid were drawn off a 54 L vessel full of acid and an equal amount of water
added. Again, the same volume of the mixture was drawn off and replaced by water. As a result
the vessel contained 24 L of pure acid. How much of the acid was drawn off initially?

Solution :

T : Acid
54 : 54 - R
54 : 54 - R
--------------------
54² : (54-R)² = (3/2)²
=> 3R = 54
=> R = 18 L
Drawn off acid 18 L

A mixture contains wine and water in the ratio 3:2 and another mixture contains them in the ratio
4:5 . How many litres of the latter mixture must be mixed with 3 litres of the former mixture that the
resultant mixture may contain equal quanties of wine and water ?

Solution :

wine : water =>

3 : 2 = 54 : 36
4 : 5 = 40 : 50
1 : 1 = 45 : 45
Now , Required ratio => (45 - 40) : (54 - 45) = 5 : 9
Now , 5 part equivalent to 3 L
So , 9 part is equivalent to (27/5) i.e. 5(2/5) L

Three containers. A, B and C are having mixtures of milk and water in the ratio 1 : 5. 3 : 5 and 5 : 7
respectively. If the capacities of the containers are in the ratio 5 : 4 : 5, then find the ratio of the
milk to the water, if the mixtures of all the three containers are mixed together.

Solution :

LCM of (1+5 , 3+5 , 5+7) = 24

Let , Capacity => 120 , 96 , 120
Qty of milk in mix => [120*(1/6) + 96*(3/8) + 120*(5/12) = 106
Qty of water in mix => (336 - 106) = 230
So , Milk : Water => 106 : 230 i.e. 53 : 115

18 litres of pure water was added to a vessel containing 80 litres of pure milk. 49 litres of the
resultant mixture was then sold and some more quantity of pure milk and pure water was added to
the vessel in the respective ratio of 2 : 1. If the resultant respective ratio of milk and water in the
vessel was 4:1. what was the quantity of pure milk added in the vessel? (in litres)

Solution :

Total mix => (80+18) = 98 L

So , Ratio of milk and water => 80 : 18 = 40 : 9
In 49 L => Qty of milk 40 L and water 9 L
Let , Added of Milk be 2x L and water be x L

Now , (40 + 2x ) : (9 + x) = 4 : 1
=> 40 + 2x = 36 + 4x
=> 2x = 4 L
So , Added milk 4 L