Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
P
R
E GENERAL RELEASE
contents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
PRE-ENCOUNTER PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
S ORBITAL OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-16
S
MARS SCIENCE.
MARS FACT SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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(CATEGORY)
Lc
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O c t o b e r 22, 1971
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (a2) 755-8370
EWS - WASHINGTON,D.C. 20% TEU: (202) 755-8347
a t a n o t h e r p l a n e t , o t h e r t h a n e a r t h , w i t h d a i l y and s e a s o n a l
changes i n i t s atmosphere and on i t s s u r f a c e when a United
S t a t e s s p a c e c r a f t i s i n j e c t e d i n t o o r b i t around Mars on
November 13.
o r b i t insertion. I t may r e q u i r e up t o t h r e e o r b i t t r i m s t o
e s t a b l i s h t h e d e s i r e d p e r i o d and p e r i a p s i s .
B o t h o r b i t i n s e r t i o n and o r b i t t r i m w i l l be performed
O r b i t i n s e r t i o n w i l l r e q u i r e approximately a 15-minute
e n g i n e burn t o s l o w t h e s p a c e c r a f t s u f f i c i e n t l y t o allow
t h e Martian g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d t o p u l l t h e Mariner i n t o
orbit. O r b i t t r i m s w i l l r e q u i r e o n l y b r i e f engine f i r i n g s .
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k i l o m e t e r s (7,830 m i l e s p e r h o i r ) .
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PRE-ENCOUNTER PHASE
P r i o r t o o r b i t i n s e r t i o n Mariner w i l l t r a n s m i t t o E a r t h
t h r e e sequences of approach p i c t u r e s of Mars. This phactro-
graphy w i l l b e g i n . o n November 1 0 a t about 2 p.m., PST, w i t h
t h e f i r s t playback, of 31 p i c t u r e s , o c c u r r i n g about 2 4 hours
l a t e r on Thursday, November 11. The range f o r t h e s e p i c t u r e s
w i l l b e from 861,000 t o 571,000 k i l o m e t e r s (535,000 t o 355,000
m i l e s ) from -Mars. Twenty-five p i c t u r e s of M a r s and s i x
p i c t u r e s of the Martian moon D e i m o s w i l l b e included.
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6a
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PRE-OR81T SEQ.1, FRAME I
APPROX. RANGE : 525,000 MI,
_.
i
PRE-ORBIT SEQ. 3 FRAME 4
APPROX. RANGE $37,000 MI.
6d
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m
U
0
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ORBITAL OPERATIONS
t h e Goldstone view p e r i o d .
t o allow c l o s e c o r r e l a t i o n of d a t a .
Two a d d i t i o n a l e x p e r i m e n t s do n o t r e q u i r e i n s t r u m e n t s --
o c c u l t a t i o n and c e l e s t i a l mechanics. Occultation data
i n c l u d i n g a t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e i s d e r i v e d from a t m o s p h e r i c
e f f e c t s on t h e r a d i o s i g n a l a s t h e s p a c e c r a f t p a s s e s b e h i n d
of t h e o r b i t of t h e t w o moons, t h e M a r t i a n g r a v i t a t i o n a l
f i e l d and t h e e p h e m e r i s of Mars ( i t s p o s i t i o n a t a g i v e n t i m e
data.
The f i r s t p l a y b a c k of d a t a t a k e n from o r b i t w i l l b e g i n
p i c t u r e s w i l l b e r e l a y e d t o J P L by c a b l e f r o m f h e Robledo
p l a y b a c k w i l l r e q u i r e s i x h o u r s , 34 m i n u t e s t o complete.
The r e m a i n d e r of t h e f i r s t o r b i t t a p e w i l l b e r e c e i v e d
a t the G o l d s t o n e s t a t i o n a t 1 6 , 2 0 0 b i t s p e r s e c o n d . These
f i r s t o r b i t a l p i c t u r e s w i l l b e a mapping s e q u e n c e . The
a t 4:55 p.m.
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be conducted
O r b i t 7 p i c t u r e s , t o b e t r a n s m i t t e d t o E a r t h from 1 : 4 6 p.m.
e i g h t h o r b i t , a l s o on November 1 7 . T h i s sequence i n c l u d e s g l o b a l ,
advance, a d a i l y s c i e n c e t e a m m e e t i n g w i l l be h e l d , p r i o r t o t h e
G o l d s t o n e view p e r i o d , t o c a p i t a l i z e on t h e f l e x i b i l i t y o f an
o r b i t a l f l i g h t mission.
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A t y p i c a l o r b i t provides photographic o p t i o n s f o r g l o b a l ,
(3,000 f e e t ) . Narrow a n g l e p i c t u r e s , a t a r e s o l u t i o n of
1 0 0 meters (300 f e e t ) , w i l l n e s t i n s i d e t h e wide a n g l e p i c t u r e s .
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The u l t r a v i o l e t s p e c t r o m e t e r w i l l provide a p r e s s u r e
map and t h u s an a l t i t u d e map of t h e s u r f a c e which can be
c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e photographs. The r e s o l u t i o n of t h i s i n -
strument w i l l permit p r e s s u r e mapping and a n a l y s i s of atmos-
p h e r i c c o n s t i t u e n t s i n s i d e l a r g e r craters.
I n t h i s o r b i t i n g mission a b a t t e r y of instruments w i l l
probe t h e p l a n e t on a d a i l y b a s i s f o r t h r e e months and
possibly longer.
men t .
From t h e t o p of t h e t h i n Martian gas envelope down t o
t h e s u r f a c e and t h e i n t e r i o r o f craters, t h e atmospheric
i n s t r u m e n t s w i l l r e c o r d d a t a t o i d e n t i f y gases, p l o t t h e
mixture o f c o n s t i t u e n t s and v a r i a t i o n s r e l a t i v e t o t i m e and
area.
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P a s t o b s e r v a t i o n s have e s t a b l i s h e d t h e presence of c l o u d s ,
h'azes, b r i g h t s p o t s and flares of l i g h t on the s u r f a c e .
Y e l l o w clouds, thought t o be d u s t , can grow l a r g e enough t o
obscure a large p o r t i o n of the f a c e of M a r s and l a s t a month
o r two. White clouds range from a haze, l a s t i n g a f e w h o u r s ,
Another s p e c i f i c s c i e n t i f i c objective is a s t u d y of t h e
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S t u d i e s of t h e Mariner 9 d a t a may r e s o l v e t h a t q u e s t i o n
a c e n t r a l g r i d w i t h u n c e r t a i n t i e s i n t h e o r d e r of 1 0 k i l o -
meters ( 6 m i l e s ) .
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)AY DATE TIME (PST) EVENT REMARKS
Th 11/11 7:02 PM** TAKE POS-2- One Mars pic each hour for 24
F 11/12 6 5 4 PM** END POS-2 hours. 7 pics o f Deimos.
Range 325,000 to 160,000
F 11/12 7:16 PM START PLAYBACK POS-2 miles.
10:23 PM END PLAYBACK POS-2
F 11/12 10:30 PM** TAKE POS-3 Range 130,000 to 70,000
So 11/13 8:07 AM** END POS-3 miles. Two Phobos; 6 Deimos.
Sa 11/13 4:17 PM** ENGINE START -- ORBIT I N S E R T I O N BURN Rocket engine fires for 15 1/2
424 PM ENGINE START -- GROUND RECEIVE S I G N A L minutes at 300-pounds thrust.
4:32 PM** ENGINE CUTOFF -- MARINER 9 in ORBIT Slows s/c by 3600 mph. One-
4:39 PM ENGINE CUTOFF -- GROUND RECEIVE SIGNAL way light time i s 6m., 43s.
M
11/15 2 2 2 PM
5:37 PM
11/15 - 5 5 1 PM**
START PLAYBACK ORBIT #3 TV
END PLAYBACK ORBIT #3 TV
Tu 11/16 6:46 - 7:16 PM** ENGINE BURN -- ORBIT TRIM MANEUVER N e w orbit period: 11.98 hrs.
PERlAPSlS -- ORBIT #6
Tu 11/16 -8-:32 PM START PLAYBACK ORBIT #5 TV
11:47 PM END PLAYBACK ORBIT #5 TV night side.
,
W 11/17 '6:46 AM** START 7th ORBIT TV
7 : l O AM** END 7th ORBIT T V
Mopping sequence from South
7:13 AM**
.
PERlAPSlS --
ORBIT #7
Pole (similar to Orbit #l).
A
'' 11/17 1:48 PM START PLAYBACK ORBIT 87 TV
4 5 6 PM END PLAYBACK ORBIT #7 TV
I
H 11/17 5:05 PM** START 8th ORBIT TV
7:12 PM** PERIAPSIS --
ORBIT $8 First post-trim " f u l l science"
7:12 PM** END 8th ORBIT TV sequence: global, geodesy, polor
I edge atmospheric. UVS limb and
'4 11/17 8:12 PM START PLAYBACK ORBIT #8 TV mopping pics.
1120 PM END PLAYBACK ORBIT #8 TV