Chapter 3 Theorems, Definitions, Corollaries, and Postulates

3.1
Theorem 3-1 If two parallel planes are cut by a third plane, then the lines of intersection are
parallel.
3.2
Postulate 10 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then corresponding angles are
congruent.
Theorem 3-2 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate interior angles are
congruent.
Theorem 3-3 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then same-side interior angles are
supplementary.
Theorem 3-4 If a transversal is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then it is
perpendicular to the other one also.
3.3
Postulate 11 If two lines are cut by a transversal and corresponding angles are congruent, then
the lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-5 If two lines are cut by a transversal and alternate interior angles are congruent,
then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-6 If two lines are cut by a transversal and same-side interior angles are
supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-7 In a plane two lines perpendicular to the same line are parallel.
Theorem 3-8 Through a point outside a line, there is exactly one lines parallel to the given line.
Theorem 3-9 Through a point outside a line, there is exactly one line perpendicular to the given
line.
Theorem 3-10 Two lines parallel to a third line are parallel to each other.
3.4
Definition of auxiliary line: a line that is added to a figure to aid in a proof.
Definition of corollary: a theorem whose proof follows directly from another theorem.
Theorem 3-11 The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180.
Theorem 3-12 The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the measures of
the two remote interior angles.
Corollary 1 If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle, then
the third pair of angles are congruent.
Corollary 2 Each angle of an equiangular triangle has measure 60.
Corollary 3 In a triangle, there can be at most one right angle or obtuse angle.
Corollary 4 The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary.
3.5
Theorem 3-13 The sum of the measures of the angles of a convex polygon with n sides is (n –
2)180.
Theorem 3-14 The sum of the measures of the exterior angles of any convex polygon, one angle
at each vertex, is 360.
3.6
Definition of inductive reasoning: a). conclusion based on several past observations
b). conclusion is probably true, but not necessarily true.
Notes from quizzes and homework:
3.1
 Segments are parallel when the lines that contain them are
 Segments don’t intersect sometimes even if the lines that contain them do
 If line AB is parallel to plane X and line CD is in plane X, line AB does NOT have to be
parallel to line CD; they can be skew.
3.2
 When proving a theorem, you cannot use the theorem you are trying to prove, nor can
you use anything which relies on what you are trying to prove.
 Doing so renders your proof invalid due to circular reasoning.
3.3
 A pair of corresponding, alternate interior, or same-side interior angles must always be
formed by exactly 3 lines (2 lines and 1 transversal).