A PROJECT REPORT

ON
A STUDY OF WATER ANALYSIS DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS .

SESSION-2018—2019.
A PROJECT IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
REQUIREMENT FOR THE B.TECH IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (ECE).

SUBMITTED BY
SUBHADIP LAYEK

SOUJIT DAS

SOUMIK DAS

TITAS SAHA

TRISIT GHOSH

GUIDED BY
 DR. TRINA DUTTA ,HEAD,CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT.

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING.
A STUDY OF WATER ANALYSIS DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL
PARAMETERS.
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

SUBMITTED BY
NAME
REG NO
SUBHADIP LAYEK 181230110252
SOUJIT DAS 181230110244
 SOUMIK DAS 181230110245
TITAS SAHA 181230110260
TRISIT GHOSH 181230110261

CONTENTS:-
. INTRODUCTION.

.OBJECTIVE OF THE CURRENT STUDY.

.DEFINITION.

.MATERIAL THAT CAUSES WATER TO BE TURBID

.INCLUDES.

.CAUSES.

.MEASUREMENT.

.PRINCIPLE.

.INTERFERENCE.

.PROCEDURE.
.ANALYSIS AND RESULT.

.CONCLUSION.

.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.

OBJECTIVE:-To determine the physical parameters such as

turbidity and temperature of a water sample.

INTRODUCTION:-It is needless to impaired the

importance of water in our life without water, there is no life
on our plane.
We need water for different purposes. We need water for
drinking, for industries, for irrigation, for surmising and
fishing,etc.water for different purpose has it own requirement
as to composition and purity. Each hardy of water needs to be
analysed on a regular basis to confirm to suitability. The types
of analysis could very from simple field testing for a single
analyse to lateratsry teased multi-component instrumental
analysis. The measurement of water quality is a very exacting
and time consuming process, and a large number of quantitatiy
Analytical methods are used for this purpose .
DEFINATION:-Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of
a liquid. It is an optical characteristic of water and is an
expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material is
the water when a light is shined through the water sample. The
higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity.
Water almost always contains suspended solids that
consist of many different particles of varying sires. Some of the
particles are large enough and heavy enough to eventually
settle is left standing. The smaller particles will only settle
slowly, it at all its these particles that cause the water to look
turbid.
In the most intuitive terms,temperature refers to how hot
or cold something is learn more about temperature as a
measure on the average kinetic energy of the particles in an
object and test your knowledge with questions. High school
biology. Theoretically, the coldest a system can be when its
temperature is zero at which point the thermal motion in
matter would be zero. However, an active physical system or
object can never attain a temperature of absolute zero.

MATERIAL THAT CAUSES WATER TO BE

TURBID INCLUDES:-

.Clay.

. Silt.
. Finely divided organic and inorganic matter.

. Soluble coloured organic compounds.

.Plankton.

.Microscopic organisms.

The turbidity of sample solution can be measured by

using nephelometer. It is usually measured in mepholometric
Turbidity units (N T U) or Jackson turbidity units (J T U)
sublimation.
1) The OMEGA Turbidity meter uses the principle of
Nephelonetry. As light of a known intensity is passed
through a sample some of the light will be scattered by
particles in the sample. The intensity of the scattered light
is compared to that of the scattered light is compared to
that of the source. This value is reported as a
Nephelometric turbidity unit, or N T U.

CAUSES:-Turbidity is open water may be caused by grouth

Of phytoplankton. Human activities that disturb land, such as

construction mining and ogriculture, can lead to high sediment
Levels entering water bodies during rain storms due to stom
water runoff. Areas prone to high bonk erosion rates as well as
urbanite areas also constitute large amounts of turbidity to
nearby waters, through storm water pollution from paved
surfaces such as roads, bridges and parting lots some
industries, such as quarrying, mining and cool recovery can
generated can generate very high levels of turbidity from
colloidal rock particles.
In water bodies such as lakes, rivers and reservoirs, high
turbidity levels can reduce the amount of high reaching lower
depths, which can inlet growth of submerged aquatic plants
and consequently affect species which are dependent on them,
such as fish and selfish. High turbidity levels can also affect the
turbidity ability of fish gills to absorb dished oxygen. This
phenomenon has been reference suspension is formation
polymer.
The turbidity of a specified concentration of formation
suspension is defined as 400 NT U.
The principal of LM35 sensor is comparing temperature based
on its resistance. Thus temperature that is converted to
voltage can be detected. The turbidity system in this
experiment is using nephelometer method with the light
scattered by suspended particles in field, with LED and photo
diode parallel to each other.

INTERFERENCE:-
.The presence of heating debris and coarse sediments will give
high readings.

.Air buddies will cause high results.

.Coloured samples will cause low results.

Turbidity is caused by suspended materials which absorb

and scatter light these colloidal and finely dispersed turbidity
causing materials do not seat under quiescent conditions and
are difficult to remove.

APPLICATION:-It is used to determine the

concentrations of suspended in a sample of water by measuring
the incident light scattered at right angle from the sample
Turbidity measured this way used on instrument called a
nephelometer with the detector set up to the side of the light
beam.
In partially all wastewater treatment plants,
measurement of turbidity or suspended particles is an
important step towards plant optimisation. Turbidity or the
relative clarity of a liquid is causal by the presence of
undeserved substances of every different kind generally too
high, a turbidity value indicates that the plants is not
functioning property.
PRINCIPLE:-This method is based on a comparison of the
intensity of light scattered by the sample under defined
conditions, with the intensity of light scattered by a standard
Reference suspension under the same conditions. The higher
the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity.
Commonly used primary standard regularly observed
throughout the chases bay in the eastern united states.

MEASUREMENT:-The most widely used measurement unit

for turbidity is the formalin turbidity unit (F T U).ISO refer its
units as FNU(formalin Nephometric unit) ISO 7027 provides the
method in water add for the determine of turbidity. It is used
to determine the concentration of suspended particles in a
sample of water by measurement the incident light scattered a
right angle from the sample.
There are several practical ways of checking water
quality, the most direct the some measure of attenuation of
light as it passes through a sample Colum of water. The
alliteratively used Jackson candle method is essentially the
inverse measure of the left of a Colum of water needed to
completely abscess a condole have viewed through ,The more
water needed the clearer the water.

PROCEDURE:-
A)General measurement techniques :-Proper measurement
techniques are important in minimising the effects of
instrument variables, as well as stray light and air barbells.
Regardless of the instrument used, the measurement accurate,
precise, and repeatable if close attention is paid to proper
measurement techniques.
B)Nephelometer calibration:-Follow the manufacture’s
operating instructions. Run at least one standard in each
instrument range to be used. Make certain the nephelometer
gives stable readings in all sensitivity ranges used.
C)Measurement of turbidity:-Gently agitate sample. Wait until
air bundles disappear and pour sample into cell. When possible,
pour well mixed sample into cell and immerse it in an ultrasonic
bath for 1to 2s or apply vacuum degassing, casing complete
burble release. Read turbidity directly from instrument display.
D)Calibration of continuous turbidity :-Calibrate continuous
turbidity monitors for low turbidity’s by determining turbidity
of the water flowing out of them using a laboratory model
nephelometer. As calibrate the instruments according to
manufacture’s instructions with formalin primary standard or
appreciate secondary standard.

ANALYSIS AND RESULT:-Interpret yours water Test

Result Many well owners need help understanding water test
results. One way to understand your results is to the lab that
did the testing. An alternating approach is to ask your country
health department. A third option is to use any tool that allows
you to type your water test results into the tool to
automatically get simple explanations about the potential
hedthrisks , treatment options and more. One serine is water
Test Interpretation Tool developed by the JIS COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING the department of chemistry.

CONCLUSION:-The physical parameters monitoring of the

Soujit Das water was carried on during November 2018. The
results reveal that the dissolved oxygen amount is high, ranging
in between 8.21 and 12.20 mg/l, the average oxygen deficit was
14.35%,which means that in respect of this parameter, the
river water can be considered to be in a good health state. The
oxygen deficit increases during the hot months, which is a
normal result as the amount of desorbed oxygen decrees with
the increase of temperature. The water hardness was another
parameter that was investigated. Examining table 1 we notice
that the average ca concentration was 8.92mg/l, which makes
the Titas Saha water a soft water.
Other physical parameters that were monitored were the total
suspended solves T D S parameters were found to be below the
maximum admitted values according to the Romanian
standards, as well, and the heavy metal concentration is below
the detection threshold.
 Overall, the results of this monotony reveal that the
health status of the Trisit Ghosh river water is very good
because there does not exist any significant parameter source
on the river.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:- This work was carried on

written the Frome of the CEEX programs 3822.