Fluid Machinery

Marcelino N. Lunag Jr
 Topic Level Outcomes (TLO’s)

• TLO 1: Introduction of pumps

• TLO 2: Estimation of head loss and estimation of Total

Dynamic Head of pumps handling different kinds of
fluids

• TLO 3: Efficiencies and Power Requirement

• TLO 4: Application of Bernoulli’s Principle in Total

Dynamic Head estimation, equivalent length in terms
of straight Pipe
 Total Head Losses
• The overall head loss for the pipe system
consists of the head loss due to viscous effects
in the straight pipes, termed the major loss
and denoted hL major , and the head loss in the
various pipe components, termed the minor
loss and denoted hL minor.
 Major Losses (Darcy–Weisbach
Equation) and Morse Equation

Colebrook formula ( turbulent Flow):

Minor Losses
Roughness Coefficient (ԑ)
Absolute Roughness for
different pipes
New Pipes Absolute roughness e for new
pipes in mm

Drawn tubing, Brass, Glass, Plastic smooth

Drawn tubing, brass, lead, glass, centrifugally spun cement, 0.0015

bituminous lining, transite

Copper tubing 0.0015

Commercial steel or wrought iron 0.046

Welded-steel pipe 0.046

Asphalt-dipped cast iron 0.12

Galvanized iron 0.15

Cast iron, average 0.25

Wood stave 0.18 to 0.9

Concrete 0.3 to 3

Riveted steel 0.9 to 9

Rubber pipe (straight) 0.025

Entrance and Exit Coefficient
Minor Losses
Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS)
standard
 Properties of Water at Various
Temperature
Temperature, °F Temperature, °C Specific Gravity Specific Weight, lb/ft3

39.1 4 1 62.43

50 10.0 0.9994 62.38

60 15.6 0.9988 62.34

70 21.1 0.9975 62.27

80 26.7 0.9963 62.19

90 32.2 0.9950 62.11

100 37.8 0.9932 62.00

120 48.9 0.9889 61.73

140 60.0 0.9834 61.39

Other Formula’s Friction Loss
Other Formula’s Friction Loss
 Problems: Estimating Head
losses
1. Water is flowing in 10 meter pipe made from
water mains,old with an elbow threaded regular
45 degrees. It has a radius of 25.4 cm at 15 m/s
at standard temperature. The density is 997
kg/m3 and viscosity is 1.13 Pa.s. What is the
Reynolds number for this situation and the total
Headloss?
2. Water at 60 °F flows
from the basement to the
second floor through the
0.75-in diameter copper
pipe (a drawn tubing) at a
rate of Q = 12.0 gal/min
and exits through a faucet
of diameter 0.50 in
• Determine the pressure
at point (1) if
– (a) all losses are
neglected,
– (b) the only losses
included are major
losses, or
– (c) all losses are
included.
3. A 300 gpm piping system is composed of the following
pipes and fittings. Determine the total friction loss in the
installation using the chart.
• Suction side (4”ⵁ)
• Length of straight pipe = 200’
• Long sweep elbow --> 5 pcs
• Standard tee --> 2 pcs
• Globe valve --> 1 pc
• Check valve --> 1 pc
• Angle valve --> 1 pc
• Discharge Side (3.5”ⵁ)
• Length of straight pipe = 250’
• Standard elbow --> 4 pcs
• Standard tee --> 3 pcs
• Angle valve --> 1 pc
• 4. A 1 m diameter New cast iron pipe
(C=130) and (n=0.012) is 845 m long and
has a head loss of 1.11 m. find the
discharge capacity of the pipe according to
hazen williams and mannings.
 Efficiencies and Power
Requirements

Conditions: incompressible,inviscid, steady

flow
 Example Problems
• 1. A pump is located 3 meters below the
pump’s centerline. The suction pipe is 120
mm diam and discharge side is 50 mm
diam. A total headloss due to friction of 6
meter is estimated. Determine the exit
velocity, flowrate, and inlet velocity of the
fluid. If the pump delivers 40 KW of power
to the water.
 Example Problems

2. A pump is to lift water from a source 10 ft below

pump centerline and to be discharged to a tank 60
ft above pump centerline. The installation uses
3”∅ and 2.5 “∅ pipe for suction and discharge
respectively. A pump is to handle 200 gpm of
water at 80°F. The loss of head due to friction can
be estimated equal to 8.5 ft. Determine: a) TDH
b) WHP c)BHP if np = 60% d)time required to fill
the cylindrical tank whose H = 15’ and diameter 8’
full of water.
3. A pipe 50 cm in diameter carries water
(10°C) at a rate of0.5m3/s. A pump in the
pipe is used to move the water from an
elevation of 30 m to 40 m. The pressure at
section 1 is70 kPa gage and the pressure at
section 2 is 350 kPa gage. What power in
kilowatts and in horsepower must be
supplied to the flow by the pump? Assume
hL=3 m of water and α1=α2=1.