Thermo2 12th

Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
12Chapter Thermodynamics
Section-A
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (3)
Area under the cyclic curve is
= 2 P0 × 3 V 0
= 6P0V0
3. Answer (3)
4. Answer (2)
5. Answer (1)
From first law of thermodynamics,
Q  U  W
As U  W  0
that means Q  0
 Q is constant.
6. Answer (1)
7. Answer (3)
As T  0 , for isothermal process
For ideal gas U  0
8. Answer (4)
9. Answer (2)
In case of no work done
W=0
so V = 0
This implies V is constant.
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
10. Answer (3)
11. Answer (2)
12. Answer (4)
13. Answer (4)
14. Answer (3)

At 4ºC
15. Answer (3)
16. Answer (1)
17. Answer (1)
18. Answer (4)

From 1st law of thermodynamics,
 Q  U  W
  U  Q  W
As internal energy is not a path function so we may say that ( Q  W ) is independent of path.
19. Answer (4)

Solution W = 400 cal
= 400 × 4.2
= 1680 J
= 1.68 kJ
20. Answer (3)

W = P V
5 –3
 W = 4 × 10 [40 – 10] × 10
+2
 W = 120 × 10
= 12 kJ
21. Answer (4)
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Q.No. Solution
22. Answer (1)
P Isobaric
Isothermal
Adiabatic
V1 V2 V
It is clear from the graph that area enclosed during isobaric curve is maximum.
23. Answer (2)

Here, V  0
As, W  P V
W  0
24. Answer (3)

As, P  0
V1 T1
 
V2 T2
V 300
   (T1 = 27ºC = 300 K)
2V T2
 T2 = 600 K
T = T2 – T1 = 300 K
Now, W  P V  R T
 W = 0.2 × 2 × 300
= 120 cal
25. Answer (2)
26. Answer (1)
27. Answer (3)

T2 400 K
  1 = 1
T1 800 K
1 1
   1   0.5 
2 2
   = 50%
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Q.No. Solution
28. Answer (2)

If T2 = 0
T2
Then,   1   1 0
T1
 = 1
29. Answer (1)

50 1
  50%  
100 2
T2
As,   1 
T1
1 500
  1
2 T1
 T1 = 1000 K
 T1 = 727 ºC
30. Answer (3)
31. Answer (4)

50 1
  50%  
100 2
1 T
  1 2
2 T1
1 300
  1
2 T1
 T1 = 600 K
Now,  = 70%
70 300
  1
100 T1
300
  0.3
T1
300
T1   1000 K
0.3
 T1  T1  1000  600
= 400 K
32. Answer (2)
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Q.No. Solution
33. Answer (3)

T1 = 627 + 273 = 900 K
T2 = 27 + 273 = 300 K
T2 W
  1 
T1 Q1
300 W
 1 
900 6000
2
 W  6000 
3
 W = 4000 cal
= 4 kcal.
34. Answer (3)
35. Answer (1)
36. Answer (4)
37. Answer (2)
38. Answer (2)
39. Answer (2)
40. Answer (2)
41. Answer (4)

Q  U  W
 U = 100 – 80
= 20 J
42. Answer (1)
43. Answer (3)

As, CP – CV = R
 CP = R + CV
3
 CP  R  R
2
5
 CP  R
2
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Q.No. Solution
44. Answer (2)
45. Answer (1)
T2
As   1 
T1
so,  = 1
When T2 = 0 K
46. Answer (3)
5
Ui  NRT
2
3
Uf   (2N )RT
2
NRT
 U = Uf – Ui =
2
47. Answer (4)
2P0 .V0  nRT A 

  TA  TB  U  0
P0 .2V0  nRTB 
Gas is undergoing expansion. So, W > 0
If U = 0  Q = U + W  Q = W
48. Answer (3)

Loop looks like a circle but its an ellipse of which area is
A = ab (where a and b are semi major and minor axes respectively)
W = area of the loop
r1 r2   
=  .   r1r2
2 2 4
49. Answer (3)

W = 0 and Q = 0
 U = 0  Isothermal process.
 P1V1 = P2V2
5  P = P2  11
5P
 P2 
11
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Q.No. Solution
50. Answer (1)

This is isobaric expansion of gas.
W = Patm. . A . x = 105  (40  10–4)  (5  10–2) = 20 J
 U = Q – W = 20 J
51. Answer (1)
R
 C  CV  , where PV = constant.
1 
Here, TV3 = constant
 PV4 = constant
 =4
3R R 7R
 C  
2 1 4 6
52. Answer (3)
Q = U + W = U +  Q
 (1 – ) Q = U
Q U
(1 – ) 
nT nT
5
(1  ).C  R
2
5R
 C
2(1  )
53. Answer (3)
f f
U nRT ; f is no. of degrees of freedom = PV
2 2
P and V both are remaining same.
 U is unchanged.
54. Answer (4)
P
Slope of an isotherm = 
V
P
Slope of an adiabatic =
V
So, for a point on the P-V diagram isotherm will have unique slope as well as adiabatic will have
unique slope. So, two isotherms or two adiabatic can’t intersect.
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Q.No. Solution
55. Answer (4)
3
For monatomic gas, K.E.  nRT
2
5
For diatomic gas. K.E.  nRT
2
For polyatomic it is even higher.
7  3.5 
The value of K.E.  nRT    nRT can’t be obtained either by purely monoatomic gas or purely
4  2 
diatomic or purely polyatomic gases. It could be obtained by either a mixture of (monoatomic +
diatomic) or a mixture of (monoatomic + polyatomic) gases.
56. Answer (2)
W Q  U Q C 7 2
  1 P 1  1 1
U U U CV 5 5
57. Answer (3)
58. Answer (1)
W = Qcycle
= 200 + 600 – 300 = 500 J
Q = Heat absorbed
= 200 + 600 = 800 J
W 5
Efficiency,   
Q 8
59. Answer (3)
P, V, T  2P, V, 2T  2P, 2V, 4T
3  3
Q1  nCV T  n R .T  nRT
 2  2
5 
Q2  nCP T  n R .2T  5nRT
2 
13
Q  Q1  Q2  nRT
2
Over all temperature change = 3 T
13
nRT
Q 13
 Specific heat capacity, C =  2  R
nT n.3T 6
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Q.No. Solution
60. Answer (3)

3
T  T0
 m = slope of line from 1 to 3.
P  P0 T 2
 T = T0 + m (P – P0)
1 (T , V )
T  mP0 
0 0
PV V
 (T0  mP0 )  mP  m 0
nR nR P P
 T0 
  m 
 m  P0 . 
P0   m  P . m  m 
0
P P
 m < m because m is slope of dotted line
V P ( m  m )
 m 0
nR P
So, in moving from 1  2  3, P increases and so V increases
61. Answer (3)
PT2 = constant, Also PV = nRT
T  2
 V  T = constant or V  T
3
 
V 3T V 3
=  =
V T V T T
62. Answer (1)
T1V1( – 1) = T2V2( – 1)
 –1
V 
T2 = T1  1 
 V2 
= 4T1 { = 5/3}
1
 = no. of moles =
4
– R(T2 – T1 )
ext =
1– 
9
=  RT1
8
63. Answer (4)
Q = nCpT = 208 J
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Section-B
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1, 4)
D
The process on the P- V diagram is like this.
P
Cycle is anti-clockwise. So work done by the gas is negative. In this A C
cycle work is needed to be done on the gas. So, it is suitable for
refrigerator. B
2. Answer (1, 2, 3)
System is isolated  Q = 0
Work is being done on the system (liquid) by the external agent. Hence W = negative
Q = U + W
0 = U – W
 U = + W = positive
3. Answer (1, 2, 3)
dP
B
dV
V
PV 2 = K
dP. V 2 + 2V. dV.P = 0
dP
   2P  B=2P
dV
V
 B vs. P graph is a straight line through origin.
2K 1
B  2P   B
V2 V2
Also, PV 2  K
2
 nRT 
or, P.   K  P T2  B  P T2
 P 
 B T2 (Parabolic graph)
4. Answer (1, 3)
Volume is constant  W = 0
3 3
U  nR T   4  R 100  600 R
2 2
 Q = U = 600 R
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Q.No. Solution
5. Answer (1, 2)
Let P0 be the equilibrium pressure of the gas which is also equal to the atmospheric pressure. V0 be
the equilibrium volume and S be the cross-section of the piston.
Let us displace the piston by x outward.
V = V0 + Sx
 
P  V0   Sx 
Adiabatic process,     1  

P0  V0  Sx   
 V0 
If x is small,
 .5 x 
P  P0 1  
 V0 
SP0
P   .x
V0
 S 2 P0 
Restoring force on piston, Fr  Kx  P.S   K  x
 V0 
 
Fr  (– x)
So motion is S.H.M for small displacements. If displacement is not small, still restoring force acts on
the piston and the motion is oscillatory.
6. Answer (1, 4)
There is contraction in volume when ice melts. So, work done by atmosphere is positive and the work
done by the system is negative.
Q = U + W
mL = U – W0
 U = W0 + mL  U > mL
7. Answer (1, 3)
Diatomic molecule has 5 degrees of freedom
1
 Internal energy, U  5  nRT
2
On stopping the vessel, the kinetic energy of the centre of mass of the gas molecules is converted into
random motion of the molecules due to which internal energy of the molecules increases and
consequently its temperature rises.
8. Answer (3, 4)
In cyclic process Q = W
or, Q+ve + Q–ve = W  Q+ve > W
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Q.No. Solution
9. Answer (1, 2)
5

3
 5
P2  V1   1 3 1 P
      P2  1
P1  V2   8 32 32
 1
T1  V2  2
 8 3  4  T2 
T1
 
T2  V1  4
1
 K.E.  T  K.E of gas molecules becomes times.
4
Rotational K.E. of monatomic molecules is zero.
10. Answer (2, 3, 4)
dQ
dS 
T
For AB, dS = 0  dQ = 0  adiabatic.Clockwise cycle  dQ = +ve. i.e. heat is absorbed by the gas in
cycle.
11. Answer (1, 3)
nR (T1  T2 ) 1 8.314  26
W    432 J
(1.5  1) 0 .5
3 3
U   nRT    1  8.314  26  324.246 J
2 2
 Q = 432 – 324.246  – 108 J
12. Answer (2, 4)
7R 5R
(CP  CV )Diatomic    6R
2 2
5R 3R
(CP  CV ) Monoatomic    4R
2 2
35R 2
(CP .CV ) Diatomic 
4
15R 2
(CP .CV ) Monoatomic 
4
Cp 2
=  = 1 is smaller for diatomic gas
Cv f
Cp – Cv = R = constant
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Q.No. Solution
13. Answer (2, 4) P

(A) It is incorrect as isothermal process is graphically
represented like as shown
(B) For B  C  D, U = – ve and W = – ve V

 Q = – ve
A
(C) W = shaded area = + ve B
(D) Clockwise P – V cycle  C

  + ve work
14. Answer (1, 2)

AB is an isothermal process
 Internal energy at A = Internal energy at B.
V
PV
Applying = constant between A and B
T 4V0 B
P0V0 PB 4V0 P
  PB  0
T0 T0 4
V0 A
C
As it is not clearly indicated that BC is passing through origin, prediction T
about point C is not possible. T0
Section-C
Q.No. Solution
Comprehension
1. Answer (3)
Since, process AB is adiabatic process.
 P1 –  T  = C
1– 
P  
TB =  A  TA
 PB 
5
1–
3
3 5
=   3 TA
2
2
–
3 5
=   TA
2
0.4
2
=    1000
3
= 850 K
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Q.No. Solution
2. Answer (2)
nR TA – TB  1  25  150
WAB = =  1875 J
 –1 2
3
3
3. Answer (1)
Here, TB = 850 K
PB PC

TB TC
PC
 TC =  TB
PB
1
=  850
2
= 425 K
Heat lost in BC = nCvdT
3 25
= 1   425
2 3
= 5312.5 J
Section-D
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1)
Work and heat both are energies in transition.
2. Answer (4)
If water is converted into steam, its temperature does not change, still its internal energy increases.
3. Answer (2)
First law does not tell anything about the direction of heat flow. So, according to first law, there is no
bar on flow of heat from lower temperature to higher temperature according to first law.
4. Answer (1)
dH = dU + dW
At constant volume, dH1 = dU;  dW = 0
At constant pressure, dH2 = dU + dW

 dH2 > dH1
dH 2 dH1
 
ndT ndT
 CP > CV
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Q.No. Solution
5. Answer (4)
Specific heat capacity for adiabatic process is zero because dQ = 0
6. Answer (3)
Graph-1 represents isothermal compression and graph-2 represents
adiabatic compression, because slope of adiabatic is greater than the P
slope of isotherm. Area under graph-2 is more than the area under graph-
1. So, work done in adiabatic process is more than the work done in 2
isothermal process described in question. 1
In isothermal compression temperature remains constant while in 3
adiabatic compression temperature increases. O V
7. Answer (2)
Both statements are independently correct.
8. Answer (2)
CP
  1.67 for He
CV
and    1.40 for H2
Section-E
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer : A(p), B(q), C(q), D(p)

(A) ‘PV’ increases in process-1. So T increases  U1 = + ve.
(B) P  T. So T decreases  U2 = – ve
(C) V  T. So, T decreases  U3 = – ve
(D) Cycle is clockwise  work during cycle = + ve
2. Answer : A(p), B(q, s), C(r)

(A) In process-1 gas expands. So, W1 is positive U1 is also positive. So Q1 is positive.
(B) Q2 = U2 = – ve
In process-3, gas is compressed. So, W3 is – ve. U3 is also negative, So, Q3 is negative.
(C) In isochoric process, dV = 0  W2 = 0
3. Answer : A(p, q, r), B(r, s, t), C(p, t), D(p, q, s, t)

Free expansion, W = 0, T = 0 then Q = 0
Adiabatic compression, Q = 0, W < 0  U > 0  T > 0
Isothermal compression, T = 0, W < 0
If initial and final volume is same then process may or may not be isochoric
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Q.No. Solution
4. Answer : A(q, r), B(s), C(p), D(s, t), E(r)
(A) In isothermal process, temperature remains constant, so there is no change in internal energy.
(B) In adiabatic expansion, W is positive, U negative hence, internal energy decreases.
(C) In isobaric expansion temperature increases so, the internal energy increases.
(D) In isochoric expansion temperature decreases, so the internal energy decreases and work done
also zero.
(E) In cyclic process, change in internal energy is zero
5. Answer : A(s), B(t), C(r), D(p), E(q)
(A) Since, in isothermal compression work done is negative, dQ < 0
(B) In adiabatic process Q = 0, U = – w
(C) In isochoric process w = 0, Q = w
(D) For cyclic process w = 0, Q = w
(E) Melting process U = mL
6. Answer A(q); B(p, r); C(p, s), D(q, s)
(A) in free expansion W = U = Q = 0
(B), (C) & (D)

n
PV = const. if n< Q>0
n> Q<0
n= Q=0
n=1 T = constant
n>1 T decreases
n<1 T increases
7. Answer A(p, r, t), B(p, r), C(q, s), D(r, t)
In AB temperature and volume are decreasing.
In BC temperature decreases, volume does not change
In CD temperature and volume increase
In DA final temperature equals initial temperature. Also, volume decreases.
For all processes use U = nCvT, W =  pdV , Q = U + W
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Section-F
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (7)
P0.A
Pin.A
mg
Since process is quasistatic
mg 10
Pin  P0   105  4  2  105 N/m2
A 10
Since process is isobaric, so
QP = n CP T

7
2P0 
mg
A 
 v   7  2  105  10 4  0.1  7 J
2
2. Answer (3)
P
Relation between P and V is

P = kV
 PV–1 = k
 x = –1
5 R
C R  C  3R
2 2
x=3
3. Answer (6)
WBC = 0
WDA = 0
VB
WAB = nRT1 loge = –2.303 nRT1 loge 2
VA
VD
WCD = nRT2 loge = 2.303 nRT2 loge 2
VC
 Wtotal = nR × 300 × loge 2

so x = 6
- 108 -
Q.No. Solution
4. Answer (4)
TV – 1 = constant
7

5
2
 V 5
2
TV
i i
5
  Ti  i 
 32 
 =4
Section-G
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (2)
Statement 1 : The temperature of a system can be increased without supplying heat by the suddenly
compression.
Statement 2 : Now, since work done is the area under P-V diagram
P2
P1
V1 V2

4 ( P 2 – P 1) (V 2 – V 1)
Statement 3 : Slope of the isothermal process = P
and slope of the adiabatic process = – P
Slope of adiabatic process P
  
Slope of isothermal process P
2. Answer (4)
Statement 1 : This is not necessary.
Statement 2 : Since, Q = 0  C = 0
Statement 3 : Heat is a path dependent function.
Section-H
Q.No. Solution
1. As final temperature is double of initial temperature, U = 3.25 J

1
w=  fdx =
2
(10.5)  0.1  5  (0.4 – 0.1)
= 0.25 + 1.5 = 1.75 J

Q = U + w = 3.25 + 1.75 = 5 J
- 109 -
Q.No. Solution
2. Before heating P1A = kx1 A = area of piston, x1 = compression in spring
 P1V1 = P1Ax1 = kx12
After heating P2A = kx2 [x2 = compression in spring]
 P2V2 = P2Ax2 = kx22
1 1 
 nRT = P2V2 – P1V1 kx22 = kx12 = 2  kx22  kx12  = 2 × 5 = 10 J
2 2 
nCvT = 25 J
Cv 25 5
  
R 10 2
5
 Cv  R  Gas is diatomic.
2
3. Answer (1, 2, 4)
3
 V 2
3
PV 2
 P    P = 8P
1
4
TV – 1 = k  T = 2T
V
PV – 8P 
W  4  – PV  –2PV
 –1 1
2
4. Q = U + W
 –Q   N  1
Q  U     U  Q  N 
 N   
R T R T 5  N  1
  R T  Q  
 –1 7 2  N 
–1
5
2Q  N  1
RT =
5  N 
Now, Q = ·CT
5R T  N 
Q  N  1
2  
Q
C
T
5NR
C
2[N  1]
 N = 5
- 110 -
Q.No. Solution
5. Answer (4)
      3 P0V0
W   4 P0V0  P0V0   2P0V0  P0V0    2P0V0
 2   4  4
R T 3
U   R T
5 2
1
3
3 3
= P2V2  PV  = P0  2V0  2P0  V0 
2
1 1
2
 3
Q  W  U  P0V0 2 
 4 
 x=4
6. Answer A(p, q, r, s, t), B(p), C(p, s, t), D(s)

For a curve with slope greater than isotherm, T < 0
For a curve with slope greater than adiabatic, Q < 0
For V > 0, w > 0
7. V2 3V
W = nRT ln = 2R  400 ln = 800 R ln (3)
V1 V
8. Temperature at B is highest and the temperature at A is lowest because the value of ‘P.V’ is highest at
B and lowest at A.
 TB = 2TA
B B
WAB = 
A

PdV  KV .dV
A
( P = KV)
B
 KV 2   PV 
B
PBVB  PAVA nR (TB  TA )
=     2   
 2  A  A 2 2
3
U AB  nR (TB  TA )
2
Q AB  W AB  U AB  2nR (TB  TA ) = Heat absorbed
Wcycle = area of triangle
1
= (VC  VA )  (PB  PC )
2
1
= (PBVC  PCVA  PBVA  PCVC )
2
1
= (PBVB  PAVA  PBVA  PCVB ); ( VB  VC and PA  PC )
2
PA PB
   PBVA  PAVB  PCVC
VA VB
1 nR
 Wcycle = (PBVB  PAV A  2PCVC )  (T A  TB  2TC )
2 2
- 111 -
Q.No. Solution
VA T A P T V .P T .T
  and B  B  A B  A 2B
VC TC PC TC VC .PC TC
 TC  TA  TB ( VA PB  VC PC )
Wcycle TA  TB  2 TATB
   100   25 ; ( TB  2TA )
Q AB TB  TA
  ~ 4.29% ~ 5%
9. (i) Let us consider the given 1 mole of gas and raise its temperature by 1°C. Then the heat required
will be equal to specific heat capacity.
3
Change in internal energy, U  R ( monoatomic gas)
2
dW = PdV
 PV  nRT  R (T0  4V )

R  T0    T0 
=   4 .dT  P  R   4 
4  V    V 
 T  T  4V  dT  4dV
 0
dW
 = work done in raising temperature by 1°C for 1 mole
dT
R  T0 
=   4
4V 
dW R T 
 C  U  = 10  0 
dT 4 V 
(ii) 
Q  nCdT
4V0
R T 
= 
V0
10  0 .4dV = 30 V0R + RT0 ln 4
4 V 
10. P1
P2 
2
T1
 T2   150 K
2
(P1, V1, T1)
(P2, V2, T2) (P3, V3, T3)
O V
Heat released in isochoric compression,
Q1 = – nCVT = –2CV  150
= – 300 CV
- 112 -
Q.No. Solution
Heat absorbed in isobaric expansion,

Q2 = – nCPT = 2CP  150
= 300 CP
Total heat absorbed, Q = Q1 + Q2 = 300 (CP – CV)
= 300 R = 2.5 kJ
11. Q = U + W
R
= nCVT + W = n T  W
(   1)
W  PdV 
nRT a a
  V
.dV ; V
T
 dV   2 .dT
T
T  a

  nRT . . 2 .dT
a T
= – nRT
nRT
 Q  nRT
 1
 1 
 nRT   1
  1 
 1 
= 1 R  100  1
 1 . 4  1 
= 150 R



- 113 -

Thermo2 12th

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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)

10. Answer (3)

11. Answer (2)

12. Answer (4)

13. Answer (4)

14. Answer (3)

15. Answer (3)

16. Answer (1)

17. Answer (1)

18. Answer (4)

19. Answer (4)

20. Answer (3)

21. Answer (4)

22. Answer (1)

23. Answer (2)

24. Answer (3)

25. Answer (2)

26. Answer (1)

27. Answer (3)

28. Answer (2)

29. Answer (1)

30. Answer (3)

31. Answer (4)

32. Answer (2)

33. Answer (3)

34. Answer (3)

35. Answer (1)

36. Answer (4)

37. Answer (2)

38. Answer (2)

39. Answer (2)

40. Answer (2)

41. Answer (4)

42. Answer (1)

43. Answer (3)

44. Answer (2)

45. Answer (1)

46. Answer (3)

47. Answer (4)

2P0 .V0  nRT A 

Gas is undergoing expansion. So, W > 0

48. Answer (3)

49. Answer (3)

50. Answer (1)

W = Patm. . A . x = 105  (40  10–4)  (5  10–2) = 20 J

51. Answer (1)

Here, TV3 = constant

52. Answer (3)

53. Answer (3)

54. Answer (4)

55. Answer (4)

For polyatomic it is even higher.

56. Answer (2)

57. Answer (3)

58. Answer (1)

= 200 + 600 – 300 = 500 J

= 200 + 600 = 800 J

59. Answer (3)

P, V, T  2P, V, 2T  2P, 2V, 4T

Over all temperature change = 3 T

60. Answer (3)

 m < m because m is slope of dotted line

So, in moving from 1  2  3, P increases and so V increases

61. Answer (3)