Phytochemicalanalysisofhelianthusannuslin Angiospermsasteraceae

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HELIANTHUS ANNUS LIN., (ANGIOSPERMS:

ASTERACEAE)
Article in WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES · March 2017

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20173-8725
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WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Harris et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
SJIF Impact Factor 6.647
Volume 6, Issue 3, 825-846 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HELIANTHUS ANNUS LIN.,

(ANGIOSPERMS: ASTERACEAE)
Devshree Verma, Meena Sahu and K.K. Harris*
Department of Zoology, Government DB Girls’ PG College, Raipur (C.G).
Article Received on
ABSTRACT
29 Dec. 2016, Qualitative and Quantitative phytochemical analysis of leaf, seed and
Revised on 19 Jan. 2017,
Accepted on 09 Feb. 2017 stem of Helianthus annus L., were performed using ethanol, methanol,
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20173-8725 chloroform and petroleum ether extracts using Soxhlet apparatus.
Standard methods outlined by Trease and Evans (1989) and Sofowora
*Corresponding Author’ (1993) were followed. The phytochemical analysis of leaves, seeds and
Dr. K.K. Harris stems extracts of H. annus L. revealed the presence of saponins,
Department of Zoology,
tannins, alkaloids flavonoids, anthraquinones, reducing sugars and
Government DB Girls' PG
terpenoids in varying proportions. However, cardiac glycosides were
College, Raipur (C.G).
absent in all the samples studied. Helianthus annus L., leaf extracts
revealed Alkaloids 5.7%; Phenol 4.59%; Flavonoid 2.92%; Saponins 2.85% and Tannins
0.62%. Helianthus annus LIN seeds showed the presence of Alkaloids 14%; Phenols 3.16%;
Flavonoids 5.35%; Saponins 4.18% and Tannins 0.42%; while the stem extracts revealed the
presence of Alkaloids 4.3%; Phenol 3.52%; Flavonoid 3.96%; Saponins 7.74% and Tannins
0.13%.
KEYWORDS: Helianthus annus L., Phytochemical analysis, Proximate analysis, TLC,

Antisickling effects.
INTRODUCTION
In recent years therapeutic plants has been in the mainstream as an economical and
commercial alternatives. The therapeutic assessment of these plants and studies on their
biological constituents has been the main focus of research in developing countries[1] The
practice of therapeutic plants in the system of drug, i.e. Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha is well
recognized. Nearly 3000 plants are authoritatively documented for their therapeutic worth
and over 6000 plants are used in traditional, herbal and old drug organization in India.[2]
www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 3, 2017. 825

Therapeutic plants contain bioactive elements such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and
phenolic compounds.[3-6] A therapeutic plant possesses vigorous constituents which can be
used for healing drives or contain substance mixes that can be used for the formulation of
medicines. Therapeutic plants have been in practice nowadays. The therapeutic worth of
these plants lies in bio actives phytochemical ingredients that has healing effect on the human
body.[7,8] Plant components are natural bioactive combinations present in plants which
provide defense machineries against illnesses and anxiety circumstances.[9] Plant leaves, bark,
flowers, roots, seeds, fruits, etc. can possess different therapeutic properties[10] The
antimicrobial actions of plants are attributed to the natural elements present in the plants.
These bioactive components contain alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides,
anthra-quinones, etc.[11] Studies pertaining to the phytochemical screening of plants are many.
Plants studied with their authorities are as follows:- Ficus racemose,[12] Achyranthus aspera,
Parthenium hysterophorus, Acalypha indica, Lindenbergia indica, Euphorbia hirta, and
Peristrophe bicalyculata,[13] Indigofera aspalathoides,[14] Solanum nigrum L and
[15] [16] [17]
S.myriacanthus, Solanum melongena, Piliostigma thonningii, Telosma africanum,[18]
Acacia senegal,[19] Euphorbia guyoniana,[20] Psoralea corylifolia,[21] Imperata cylindrica,[22]
Costus igneus,[23] Moringa oleifera,[24] Trema cannabina Lour.,[25] Aspilia africana and
Tithonia diversifolia,[26] Oxytenanthera abyssinica,[27] Taraxacum officinale,[28] Holoptelea
[29]
integrifolia (Planch.) and Celestrus emarginata (Grah)., Lasia spinosa,[30] Ephedra
sinica,[31] Pisonea aculeate,[32] Cola nitida and Cola acuminate,[33] Trewia nudiflora,[34]
Zanthoxylum rhetsa ,[35] Limonia acidissima L.,[36] Tridax procumbens Linn,[37] Marsilea
minuta Linn.[38] Pteris argyreae, Pteris vittata L., Pteris biaurita L, Pteris confusa and Pteris
multiaurita,[39] Jasminum multiflorum,[40] Ziziphus oenoplia,[41] Limonium brasiliense,[42]
Moringa oleifera,[43] Aerva lanata, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia
catappa, Zea mays, Tribulus terrestris and Boerhaavia diffusa,[44] Lagerstroemia microcarpa
Wt., Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb., Lawsonia inermis L., Antigonon leptopus ,[45] Eucalyptus
camaldulensis,[46] Hibiscus sabdariffa,[47] Saraca asoca,[48] Juncus maritumus Asch &
Buschen Leaves,[49] Guiera senegalensis,[50] Capsicum annuum and Molasses dates,[51]
Jatropha curcas L.,[52] Acanthospermum hispidium,[53] Heliotropium indicum, [54] nigrum L, S.
myriacanthus Dunal, Solanum melongena and Averrhoa bilimbi,[55] Moringa concanensis
[56]
Nimmo, Garcinia indica, Jatropha curcas, Nigella sativa, Levisticum officinales,
Dracaena loureiri, Woodfordia fruticosa, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Foeniculum vulgare,
Sapindus saponaria, Annona squamosal,[57] Acalypha indica L. Achyranthes aspera L.,
Amaranthus spinosus L., Anisomeles malabarica (L.) Kuntze, Aponogeton natans (L.),

Aristolochia bracteolata Lam, Asparagus racemosus Willd. Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.,
Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Cissus quadrangularis L. Mart. Cissus setosa Wallich,
Coldenia procumbens L., Corchorus aestuans L., Crinum asiaticum L. Euphorbia
cycthophora L.Gloriosa superba L., Heliotropium indicum L., Martynia annua L.,
Nasturtium indicum DC, Pedalium murex L., Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn,
Plumbago zeylanica L., Portulaca oleracea L., Ricinus communis L., Sarcostemma
intermedium Dcne.[58] Ocimum americanum L.[59] Areca catechu nut,[60] Mimusops elengi
L.[61] were analyzed in India and abroad.
The present study analyses the phytochemical composition of the leaf, stem and seed extracts
of Helianthus annus L. The phytochemical constituents are further discussed in light of their
anti-sickling properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

I. Collection of Samples
The fresh leaves, stems and seeds of Helianthus annus L. were simultaneously collected from
cultivated farms and the open fields of Mahasamund district. Fresh parts of the plants were
identified and authenticated prior to phytochemical analysis. The leaves, stems and seeds
were separately cut into small bits, and air dried on shadow for two weeks. After dry they
were grinded into powdered with 1 mm size by using a Grinder machine before being
subjected to phytochemical screening.
LEAVES OF SUNFLOWER STEMS OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS OF SUNFLOWER
II. Preparation of Extracts

Four solvents are used for the extraction of different parts of the plants based on their
increasing polarity. These are ethanol, methanol and chloroform and petroleum ether. 30g of
the powdered leaves, seeds and stems of L Helianthus annus L., were extracted with different
solvents in Soxhlet apparatus in 250 ml of each solvents separately for 48 hours and they

were concentrated by slow evaporation process.[62] The obtained crude extracts were kept in
closed container for preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis.
III. Phytochemical Screening

The extract of each powdered parts of plants were used for phytochemical tests and to
identify the constituents, standard procedures were carried out as described by Trease and
Evans1989 and Sofowora 1993. Tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, terpenoides,
flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones were estimated following standard
methods.[63-64]
A. Qualitative Analysis
1) Tannins
0.5 g of the extract was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water, then a few drops of 1% ferric
chloride solution was added to obtain a brownish green or blue black precipitate, which
confirms the presence of tannin.
2) Saponins
0.5 g of the extract was dissolved in 5 ml distilled water. The mixture was shaken vigorously.
Formation of stable persistent froth shows the presence of saponins. A further addition of 6
drops of olive oil while shaking forms an emulsion, confirming the presence of saponins.
3) Reducing sugars
1 gm of the extract was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water. This extract was boiled with
Fehling solution A and B in test tube and colour changes were observed. Presence of brick
red colour indicated the presence of reducing sugar.
4) Alkaloids
6 ml of extract was mixed with 6 ml of 1% HCl in steam bath, and then it was filtered. 1 ml
of Mayer’s reagent was added. Presence of turbidity shows presence of alkaloids. Further
addition of a few drops of olive oil to form an emulsion confirmed the presence of alkaloids.
5) Terpenoids
0.5 gm extract was dissolved in 2 ml of chloroform then 3 ml concentrated sulfuric acid was
added, a reddish brown colour in interphase indicates the presence of terpenoids.

6) Flavonoids
5 ml dilute ammonia was added to 5 ml extract and then 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid was
added. Formation of yellow colour shows the presence of flavonoids.
7) Cardiac glycosides
2.5 g of extract was added to 2.5 ml distilled water. 1 ml glacial acetic acid containing a few
drops of ferric chloride was added then 0.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added.
Presence of brown ring at the interphase indicates the presence of deoxy sugar. A violet ring
below the brown ring was observed, while a greenish ring also appears above the brown ring,
confirming the presence of Cardiac Glycosides.
8) Anthraquinones
2.5 g extract was dissolved in 5 ml of conc. Sulfuric acid and filtered. The filtrate was
dissolved in 2.5 ml of chloroform. Chloroform layer was pipetted into a tube and 0.5 ml of
10% diluted ammonia was added. Formation of pink red or violet colour shows the presence
of anthraquinones.
9) Phenols
2 ml of extract was dissolved in 4 ml of distilled water and added few drops of 10% FeCl3.
Appearance of blue or green colour indicates presence of phenols.
B. Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis of phytochemical (alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and tannins)
was done using standard methods.[65-72]
C. Thin Layer Chromatography

TLC was used for the conformation of the different secondary metabolites on analytical
plates.
The prepared extract of leaves seeds and stems were dissolved in their respective solvents
with 1 mg/ml concentration. 10 μml of the extract were loaded on the analytical plate (2.5 cm
above from the bottom) and dried on air for thirty minutes. The spotted plates were kept in a
previously saturated developing chambers containing mobile phase and allowed to run 3/4th
of the height of the prepared plates.[73] There solvent system contains petroleum ether:
benzene: methanol (16:3:2) as mobile phase. The different bands of chromatograms were
observed under visible light and photographed. Different spraying reagents were used for the

detection of different bioactive compounds like Dragendorffs reagent for alkaloids, Con. HCl
for saponins, Ammonia solution for flavonoids, FeCl3 for phenol, CHCl3 for Cardiac
glycosides and 1 mg/ml KOH in CH3OH for anthraquinone. The Rf values were calculated.
IV. Proximate Analysis

The moisture, dry matter, total ash, total carbohydrate, total fat and protein were determined
by the following standard methods.[74-75] Apart from this, methods [76-84] were also referred.
RESULTS
I. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
The overall qualitative findings are summarized in Table- 1. Tannins were present in
ethanolic and methanolic extract on leaf and stem but it showed negative results in the
ethanolic and methanolic seed extracts and were absent in the chloroform and petroleum
ether extracts. All parts of plants contained saponins in all the four samples, but were absent
in the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of the stem; reducing sugars were present in
ethanolic and methanolic leaf extract and stem extract, but were absent in the seed extract and
present in chloroform leaf extract and stem extracts. Alkaloids were present in ethanolic and
methanolic extract all parts of plant but were absent in chloroform and petroleum ether
extracts of all parts of plant; terpenoids were present in ethanolic, methanolic and
chloroform extracts of stem but absent in leaf and seed extracts, it showed positive results in
the petroleum ether seed and stem extracts, but were absent in leaf extract of petroleum ether;
flavonoids were present in all four type of extract but absent in petroleum ether leaf extract
and chloroform stem extract; cardiac glycosides were absent in all four type of extracts;
anthraquinones showed up prominently in the ethanolic and methanolic seed extracts, while it
showed negative results in petroleum ether and chloroform extracts in all parts of plants.
Phenols were present in ethanolic and methanolic extract but absent in petroleum ether
extract and chloroform extract all parts of plants.
II. QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

The results of the quantitative analysis are presented in Table-2 & 3. Figure 4 & 5 shows the
standard curves for Tannic acid and Gallic acid respectively while Figure-6 shows the
phytochemical composition of H. annus.

The compositions of secondary metabolites were as follows.

Helianthus annus L. Leaves: Alkaloids 5.7±0.05; Phenol 4.59±0.005; Flavonoid 2.92±0.01;
Saponins 2.85±0.13; Tanins 0.62±0.26.
Helianthus annus L. Seeds: Alkaloids 14±0.57; Phenol 3.16±0.01; Flavonoid 5.35±0.005;
Saponins 4.18±3.10; Tanins 0.42±0.02.
Helianthus annus L. Stems: Alkaloids 4.3±0.15; Phenols 3.52±0.008; Flavonoids
3.96±0.008; Saponins 7.74±2.80; Tannins 0.13± 0.05.
Quantitative phytochemical estimation of phenol was summarized in table-4 & 5. In which

the total phenolics was determined with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Gallic acid was used as
standard compounds and were expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent using the standard
curve equation y = 0.0061x + 0.0396, R2 =0.9991, where y is absorbance at 760 nm and x is
total phenolic content in different parts of the plants. Maximum phenolic content in leaves
(45.9±01 mg/g) then seeds (31.67±0.19 mg/g) then stems (35.25±0.15 mg/g).
For the determination of tannin standard procedure was followed by using Folin – Denis
method, the tannin concentration was determined by the standard graph of tannic acid
solution and were expressed as mg/g tannic acid equivalent using standard curve equation y =
0.027x + 0.036, R2 =0.998, where y is absorbance at 700 nm and x is tannin content.
III. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC)

TLC plates of Helianthus annus L. leaves, seeds and stem are shown in Figure 1-3. The
method of TLC involved solvent system of ethanol, methanol, Chloroform and petroleum
ether extract, in mobile phase petroleum ether: benzene: methanol (16:3:2). Number of spots
and Rf values with their detecting reagents are shown in Tables 6-17.
IV. THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

The results of the proximate composition are presented in Table-18
Helianthus annus L. Leaves: The proximate composition were found to be dry matter 94.56
± 1.20; Moisture 5.43 ± 1.20; Ash 27± 1; Fiber 19.48 ± 1.58; Fat 11 ± 1; 9.96 ± 0.44;
Carbohydrate 26.44 ± 4.16; Nutritive value 249±12.28.

Helianthus annus L. Seeds: The proximate composition were found to be dry matter 94.18 ±
0.74; Moisture 5.81 ± 0.74; Ash 18.33 ± 0.57; Fiber 8.38± 0.53; Fat 37.33±0.57; Protein
11.09±0.25 Carbohydrate 18.42±0.49; Nutritive value 457.33±1.52.
Helianthus annus L. Stems: The proximate composition were found to be dry matter 94± 1;
Moisture 6± 1; Ash 27.33± 0.57; Fiber 7.4± 0.52; Protein 6.66± 0.40; Carbohydrate 40.57±
1.06; Nutritive value 293± 9.16.
Table 1: Phytochemical constituents of the extracts of Helianthus annus L. the leaves,

stems and seeds.
PET.
ETHHANOLIC METHANOLIC CHLOROFORM
COMPONENTS ETHER
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
TANINS + - + + - + - - - - - -
SAPONINS + + + + + + + + - + - -
RED. SUGARS + + + + - + + - + - - -
ALKALOIDS + + + + + + - - - - - -
TERPINOIDS - - + - - + - - + - + +
FLAVONOIDS + + + + + + + + - - + +
C GLYCOSIDES - - - - - - - - - - - -
ANTHROQUINON - + - - + - - - - - - -
PHENOLS + + + + + + - - - - - -
1= Leaves; 2= Seeds; 3= Stem; + (Positive); - (Negative).
A B C D
Figure 1: TLC profiles of Helianthus annus L., Leaves: A=Ethanol extract (Table-6);
B=Methanol extract (Table-7); C=Chloroform extract (Table-8); D= Petroleum ether
extract (Table-9).

Table 6: TLC of Helianthus annus L. leaves ethanol extract in mobile phase petroleum
ether: benzene: methanol (16:3:2).
Rf Colour of Spraying Appeared
Bands Phytochemicals
Values Bands reagents Bands
1 0.054 Dark green Con. HCl Dark brown Saponins
2 0.082 Yellow NH3 solution Yellow Flavonoid
4 0.41 Light grey FeCl3 Green Phenol
5 0.97 Orange Dragendorffs R Orange Alkaloid
Table 7: TLC of Helianthus annus L. leaves methanol extract in mobile phase petroleum
Bands Rf Colour of Spraying Appeared
Phytochemicals
values bands reagents bands
Table 8: TLC of Helianthus annus L. leaves chloroform extract in mobile phase

petroleum ether: benzene: methanol (16:3:2).
value bands Reagents bands
Ammonia
2 0.19 Yellow Yellow Flavonoid
solution
Ammonia
solution
Table 9: TLC of Helianthus annus L. leaves petroleum ether extract in mobile phase
Rf Colour of Spraying Appeared Phytochemicals
Bands

A B C D
Figure 2: TLC profiles of Helianthus annus L. Seeds: A=Ethanol extracts (Table-10);

B=Methanol extracts (Table-11); C=Chloroform extracts (Table-12); D= Petroleum
ether extract (Table-13).
Table 10: TLC of Helianthus annus L. seeds ethanol extract in mobile phase petroleum
Bands Rf Colour of Spraying Appeared
Phytochemicals
Ammonia
solution
Table 11: TLC of Helianthus annus L. seeds methanol extract in mobile phase
Bands Rf Colour Spraying Appeared
Phytochemicals
value of bands Reagents bands
Ammonia
solution
Table 12: TLC of Helianthus annus L. seeds chloroform extract in mobile phase
Ammonia
solution

Table 13: TLC of Helianthus annus L. seeds petroleum ether extract in mobile phase
Bands Rf Colour Spraying Appeared
Phytochemicals
value of bands Reagents bands
Ammonia
solution
Ammonia
solution
A B C D
Figure 3: TLC profiles of Helianthus annus L. Stem: A=Ethanol extracts (Table-14);

B=Methanol extracts (Table-15); C=Chloroform extracts (Table-16); D= Petroleum
ether extract (Table-17)
Table 14: TLC of Helianthus annus L. stems; ethanol extract in mobile phase-petroleum
3 0.66 Yellow Ammonia solution Yellow Flavonoid

Table 15: TLC of Helianthus annus L. stems; methanol extract in mobile phase-
2 0.085 Yellow Ammonia solution Yellow Flavonoid
Table 16: TLC of Helianthus annus L. stems; chloroform extract in mobile phase-
1 0.08 Dark green Con. HCl Dark brown ND
2 0.12 Light grey FeCl3 Green ND
3 0.2 Light grey FeCl3 Green ND
Ammonia
4 0.72 Yellow Yellow ND
solution
5 0.92 Orange Dragendorffs R Orange ND
Table 17: TLC of Helianthus annus L. stems petroleum ether extract in mobile phase
Bands Rf Colour of Spraying Appeared Phytochem
value bands Reagents bands icals
Ammonia
solution
Ammonia
solution
Figure-4 Standard Curve for Phenol (Standard Concentration Curve for Tannic acid)

Table 4: Absorbance of Standard compound (Gallic Acid) conc. (μg/ml) Absorbance

(mean) λ max = 760 nm.
Concentration Absorbance
(µg/ml) (mean)
λ max = 760 nm
0.8 0.0456
1.6 0.0505
3.12 0.0572
6.25 0.0786
12.5 0.1133
25 0.1937
Figure 5: Standard Curve for Phenol (Standard concentration curve of Gallic acid)
Table -5: Total phenolic contents in different parts of Hydro-alcoholic extracts of

Helianthus annus L. Sample Concentration (μg/ml) Mean±SD.
Extracts Concentration (µg/ml) Mean ± SD
Leaves 1000 45.9±01
Seeds 1000 31.67±0.19
Stems 1000 35.25±0.15
Table 2: Percentage composition of phytochemical constituents of leaves, seeds and

stems of Helianthus annus L.
CONSTITUENTS LEAF SEED STEM
Alkaloids 5.7 14 4.3
Phenol 4.59 3.16 3.52
Flavanoids 2.92 5.35 3.96
Saponins 2.85 4.18 7.74
Tanins 0.62 0.42 0.13

16
14
12
10
LEAF
8
SEED
6
STEM
4
0
Alkaloid Phenol Flavanoid Saponins Tanin
Figure 6: Graphical representation of percentage composition of phytochemicals found

in Helianthus annus L.
Table 3: Quantitative phytochemical estimation of Helianthus annus L. results are given

as percentage.
CONSTITENTS ALKALOIDS PHENOL FLAVONOID SAPONINS TANINS
Leaves 5.7±0.05 4.59±0.005 2.92±0.01 2.85±0.13 0.62±0.26
Seeds 14±0.57 3.16±0.01 5.35±0.005 4.18±3.10 0.42±0.02
Stems 4.3±0.15 3.52±0.008 3.96±0.008 7.74±2.80 0.13± 0.05
The results are the mean of the percentage of triplicate estimation ± standard error.
Table 18: Results of Proximate analysis of Helianthus annus L., is given as percentage.
The results are the mean of the percentage of triplicate estimation ± SD.
% COMPONENTS LEAF SEED STEM
Dry matter 94.56 ± 1.20 94.18 ± 0.74 94± 1
Moisture 5.43 ± 1.20 5.81 ± 0.74 6± 1
Ash 27± 1 18.33 ± 0.57 27.33± 0.57
Fiber 19.48 ± 1.58 8.38± 0.53 7.4± 0.52
Fat 11 ± 1 37.33±0.57 11.33±0.57
Protein 9.96 ± 0.44 11.09±0.25 6.66± 0.40
Carbohydrate 26.44 ± 4.16 18.42±0.49 40.57± 1.06
Nutritive value 249±12.28 457.33±1.52 293± 9.16
DISCUSSION
The medicinal properties possessed by plants extracts have been exploited by native people
from ancient times.[85] Phytochemicals from medicinal plants generally includes saponins,
tannins anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, etc. Some other examples of disease treating
components of plants include morphine, atropine, codeine, steroids, lactones and volatile oils.
In recent years these bioactive components are used in different forms such as infusions,

syrups, concoctions, decoctions, essential oils, ointments and creams. Many plants have been
investigated in vitro and have shown potential to cure sickle cell disease (SCD). The common
examples are Fagara zanthoxyloides,[86] and Khaya senegalensis.[87] In the emerging world
phytomedicines could be important in the management of SCD. In this context, some of the
plants reported for the management of SCD are M. charantia,[88] Cymbopogon citrates,
Camellia sinensis,[89] Scoparia dulcis,[90] and Aged garlic.[91] Studies on the crude aqueous
extract of Zanthoxylum macrophylla roots were reported to possess anti-sickling
properties.[92]
CONCLUSIONS
In the light of the results of photochemical analysis of the leaves, stem and seeds Helianthus
annus L. we may conclude that the constituents present may possess antisickling properties.
Further research towards preparation of an effective medicine, from the phytochemicals
extracted from plants reported to having antisickling properties, in various concentrations, for
the relief of over 270 million Global Sickle Cell Disease patients during the Crisis Stage
needs to be introduced.
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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HELIANTHUS ANNUS LIN., (ANGIOSPERMS:

Article in WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES · March 2017

Meena Sahu Kk Haris

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Volume 6, Issue 3, 825-846 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HELIANTHUS ANNUS LIN.,

Devshree Verma, Meena Sahu and K.K. Harris*

Department of Zoology, Government DB Girls’ PG College, Raipur (C.G).

KEYWORDS: Helianthus annus L., Phytochemical analysis, Proximate analysis, TLC,

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

LEAVES OF SUNFLOWER STEMS OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS OF SUNFLOWER

II. Preparation of Extracts

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III. Phytochemical Screening

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C. Thin Layer Chromatography

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IV. Proximate Analysis

II. QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

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The compositions of secondary metabolites were as follows.

Quantitative phytochemical estimation of phenol was summarized in table-4 & 5. In which

III. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC)

IV. THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

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Table 1: Phytochemical constituents of the extracts of Helianthus annus L. the leaves,

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Table 8: TLC of Helianthus annus L. leaves chloroform extract in mobile phase

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Figure 2: TLC profiles of Helianthus annus L. Seeds: A=Ethanol extracts (Table-10);

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Figure 3: TLC profiles of Helianthus annus L. Stem: A=Ethanol extracts (Table-14);

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Table 4: Absorbance of Standard compound (Gallic Acid) conc. (μg/ml) Absorbance

Table -5: Total phenolic contents in different parts of Hydro-alcoholic extracts of

Table 2: Percentage composition of phytochemical constituents of leaves, seeds and

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Figure 6: Graphical representation of percentage composition of phytochemicals found

Table 3: Quantitative phytochemical estimation of Helianthus annus L. results are given

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34. Balakrishnan N, Shrivastava M and Tiwari P. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and

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59. Ingole SN. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Ocimum americanum L.

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www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 3, 2017. 845

88. Semiz A, Sen A. Antioxidant and chemoprotective properties of Momordica charantia L.

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 3, 2017. 846

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