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PHILO
Submitted by:
Richmond Lance C. Aguas
Submitted to:
Prof. MOISES C. ANTIOJO
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the Social Philosophes of Logic. Social
Philosophers is the study of questions about social behavior and interpretations of society and
social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. In this research will
Introduction
Social Philosophy is the study of questions about social behavior and interpretation bout
social behavior and interpretation of society and social institution. Philosophy began at the west in
the Greek colony Miletus with Thales but spread outwards in the works of subsequent thinkers and
writers. Aristotle was to be the first philosopher of Greek tradition. But the father of philosophy is
Socrates of the western philosophy and Plato was his most famous student and would teach
History
Social Philosophy is one of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology’s main research areas. Our
work in this field encompasses a rich and diverse range of substantive theoretical concerns, all of
which focus on some aspect of social life and intersubjectivity. Our approach is informed by
phenomenology and philosophical anthropology. We draw on all these areas to address a variety
of contemporary and urgent themes that are philosophically challenging, and at the same time also
have immediate relevance for our lives as social beings, in our daily interactions as well as in
relation to broader economic, scientific, technological and cultural events. Between history and
social philosophy in general there exist a dual relationship which is too easily overlooked. Any
social philosophy must look for its factual data to the past. Its materials are only to be found in
historical records ancient or of yesterday, and it itself only an interpretation of history. Before there
can be an ethics a politics an economics there must be history for man himself precedes his
attempts to explain his world and his explanation is necessarily based on knowledge of his past
there two man and the world furnish at once the motives an the materials of all social thinking and
I. Materialism
a theory that physical matter is the only or fundamental reality and that all being,
Materialism developed during the 800-200 BC and has developed around the 600 BC with
the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada and the proponents of the Carvaka school
used by some communist and Marxist historiographers that focuses on human societies and
their development through history, arguing that history is the result of material conditions
choice. It is the view that humans define their own meaning in life and try to make rational
existence, and the feeling that there is no purpose or explanation at the core of existence.
It holds that, as there is no God or any other transcendent force, the only way to counter
III. Capitalism
Capitalism is the economic and social system (and also the mode of production) in
which the means of production are predominantly privately owned and operated for profit,
involve the right of individuals and corporations to trade (using money) in goods, services,
labor and land. Capitalism began to develop into its modern form during the Early Modern
(Dutch Republic) and England: traders in Amsterdam and London created the first
IV. Socialism
Socialism is both an economic system and an ideology (in the non-pejorative sense
of that term). A socialist economy features social rather than private ownership of the
means of production. It also typically organizes economic activity through planning rather
than market forces, and gears production towards needs satisfaction rather than profit
accumulation. Socialist ideology asserts the moral and economic superiority of an economy
with these features, especially as compared with capitalism. More specifically, socialists
opportunities and resources unfairly, and vitiates community, stunting self-realization and
V. Determinism
theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by
because it entails that humans cannot act otherwise than they do. The theory holds that the
universe is utterly rational because complete knowledge of any given situation assures that
unerring knowledge of its future is also possible. Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace, in the
18th century framed the classical formulation of this thesis. For him, the present state of
the universe is the effect of its previous state and the cause of the state that follows it. If a
mind, at any given moment, could know all of the forces operating in nature and the
respective positions of all its components, it would thereby know with certainty the future
VI. Essentialism
the view that some properties of objects are essential to them. The “essence” of a
thing is conceived as the totality of its essential properties. Theories of essentialism differ
with respect to their conception of what it means to say that a property is essential to an
object. The concept of an essential property is closely related to the concept of necessity,
since one way of saying that a property P is essential to an object O is to say that the
proposition “O has P” is necessarily true. A general but not very informative way of
object cannot lack the property and still be the object that it is. Properties of an object that
VII. Hedonism
from the Greek word (hedone) for pleasure, refers to several related theories about
what is good for us, how we should behave, and what motivates us to behave in the way
that we do. All hedonistic theories identify pleasure and pain as the only important elements
pleasure and pain as merely two important elements, instead of the only important elements
of what they are describing, then they would not be nearly as unpopular as they all are.
However, the claim that pleasure and pain are the only things of ultimate importance is
VIII. Romanticism
is a philosophical which emphasizes emotional self-awareness as a necessary pre-
condition to improving society and bettering the human condition holds that the universe
is a single unified and interconnected whole, and full of values, tendencies and life, not
merely objective lifeless matter. The Romantic view is that reason, objectivity and analysis
radically falsify reality by breaking it up into disconnected lifeless entities, and the best
way of perceiving reality is through some subjective feeling or intuition, through which we
participate in the subject of our knowledge, instead of viewing it from the outside. Nature
is an experience, and not an object for manipulation and study, and, once experienced, the
individual becomes in tune with his feelings and this is what helps him to create moral
values.
IX. Utilitarianism
differs from ethical theories that make the rightness or wrongness of an act
dependent upon the motive of the agent, for, according to the utilitarian, it is possible for
the right thing to be done from a bad motive. Utilitarian’s may, however, distinguish the
aptness of praising or blaming an agent from whether the act was right. The origins of
Utilitarianism are often traced back to the Epicureanism of the followers of the Greek
philosopher Epicurus. It can be argued that David Hume and Edmund Burke were proto-
X. Rationalism
appealing to intellectual and deductive reason (as opposed to sensory experience or
any religious teachings) as the source of knowledge or justification. Thus, it holds that
some propositions are knowable by us by intuition alone, while others are knowable by
being deduced through valid arguments from intuited propositions. It relies on the idea that
reality has a rational structure in that all aspects of it can be grasped through mathematical
and logical principles, and not simply through sensory experience. Rationalism is a
philosophical movement which gathered momentum during the Age of Reason of the 17th
philosophy during this period by the major rationalist figures, Descartes, Leibniz and
Spinoza.
XI. Positivism
is the view that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such
knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific
and measurable evidence, subject to specific principles of reasoning). There are five main
The logic of inquiry is the same across all sciences (both social and natural).
The goal of inquiry is to explain and predict, and thereby to discover necessary and
Research should be empirically observable with human senses and should use inductive
Science is not the same as common sense, and researchers must be careful not to let
Science should be judged by logic and should be as value-free as possible. The ultimate
X. Conclusion
In conclusion philosophy is an activity of thought, a type of thinking. Philosophy is critical and
comprehensive thought, the most critical and comprehensive manner of thinking which the human
species has yet devised. This intellectual process includes both an analytic and synthetic mode of
positions, correcting distortions, looking for reasons, examining worldviews and questioning
exploring values, fixing beliefs by rational inquiry, establishing habits of acting, widening
functions as an activity which responds to society's demand for wisdom, which is bringing together
all that we know in order to obtain what we value. Viewed in this way Philosophy is part of the
activity of human growth and thus an integral, essential part of the process of education.