A World

Connected
An Internet Info-Graphic
by Kabir Maindarkar

Who Created
the Internet? Who
The Internet was created by Vint
Owns
Cerf and Bob Kahn while working for the Internet?
DARPA Nobody 'owns' the Internet. The
Internet is controlled by Internet
Service Providers (ISPs).
There is a group,
however, that chooses
What information does the Internet use? when new things are
The Internet uses binary information in the form of bits to implemented. The
transfer information. Bits come in the form of 1s and 0s. 1 Internet Engineering
means on, and 0 means off. The speed at which this Task Force (IETF) is
information travels is called bandwidth. Bandwidth is this group.
measued by the bit rate. Bit rate is the number of bits
sent over a given period of time. The variation between
bit rate speeds is known as latency.

What are 3 methods we

use to send bits of
information through the What is the
Internet? difference between
LAN and WAN?
The three ways we sends
bits through the Internet
are electricity, light, and, LAN WAN
radio. Local Area Network Wide Area Network

Covers small, local

Vs. Large general
coverage
areas Routers use this
Modems use this
Light Very Fast Relatively
Slower
Uses Fiber Optic Cables

Extremely fast with no signal loss

Very Expensive

Need Radio Tower and Wifi Router Uses Ethernet Cable

Completely Mobile Very cheap

Short Signal Range Signal is lost over

long distances

Radio Electricity

Protocols of
the Internet
The Internet is designed on protocols. Protocols are rules that the
internet must follow. The Internet Protocol (IP) is one of the most important
ones. Part of the IP are IP addresses. IP addresses are a 32 bit sequence of
numbers ordered in a specific hierarchy. The Dynamic Host Cofiguartion Protocol
(DHCP) assigns an IP address to a device. This is currently apart of
IPv4. Unfortunately, due to the increasing amount of devices we are in need of
more addresses. This is the reason behind the creation of IPv6. IPv6 uses 128
bits to create more addresses. Another part of IP is the Domain Name Server
(DNS). DNS divides servers into domain names such as .com, .edu, .gov, etc. DNS
used to be public and open, but due to cyber attacks such as DNS Spoofing,
where the hacker could change the links on a website to redirect to their own
websites.

Another protocol is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTML). This protocol

tells the server and the Web Browser how to communicate. Whenever you access
a website, Your computer send a 'get' request, telling the website to get images
and text to load. Whenever you are logging into a website, your computer sends
a 'post' request. Websites also use Cookies to remeber who an individual is.
Secure websites are websites that have Transport Layer Security (TLS) or its
successor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Trusted websites also have Digital
Certificates to prove they are who they say. These act as a layer of security
around a website. Every website has an address known as the Uniform Resource
Locator (URL). The language that tells a web browser how a webpage should look
is called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

Whenever you click on a website, it sends a copy of

itself split into multiple packets. These packets then go
to a router which sends it in the cheapest route. This
is controlled by the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP).

IP Address Hierarchy HTTP & DNS manage transportation of files

Country Network TCP/IP use routers to sned packets where
Region Network they need to go
Once packets are received, wires, cables, and
Subnetwork
WiFi transport the 1s and 0s physically
Device