Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning

Mid-semester Project Report:-

Topic: R744 Gas Cooler Model

Development and Validation

Objective-

A Fully meshed Gambit Model Is developed for the gas-cooler to be used

inside the project for further evaluation and simulation based upon a set of
given boundary conditions.

Contents-

1. The model parameters indicated by a labelled diagram.

2. The model with its design parameters is made similar to the actual
one specified in the paper.
3. Meshing of the whole model, step by step.
4. Initializing the problem in Fluent 6.3
5. Solving
6. Analysing the results.

1. The model parameters , and diagram-

Top View-
Front View-

Basic Model on gambit-

2. The Model with the required design parameters

a) Refrigerant R744 enters the first cylinder head.

b) Refrigerant goes for the second iteration after passing through
the first iteration.

c) It completes its second cycle.

d) Goes for 3rd iteration.

e) Exits from the second cylinder head
 Step 3 - Step By Step Meshing-

Similarly the whole model is meshed

4.. Step 4:-

Initialising the set up in Fluent-
Checking and displaying the grids
a. Main Menu > Grid > Check
b. Main Menu > Grid > Info > Size
These are the results of Grid Checking inside fluent..so far the model
is compatible.
*Warning for zone type is taken care of later in initialisation step in
fluent.

c. Main Menu > Define > Models > Solver

Implicit Formulation and Absolute Velocity Formulation are chosen in
this process
d. Main Menu > Define > Models > Viscous-
Since the flow will remain laminar throughout, so laminar is
selected in this .
e. Main Menu > Define > Models > Energy-
Energy equations are also selected to be present in the
calculation because we are interested in determining the
temperature distribution also.
f. Main Menu > Define > Materials-
In this section, the density and viscosity of CO2 is set as
follows:-
Density- 1.98Kg/m3
Viscocity- 0.07 cP at −78.5 °C.
But as we know that the density and viscocity will vary with the
temperature. Moreover all the simulation is going to be in transcritical
state, so, we define the density and viscosity as polynomial function as
follows-
. ρ1 = ρ0 / (1 + β (t1 - t0)).

.
It will be necessary othervise the result might not be correct.

g. Main Menu > Define > Operating Conditions-

h. Main Menu > Define > Boundary Conditions-
The boundary conditions were already defined in GAMBIT, and now we
check that the boundary conditions are same in fluent.
In the zone section is the group of our boundaries, and in Type
section is the boundary type.

i. We calculate the inlet velocity for the pipe from the given data by
mass flow rate , area of duct and density . The velocity comes out
to be 89.7m/s.
 J. similar steps are repeated to 7 set of values from the paper to
analyse the results and hence FLUENT is initialised.
h. We set the K= 18W/Mk.

Step 5. SOLVING-
a. Main Menu > Solve > Controls > Solution
In this menu , we set the Pressure to linear, based upon the
given set of values.And for momentum , we use 2ND order
upwind.

b. Main Menu > Solve > Initialize > Initialize

Gauge pressure has to be set at 0 , as we have already defined the
inlet Pressure as 1107 pascals , and radial velocity at 0.
c. Main Menu > Solve > Monitors > Residual

We set the iterations to 1000. We also set the absolute convergence

criteria as = .000001. We also select Plot simultaneously , so that it
goes on giving the graph of essential variables as a function of
distance along the tube.
 d. Although we put the no. of iterations to be 1000 but it converges
at the 49th iteration , which is given in the figure, and it is also
shown the velocity and temperature calculations.

Solution conv.
e. The plot of essential variables is simultaneously generated and
plotted as follows-

1. As we see that the velocity and total energy goes on decreasing

as we go away from the starting point.
2. The continuity is a bit disturbed at the start of the simulation
because of the unique geometry.

f. This the plot of Static pressure against the position along the tube.
It can be seen that the pressure plot is similar to the actual plot of
Pressure in the paper.

At a distance very close to the tube inlet, the calculated graph shows
a bit discrepancy , which can be attributed to high turbulence due to
distributed inlet.
g. Display of contours- the velocity profile is as shown
This has been displayed for a single tube for an enlarged view.

h. Mass flow rate distribution in the pipes separately shown-

The mass flow rate is same in all the pipes for any iteration ,and it
can be seen as follows.
i.
Name- Dheeraj Kumar
ID. No. 2010A4PS014P
Name- Kunal Saluja
ID. No.-2010A4PS314P